Irina BERG
Alimi am'deralo chaka chilichonse amapereka mbatata osati kudera la Tver kokha, komanso kumadera ena ambiri ku Russia. Ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zonse, sizichepetsa malo omwe ali pansi pa mbewu ndipo ali okonzeka kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera. Olima mbatata, omwe asiya ntchitoyo kwa zaka zambiri, amakhulupirira kuti mulimonsemo ayenera kupitiriza ntchito yawo: kudyetsa dziko lalikulu ndikusamalira mabanja awo mokwanira.
OMpikisano wamphamvu
Mtsogoleri wa KFH, Vasily Volkov, wochokera m'boma la Sandovsky, wakhala akulimbana ndi mbatata kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa wakhala akusunga malowa mkati mwa mahekitala 100-120.
M'mudzi wa Sandovo ndi midzi yozungulira, lero pali minda pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri yomwe ingathe kutchulidwa kuti ndi yamphamvu komanso yokhazikika. Mchitidwe wanthawi zonse woti alimi abzale mndandanda wa mbewu zofananira nawo kasinthasintha wa mbewu pamodzi ndi mbatata ndi zosavomerezeka pano. Vasily Volkov amalima manyowa obiriwira okha, chifukwa palibe malo ogulitsa mbewu kapena nyemba. Palibe bizinesi yaikulu yaulimi, palibe famu imodzi ya ziweto yomwe inatsalira m'dera la chigawocho, ndipo minda yambiri inali yodzaza ndi nkhalango.
Mutu wa KFH umayitana kufunikira kochepa ndi mtengo wochepa wogulitsa wa tubers chizindikiro chachikulu cha nyengo yotsiriza. Alimi oyambilira, omwe adabwera kumakampaniwo akuyembekeza kuti apeza phindu lalikulu lomwe alimi a mbatata adalandira mu 2022, adalephera kubweza ngongole zawo ndipo adangotsala pang'ono kubweza ngongole.
Vasily Volkov adadalira kugulitsa magulu akuluakulu a mbatata pamitengo yotsika. Gawo la mkango la zokolola linagulitsidwa kudzera mwa oyimira pakati, chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe chuma chinapewa mavuto aakulu.
Olima mbatata ku Tver amayembekezera kukwera kwamitengo yazinthu zawo kumayambiriro kwa 2023, koma, m'malo mwake, zidakhala zotsika mtengo. Kubwerera mu Januwale, mlimiyo adalandira ma ruble 17-18 pa kilogalamu ya tubers, koma mu February manambala pamitengo yamtengo adatsika kwambiri. Mu theka loyamba la Meyi, sakanatha kupeza ogula 5+ magawo a mbatata, abwino, pamtengo wa ma ruble 10 pa kilogalamu.
Pakati pa opanga mbatata m'chigawo cha Tver, malinga ndi Vasily Volkov, palibe mpikisano wovuta. Palibenso kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja kuno. M'malo mwake, ndi tveryaks omwe amapikisana ndi anzawo ochokera kumadera ena. Ogulitsa amabwera kuno kudzagula katundu wochokera kumadera a Rostov ndi Murmansk, kuchokera ku Kuban ndi ku Central Russia. Mbatata zazikulu za Tver zomwe zimabzalidwa pa dothi lamchenga za loamy zimafunidwa kwambiri ndi ogula, chifukwa zikauma zimawoneka zoyera. Mwachitsanzo, ma tubers omwe adakumbidwa mu Bryansk chernozem sakhala otsika kwa Tver pamtundu, koma amataya mawonekedwe awo.
VUTO LILIKULU NDI ANTHU ANTHU
LLC "Potates-69" anakhala wolowa m'malo famu, amene anayamba ntchito yake ndi dera la mahekitala asanu. Mu 2023, mahekitala 200 amakhala ndi mbatata m'minda yamakampani m'boma la Molokovskiy, 50 kuposa nyengo yapitayi.
Opanga mbatata ku Tver ware amakonda mitundu yamitundu yakunja. Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Potates-69 LLC Andrey Fedotov adanena kuti lero chofunika kwambiri m'derali ndi Mfumukazi Anna ndi Colomba, zomwe zimafuna kwambiri ogula, makamaka kum'mwera kwa Russia. Koma Red Scarlett, ngakhale yokhazikika, koma yosabala zipatso, imatha kukhala chifukwa cha mitundu yotuluka. Malinga ndi zomwe a tveryaks adawona, mbatata zofiira sizinakhalepo posachedwa, chifukwa wogula nthawi zambiri amasankha zoyera.
Famuyi imagula mbewu kuchokera kwa oimira makampani akunja ku Russia. Malinga ndi Andrei Fedotov, izi zimatsimikizira kuti mbewuyo ndi yabwino kwambiri ndipo imawathandiza kuti apitirize kubereka m'minda yawo. Pafupifupi matani 40 a mbatata yambewu amafunikira chaka chilichonse pazosowa zabizinesi, koma chaka chino palibe chifukwa chogula.
Wochita bizinesiyo amathandizira chikhumbo cha aboma kuti apange zosankha zapakhomo ndikufalitsa mbewu zaku Russia. Ngati ku Russia aliyense akugwira ntchito yake mosamala ndikungopanga zinthu zabwino zokhazokha, ndiye kuti mafamu adzakhala okonzeka kugula makina aulimi, mbewu zambewu ndi zinthu zoteteza zomera zotchedwa "Made in Russia".
Andrey Fedotov amaona kuti chaka chatha chinali chopambana pabizinesi yake. Potates-69 LLC sanazindikire kutsika kwamitengo kapena kufunikira kochepa kwa mbatata, ndipo ubale wamabizinesi omwe adakhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali adachita gawo lalikulu. Kugulitsa zinthu kunja kwa dera la Tver kunadutsa pakati pa oyimira pakati, makamaka ku Krasnodar Territory, St. Petersburg, Moscow.
Ponena za zovutazi, wolimayo amaika kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito paulimi poyambirira, pomwe akatswiri oyendetsa makina amasowa. Mudzi wa Molokovo ndi wochepa, ndipo anthu ake akucheperachepera. Achinyamata amene safuna kugwira ntchito m’minda amakonda kupita kumizinda ikuluikulu. Sikuti amalipira pang'ono pano, chifukwa makina omwewo amalandira pafupifupi ma ruble 100 pamwezi panyengo. Anthu aku Russia amakonda kupewa kugwira ntchito molimbika, ndipo mawu akuti "munthu wantchito" ndi "wantchito wakumidzi", mwatsoka, samvekanso wonyada.
PASI NDI MPHAMVU YA MAVUTO
Mbatata yanu yoyamba SERGEY Ershov anabzala mu 1998, koma kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito monga wocheperapo chiwembu munthu, ndipo kokha kumapeto kwa 2007 anakhala mlimi. Mu nyengo yatsopano, adawonjezera malo omwe ali pansi pa mbewu m'chigawo cha tauni ya Sandovsky kuyambira chaka chatha cha 130 mpaka mahekitala 150. Posankha mitundu ya mbatata, wolima nthawi zonse ankadalira zomwe adakumana nazo komanso zofuna za msika. Koma panalinso zosankha zosayembekezereka zomwe zinakhala mwayi. Mwanjira ina, m'malo mwa mbewu zolamulidwa za Labella, famuyo idaperekedwa kwa Red Lady. Anatenga mwayi, anavomera ndipo wakhala akulima bwino mitunduyi kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri tsopano. Mkulu wa famu ya anthu wamba ankagula mbewu mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga akunja. Poyamba, pakati pawo panali makampani ochokera ku Germany ndi Finland, koma kenako a Finn anasiya kutumiza kudziko lathu.
Chaka chino Sergey Ershov adaganiza zobzala mbatata zoweta kwa nthawi yoyamba. Ndinagula matani 20 a mbewu za Prime zosiyanasiyana kuti ndidziwonere ndekha momwe oweta apakhomo amagwirira ntchito. Ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo yerekezerani zotsatira za kukula Russian ndi achilendo mbatata.
Pothirira ndemanga pazamalonda kumapeto kwa nyengo ya 2022, mlimiyo adawona kuti alimi ang'onoang'ono sangakhudze. Osewera ofooka pamsika wa mbatata amadalira momwe zinthu ziliri, kwa ogulitsa, pamitengo yomwe amakhazikitsa. Aliyense ankayembekezera zabwino, koma alimi, amene anayimitsa malonda mu kugwa, anakhudzidwa kwambiri. M'chaka, mtengo wa tubers unali wotsika kwambiri. Mutu wa KFH sanadikire, adagulitsa popanda kuyimitsa, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa Meyi adakhuthula zosungira zake.
Kugulitsa ma tubers kunalepheretsedwa ndi kutalikirana kwachuma kuchokera kumizinda yayikulu. Ili pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 500 kupita kumalikulu onse a Russia, makilomita 255 kufika ku Tver, koma n’zosatheka kugulitsa zokolola m’derali. Gawo lalikulu, pafupifupi 70%, linapita ku Krasnodar Territory, ena onse ku Moscow, St. Petersburg, Murmansk, Petrozavodsk.
Mpaka chaka chatha, mlimiyu adapereka mbatata ku sukulu za kindergarten ndi sekondale. Koma malinga ndi malamulo atsopanowa, kufikitsa ku mabungwe a maphunziro kumatheka kokha pamagalimoto apadera omwe ali ndi pasipoti yonyamula katundu waulimi. Mlimiyo anali ndi GAZelle wamba ndi UAZ yakale yosinthidwa kuti izi zitheke, kotero njira yogawayi ikuwoneka kuti yatayika.
SERGEY Yershov anafotokoza maganizo wamba ambiri mwa anzake za thandizo boma cholinga makampani. Pali mapulogalamu opindulitsa, kuphatikiza omwe amapereka chipukuta misozi pamtengo wogulira mbewu. Vuto ndilakuti ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa motsutsana ndi maziko a mtengo wonse wa alimi a mbatata ndizotsika mtengo. Chaka chilichonse tiyenera kusonkhanitsa zikalata zambiri kuti tipeze. Maulendo okhazikika ku Tver, ku Unduna wa Zaulimi wachigawo, amatenga nthawi yayitali. Ngati famuyo imagula mbewu zazing'ono za anthu osankhika, zoyesayesa zonsezi sizomveka. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ya mbatata yomwe chithandizo chilipo sichiri choyenera kulima m'derali.
MPHAMVU PA KUKHALA
Ku Duet LLC, mbewu yoyamba ya mbatata idakololedwa mu 2000 kuchokera kudera la maekala 60, ndipo lero ma tubers amabzalidwa pano kale pa mahekitala mazana awiri. Abale Artem ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Gusev amayang'anira bizinesiyo m'chigawo cha Kesovogorsky.
M'minda ya famuyo pali mitundu ya Koroleva Anna, Red Lady, Aluet, ndi mbewu za gulu la "elite" zomwe zimaperekedwa pachaka kuchokera ku Europe. Dmitry Gusev, Executive Director wa Duet LLC, akuti alimi a mbatata ku Tver amakonda kulima mbatata zowetedwa kunja. Mwina obereketsa aku Russia ali ndi njira zosinthira zosangalatsa, koma palibe amene amazipereka, siziwalimbikitsa pamsika.
Malinga ndi agrarian, ndikofunikira kuyesa kulima mitundu yapakhomo kuti muwone ubwino wake. Koma kuyesa kotereku ndi kotsika mtengo kwa minda yayikulu. Mafamu apakati ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kupeza phindu lokhazikika. Chifukwa chake, mbatata zimasankhidwa kuti zipangidwe, zomwe zimakondedwa kale ndi ogula ndipo zimagulidwa bwino ndi iwo.
Dmitry Gusev adalongosola nyengo yapitayi ngati yachilendo, ndithudi, yosinthidwa pamitengo yotsika kusiyana ndi chaka chatha. Bizinesiyo idakwanitsa kugulitsa mbewu yonseyo, ikugwira ntchito ndi ogulitsa, kuphatikiza omwe amatumiza ma tubers kuti azitsuka. Mtengo wogulitsa mbatata zoyera sunagwere pansi ma ruble 20 pa kilogalamu. Koma zofiira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi zinthu zina zothandiza, zidagulitsidwa ma ruble 25.
Monga momwe wochita bizinesiyo adafotokozera, kwa zaka zambiri pakhala pali makasitomala okhazikika omwe amazolowera kuti mbatata ya Tver ndi yayikulu komanso yabwino. Chogulitsacho chayamba kufunidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikolo, ndipo pali anthu ambiri omwe amawakonda m'mizinda ya Russia. Izi zimathandiza wopanga kupulumuka ngakhale zaka zovuta kwa makampani.
Thandizo lochokera ku boma likuyitanidwa kuti liwonjezere chidaliro kwa alimi mtsogolomo. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zaulimi, ndipo mafamu omwe amazigula nthawi zambiri akuyembekeza kubweza zina mwa ndalama zomwe zawonongeka kumadera. Koma Dmitry Gusev adaphunzira kuchokera ku zomwe adakumana nazo kuti ndizosasangalatsa kudziwa kuti kampani yanu inalibe ndalama zokwanira mu bajeti. Ndondomeko yotereyi mu gawo la chithandizo cha boma silingatchulidwe kuti ndi yothandiza.
KUKHALITSA NTCHITO NDI Mfungulo YA KUGONJETSA
Monga mwachizolowezi ndi alimi, tveryakov sapereka zolosera kumayambiriro kwa nyengo. Koma iwo amayang’ana m’tsogolo modekha, wina anganene, ndi chiyembekezo chapakati.
SERGEY Ershov amakhulupirira kuti zambiri zidzadalira chilengedwe, chomwe pafupifupi nthawi zonse chimapanga kusintha kwake. Nyengo ziwiri zomaliza m'derali zidakhala zouma, koma dothi pano nthawi zambiri limakhala lamadzi, ndipo panalibe zotayika zazikulu. M'nyengo yophukira, m'malo mwake, panalibe kusowa kwa mvula, zomwe zinasokoneza ntchito yokolola. Malinga ndi mlimi, ngati mu 2023 osachepera angapo opanga "ouma" kapena osefukira, kukwera kwa mtengo wa mbatata kumatsimikizika.
Wotchedwa Dmitry Gusev akuyembekeza kuti osewera atsopano otere pamsika monga chaka chapitacho sawoneka. Ndipo amene anayamba kulima mbatata pofuna kupeza phindu mosavuta abwerera kubizinesi yawo yakale. Anthuwa sanawerenge zotsatira za zisankho zawo, sanaganizire zomwe zingayambitse kugwa kwa mitengo ya mbewu yatsopano m'dziko lonselo.
Ziribe kanthu chaka chamawa, Vasily Volkov ali wotsimikiza kuti alimi odziwa bwino mbatata sadzaphwanyidwa ndi zovuta zilizonse. Tiyeni 2022 ikhale yovuta, ndipo mapulani ena adayenera kusiyidwa. Tveryaki sanakhalebe ofiira ndipo adatha kukonzekera bwino nyengo yatsopano. Tinagula zonse zomwe timafunikira: mbewu, feteleza, zoteteza zomera, mafuta a dizilo.
Andrey Fedotov ananena kuti chaka chino chikhoza kukhala "chovuta" kuposa chakale. Chuma padziko lonse lapansi chikupitilirabe, mavuto akuchulukana, ndipo chuma cha olima mbatata chikuchepa. Koma wochita bizinesi amalabadira chinthu china. Kudera la Tver, aphunzira kulima mbatata yabwino, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zapamwamba komanso kuchulukitsa zokolola nthawi zonse. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola kunapangitsa alimi akumaloko kusalabadira zovuta. Ndipo ukatswiri wawo udzakhala chitsimikizo chabwino kwambiri cha nyengo yabwino yaulimi.