Kuchokera m'magazini: No. 4 2016
Category: Kufunsira kwa akatswiri
Vadim Kuvshinov, Director wa Agrosave LLC
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kupanga karoti ku Russia kwakula kwambiri pazaka ziwiri zapitazi. Zifukwa zochulukira chidwi cha malonda kuchokera kwa opanga zaulimi ndizomveka: kaloti ndi mizu yodula kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi mbatata) osati yofala. Ngati pali msika wogulitsa wotsimikizika, "projekiti ya karoti" ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa kwambiri, ndipo ndalama zonse zidzalipira mu nyengo imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha. Zoonadi, pokhapokha ngati kukhazikitsidwa kwake kudzachitidwa ndi akatswiri ndipo palibe zolakwika zazikulu zomwe zidzachitike pachiyambi, kuphatikizapo panthawi yomanga ndi zipangizo za malo osungiramo zinthu.
Kusungirako malinga ndi malamulo
Ndizosamveka kulingalira mitundu yonse ya malo osungirako omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Russia kusunga kaloti. Mutha kupeza nthawi pomwe kaloti amayikidwa m'chipinda chimodzi ndi mbatata yambewu (kutentha kosungirako kumasiyana ndi madigiri angapo), ndipo nthawi zina amasungidwa mochulukira pamodzi ndi mbatata ndi beets. Pakhoza kukhala zosankha zambiri, koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti njira zonse zamaluso ndizovomerezeka poyambira komanso kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri: miyezi 2-3. Ngakhale pa kutentha kwapafupi, chinsinsi ndi kuzizira; kwa mbatata ndi madigiri 0,5 patsiku, ndipo kaloti amatha kupitirira madigiri 20 patsiku.
Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti kaloti amasungidwa bwino m'malo osungiramo firiji (kutentha koyenera: 0 ° - 0,5 °), m'mitsuko, pamtunda wokhazikika (pafupifupi 95%), wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kuwongolera kwa CO2. M'zochita, si aliyense amene amatha kukonza dongosolo loterolo pazinthu - pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yakuti kukhazikitsa pulojekiti yomanga ndi kukonza malo osungirako karoti ndi ntchito yodula kwambiri.
Kuwerengera ndalama
Kodi mtengo umatanthauza chiyani pankhaniyi? Kupanga ndi kumanga chimango (popeza tikukamba za kusungirako chidebe ndi chipinda cha firiji), chomwe chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zotetezera kutentha. Kupereka magetsi (osachepera 400 kW kwa pafupifupi malo), kugula zotengera zamatabwa zokhala ndi mpweya (zotengera 4, pafupifupi, zimawononga ma ruble 10 miliyoni). Kukhala ndi zida zamakono - 0,5 miliyoni mayuro. Mtengo wa malo onse (matani 3 azinthu) ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 100 miliyoni.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchepetsa ndalama? Zachidziwikire, inde, njira yolingalira ndiyo maziko opambana, koma pali mfundo zomwe simuyenera kuzidumphadumpha.
Wosauka amalipira kawiri
Nthawi zambiri, poganizira zotsatsa zamakampani osiyanasiyana, kasitomala akufuna kusankha njira yopindulitsa kwambiri (monga zikuwonekera poyang'ana koyamba) kwa iye yekha, popanda kuwerenga mwatsatanetsatane komanso osafufuza momwe ndalamazo zidakwaniritsidwira. Ndipo amagwera mumsampha, kapena angapo nthawi imodzi. Tiyeni tiwone zodziwika kwambiri.
Refrigeration zida mphamvu. Malinga ndiukadaulo, gulu lonse la kaloti wokumbidwa liyenera kukhazikika mpaka 0 ° mkati mwa maola XNUMX.
Ku Israeli, chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kotereku, njira yosambira yozizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamene zinthuzo zimamizidwa m'mitsuko ndi madzi ozizira oundana. M'dziko lathu, chifukwa cha zochitika za nyengo, njirayi siinakhazikike, ndipo vutoli limathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito firiji, koma kupambana kumatheka kokha ngati mphamvu ya zipangizozo zikugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mufiriji. Ndawonapo zitsanzo zomwe mafiriji adagulidwa "pang'ono pang'ono" chifukwa anali otsika mtengo ndipo anathandiza kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito. Chotsatira chake, nyumba zabwino kwambiri zazikuluzikulu sizinakwaniritse ntchito yawo: zida sizikanatha kusunga kutentha kofunikira, kaloti sizinasungidwe.
Dongosolo la humidification. Pamalo a chinyezi chochepa (zipinda zokhala opanda mpweya kuchokera mumsewu), mbewu za muzu zimayamba kutaya chinyezi, chifukwa chake ulaliki wawo ndi kulemera kwake. Machitidwe a humidification amathandizira kupewa izi. Koma zida za "gulu lazachuma" zimakhala ndi zovuta zazikulu, zomwe zimawonekera mwachangu zikagwiritsidwa ntchito mufiriji: madzi amayamba kuzizira mu mipope ndi ma nozzles, ndi mawonekedwe a ayezi. Ndizovuta kuthana ndi izi; ngati mapaipi amatha kutsekedwa, sizikudziwika bwino momwe angatsekere ma nozzles oonda.
Pomaliza CO2. Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri komanso yotsutsana. Monga mukudziwira, panthawi yosungirako, masamba a masamba amatulutsa mpweya woipa. Mumlengalenga mukakhala mpweya wochuluka kuposa mpweya, kaloti zimayamba kuwonongeka. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti ndende ya carbon dioxide iyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuchepetsedwa nthawi zonse. Koma nyumba yosungiramo firiji ndi chipinda chosindikizidwa momwe sizingatheke "kudula" mabowo olowera mpweya kunja: mwinamwake sikungatheke kusunga kutentha komwe mukufuna m'chipindamo. Pali njira zingapo zothetsera vuto la gasi pamsika, koma zonse ndizokwera mtengo. Eni ake osungira, osafuna kuwononga ndalama zowonjezera, nthawi zambiri amathetsa vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito njira za bajeti: mwachitsanzo, popanga ma valve otulutsa mpweya ndi mwayi wopita ku makonde kapena maofesi. M'malo mwake, izi sizothandiza kwambiri, osanenapo kuti palibe amene akufuna kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'nyumba zamaofesi.
Nthawi
Pokonzekera ntchito yaikulu yomanga ndi kukonza malo osungirako masamba, kasitomala sayenera kukhala ndi ndalama zokha, komanso nthawi. Ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi kupanga ndi kumanga nyumba, kukhazikitsa mauthenga, kuwerengera, kutumiza ndi kutumiza zida zimatenga miyezi ingapo. Nthawi iyi ikhoza kukulitsidwa chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe (ndizovuta kwambiri kumanga m'nyengo yamasika kapena mvula yayitali), mavuto pamilandu ndi zovuta zina.
Ngati ntchito yomanga nyumbayi idayamba kumapeto kwa Meyi, pali mwayi waukulu kwambiri kuti pofika poyambira kukolola malo osungiramo zinthu sadzakhala okonzeka kulandira zinthu, ngakhale poganizira kuti kaloti amayamba kukhala. anasonkhanitsa m'ma September.
Kusankha kontrakitala
Pali malingaliro ambiri pamsika omanga ndi zida zosungirako masamba. Koma wogula ayenera, kuyambira pachiyambi, adziyese yekha zomwe akufuna kuti apeze: polojekiti yotsika mtengo kapena malo osungirako bwino, kusunga ndalama tsopano kapena kusunga ndalama zambiri, mitsempha ndi mankhwala pambuyo pake. Ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kukonza zomwe amateurs achita.
Chisankhocho chiyenera kupangidwa mokomera iwo omwe ali kale ndi chidziwitso pakukhazikitsa ntchito zopambana, omwe ali okonzeka kuthandizira kukonza zolakwika ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndipo saopa kutenga mbali ya chitetezo cha katundu.
Mtengo wapakati wa kaloti pamsika wogulitsa kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika umachokera ku ma ruble 15 mpaka 50. Ngakhale m’zaka zabwino, imasungabe mtengo wokwera ndipo imapereka phindu kwa awo odziŵa kukula makamaka kwa amene amadziŵa kusunga zotuta bwino. Ngakhale poganizira ndalama zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa.