Kuchokera m'magazini No. 4 2015
Gulu: Chigawo
Dera la dera: 55,3 Km2.
Chiwerengero: Anthu 618703, omwe oposa 70% ndi okhala mumzinda.
Malo: Derali lili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa gawo la Europe la dzikolo, gawo la North-Western Federal District.
Nyengo kontinenti yotentha, pafupi ndi nyanja. Amadziwika ndi chinyezi chambiri, akasupe ozizira, akasupe aatali, chilimwe chozizira, nyengo yofunda, yophukira, komanso nyengo yozizira. M’nyengo yozizira, m’derali mumakhala mvula yambiri ndipo kumagwa mvula pafupipafupi. M'chilimwe kumagwa mvula nthawi zambiri, nthawi yayitali (masiku 12-17 ndi mvula pamwezi). M'dzinja, nyengo yamtambo imakhala ndi chifunga chotalikirapo (masiku 12-14 pamwezi), mvula makamaka ngati mvula yamphamvu, mu Novembala nthawi zambiri ngati mvula.
Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi +4,9°C. Chinyezi chapamwamba kwambiri cha mpweya chimapezeka m'nyengo yophukira-yozizira, kufika pamtunda wa 88% mu November-December. Nthawi zambiri chisanu chomaliza mu kasupe ndi Meyi 18, chisanu choyamba m'dzinja ndi Seputembara 18. Nthawi yapakati ya nthawi yopanda chisanu ndi masiku 143.
Nthawi yakukula (masiku 175), 400-430 mm yamvula imagwa (60% ya chizolowezi chapachaka). Chilimwe (nthawi yotentha kuposa +10 ° C) imatha masiku 140. Chivundikiro chokhazikika cha chipale chofewa chimakhazikitsidwa pakati pa Disembala (tsiku loyambirira ndi Novembara 11) ndipo limapitilira masiku 110-120.
Mpumulo. Kumadzulo kwa derali kuli malo otsika kwambiri a Priilmenskaya, omwe kutalika kwake sikudutsa 60-70 m pamwamba pa nyanja. Kum'maŵa kuli Valdai Upland wokhala ndi mtunda wapayekha wokhala ndi utali wautali mpaka mamita 300. Magawo onsewa amagawidwa m'madera osiyana ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono othandizira. Izi zimatchulidwa makamaka mkati mwa Valdai Upland.
Dothi. Derali limayang'aniridwa ndi dothi la soddy-podzolic, lomwe nthawi zambiri limadzaza ndi madzi mosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe awo apadera ndi makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a malo olimako, kuchuluka kwa acidity, kutsika kwa michere ndi kutsika kwa humus.
Malo azaulimi: 10,8 mahekitala zikwi.
Dera la Novgorod ndi amodzi mwa atsogoleri pakupanga mbatata ku Northwestern Federal District. Kukula kwa derali kumayendetsedwa ndi nthaka yabwino komanso nyengo komanso kuyandikira misika yayikulu yogulitsa. Kulima mbatata kumawonedwa ngati njira yopindulitsa kwambiri pantchito yolima mbewu. Kupindula kumayambira 25 mpaka 45%. Ndizachilengedwe kuti mbatata yogulitsa malonda ikukula chaka chilichonse. Tikumbukire kuti mu 2000, matani 160-180 okha a "mkate wachiwiri" adakulira m'chigawo cha Novgorod. Mu 2015, opanga zaulimi m'derali adatulutsa mbatata yopitilira 368, yomwe ndi 20% kuposa zotsatira za chaka chatha (kuphatikiza zokolola zambiri m'mabungwe azaulimi zidakwera ndi 87%, m'minda ya anthu wamba - ndi 85%). Chifukwa chake, kwa aliyense wokhala m'chigawo cha Novgorod chaka chino pali mbatata yokwana 595 kg, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala 95 kg.
Nthawi zambiri, kupanga mbatata kwawonjezeka ka 1,7 pazaka zisanu zapitazi.
Pachitukuko chogwira ntchito chaulimi ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwachuma kwa opanga ulimi, thandizo la boma ndikofunikira. Njira zothandizira izi zimaperekedwa mkati mwa dongosolo la Boma la dera la Novgorod "Development of agro-industrial complex of the Novgorod region for 2014-2020" ndi dipatimenti yoyang'anira dipatimenti "Kukula kwa Mbatata ndi Kupanga Kwazinthu () kugulitsa ndi kugawa) malo osungira, kukonzekera kugulitsa kale ndi kugulitsa mbatata, masamba ndi zipatso m'chigawo cha Novgorod cha 2014-2016." Monga gawo la mapulogalamuwa, opanga ulimi m'derali amalandira ndalama zothandizira kugula ndi kupanga mbewu za mbatata, kugula zipangizo zosungiramo, kukonzekera kugulitsa kale ndi kugulitsa mbatata, masamba ndi zipatso.
Kupanga mbewu
Kukula kwa mbatata sikutheka popanda mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri. Mafamu asanu opangira mbewu za mbatata apangidwa m'derali. Masiku ano, mabizinesi akukula mwachangu. Chaka chino, malo omwe amabzalidwa mbatata osankhika awonjezeka ndi 8% (poyerekeza ndi mulingo wa 2014).
Zakonzedwa kuti minda iyi itulutsa matani opitilira 8 a mbewu za mbatata zobereketsa kwambiri.
Gawo lotsatira pakupanga mbewu za mbatata likhala kupangidwa kwa labotale yopangira mbewu za mbatata popanda ma virus.
Zachilengedwe
Posungirako, kukonzekera kusanachitike ndikugulitsa mbatata, malo atatu opangira zida adamangidwa mderali (awiri ku Novgorod ndi amodzi m'maboma a Borovichi), omwe amatha kunyamula matani 45 a mbatata. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu a m'derali azitha kugulitsa zinthu zabwino chaka chonse, kupereka mbatata zatsopano m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi kuzigulitsa kunja kwa dera, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ndalama za opanga.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chino, malo atsopano osungira mbatata okhala ndi mphamvu yosungira matani 5,1 adzayamba kugwira ntchito m'derali. Mu 2016, akukonzekera kumanganso malo ena awiri osungira mbatata m'maboma a Soletsky ndi Shimsky okhala ndi matani 30. Chifukwa chake, zofunikira zimapangidwira m'derali kuti muwonjezere kupanga mbatata.
Mafelemu
Maphunziro atatu apamwamba a zaulimi ndi Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources akugwira ntchito bwino m'chigawo cha Novgorod. Amapereka m'derali antchito oyenerera. Chaka chilichonse, mabungwe ophunzirirawa amapereka madipuloma kwa akatswiri pafupifupi 400 a maphunziro apamwamba a sekondale ndi 50. - maphunziro apamwamba, omaliza maphunziro ambiri amapitiriza ntchito zawo akatswiri kutsogolera mabizinesi ulimi m'dera.
Minda ya mbatata
Mafamu a anthu wamba a Ivan Geletey ndi Sergei Yakovlev ochokera m'boma la Borovichi akuwonetsa zotsatira zabwino nthawi zonse; Anatoly Lipatov, Denis Pavlyuk, Ivan Pireev ochokera m'chigawo cha Novgorod. Zokolola mwa iwo zimafika 500 c/ha. Kulima mbatata kumapezekanso chaka chilichonse m'mafamu a Vladimir Kondranin, Arbi Kadyrov ochokera m'boma la Shimsky, ndi Nikolai Kolesnikov wochokera m'chigawo cha Soletsky. Zokolola m'mabizinesiwa zimakhazikika pamlingo wa 250-280 c/ha.
Ntchito zatsopano zolima mbatata m'malo omwe angobwera kumene zikugwiranso ntchito m'derali. M'chigawo cha Volotovsky, Novgorod Potato System LLC idabzala mahekitala 100 a mbatata chaka chino, zokolola zake zinali 300 c/ha. Chaka chamawa kampaniyo ikukonzekera kuwonjezera malo ake obzala mpaka mahekitala 300. M’boma la Soletsky, Bristol LLC inabzala mahekitala 460 a mbatata, zokolola zake zinali 350 c/ha. Pali malingaliro okweza malowa mpaka mahekitala 1200. Mukafika pakupanga, kuchuluka kwa mbatata kudzakhala matani 163.
Zoyembekeza
Cholinga chachikulu cha derali pazaulimi ndikukwaniritsa makonzedwe athunthu a anthu okhala ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa pa dothi la Novgorod. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo la mbatata likhoza kukhala chitsanzo kwa ena. Derali lili kale lodzidalira kwathunthu mu mbatata, ngakhale, zowonadi, zotsatira zomwe zapezeka sizili malire a zotheka.
Derali lili ndi malingaliro a malo opangira ndalama zopangira madera osiyanasiyana, ena mwa iwo akufunika kale chifukwa cha nyengo yabwino yopangira ndalama zomwe zidapangidwa m'derali. Zonsezi zithandizira kukulitsa kukula kwa ulimi. Chaka chamawa tikukonzekera kupanga matani 400 zikwi za mbatata ndipo tili ndi chidaliro kuti ntchitoyi ndi yeniyeni ndipo imatha kusungunuka kwathunthu.
Olembawo akufuna kuthokoza Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Chakudya m'chigawo cha Novgorod pokonzekera nkhaniyi.