Kuchokera m'magazini: No. 4 2016
Category: Mbiri
Kodi mudaganizapo za momwe ukadaulo waulimi ukusintha mwachangu? Chilichonse chomwe timapereka pamasamba a magazini ngati zinthu zatsopano chimasinthidwa ndi zitsanzo zapamwamba kwambiri m'zaka zingapo, kenako zimasowa m'mbiri.
Lero tili ndi mwayi wowona momwe zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zamakina zaulimi zidawonekera pafupifupi zaka zana ndi theka zapitazo, poyang'ana masamba a bukhu la wasayansi wotchuka waku Russia komanso katswiri wazachuma Valerian Vasilyevich Chernyaev "Zothandizira Zaulimi ndi Makina. Kupanga, kusankha ndi kuwasamalira. " Bukuli linasindikizidwa mu 1875.
Bukuli limafotokoza mu mawonekedwe ofikirika za kapangidwe ka makina ndi zida, malamulo osamalira, komanso momwe angasankhire. Ndipo ngati makinawo, opangidwa ndi matabwa ndi chitsulo, amasiyana kwambiri ndi amakono, ndiye kuti malangizo ena amalembedwa ngati kuti analembedwa lero (makalata akale okha amatikumbutsa kuti sizili choncho).
Za muyaya
“Ndisonyeze chikhasu chako kapena galimoto yako, ndipo ndikuuze kuti ndiwe mbuye wotani,” umatero mwambi wachijeremani. Ndi kangati makina sagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti mwiniwake sadziwa kukhazikitsa bwino! Nthawi zambiri makina amawonongeka kapena kutha msanga chifukwa cha kusanjika kosayenera ndi kuyika.
Simuyenera kugula makina chifukwa amagwira ntchito bwino pamafamu ena kapena kwa mnansi. Pogula makina, choyamba muyenera kuganizira za mmene nthaka ilili, monga: mmene nthaka ilili, ubwino wa mkate, kuchuluka kwa ntchito imene makinawo ayenera kupanga, kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito, ndi phindu. za mtengo wa famuyo.
Pogula magalimoto, eni ake sayenera kuthamangira kugula zida zosinthira. Palibe ndipo sizingakhale makina omwe sangawonongeke. Pokhala ndi magawo, eni ake nthawi zonse amatetezedwa ku kuyimitsidwa kwa ntchito.
Kaŵirikaŵiri timamva madandaulo akuti makina oyitanidwawo anachedwa, mwachitsanzo, wofesa mbewu walandidwa kuti akololedwe, kapena makina otuta alandilidwa kuti apunthire. Izi nthawi zina zimachitika chifukwa mwiniwakeyo adachedwa ndi dongosolo lake, ndipo nyumba yosungiramo magalimoto, posafuna kuphonya dongosolo, adavomereza ndi chiyembekezo chakuti galimotoyo idzafika kuchokera kunja kwa nthawi yake.
Njira
Kubowola Mbewu
Kuti muwongolere wobzala, muyenera: mnyamata kapena mtsikana wotsogolera akavalo, wantchito amene amayang'anira kutsogolo, ndi wachiwiri wantchito yemwe amayang'anira momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito, ndiye kuti, momwe mbewuyo ikuyendera, kayendedwe ka mbewu, ndi ma coulters.
Wobzala mbatata ndi James Cultas
Amakhala ndi bokosi pamawilo awiri othamanga, ndi makina kumbuyo oponyera mbatata mumizere.
Kohlman ndi Morton mbatata digger
Zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba chokhala ndi mawilo awiri kutsogolo ndi zogwirira ziwiri kumbuyo. Kumbuyo kwa mawilo kumamangiriridwa phirili. Kumbuyo kwa phirili kuli gudumu limodzi lokhala ndi mainchesi akulu, pomwe m'mphepete mwake zala zachitsulo zimamangika, ndikupanga ngodya yolimba kwambiri ndi m'mphepete mwake.
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, mawilo akutsogolo amadzuka, ndiye makinawo, atapita mwakuya mpaka kuya kofunikira, amakweza ndi kutembenuza nthaka ndi ma tubers a mbatata kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi hiller, ndiyeno zotayira zotsatirazi zikuwoneka kuti zimawatengera okha; Ma tubers amatembenuzidwira kunja pogwiritsa ntchito gudumu lozungulira.
Makina opangira feteleza a Chambers system
Amakhala ndi bokosi lomwe feteleza wa mchere amathiridwamo. Pansi pa bokosilo pali gridi yosunthika yomwe imagwedeza feteleza. Kuchokera mu chipinda ichi, feteleza amatengedwa ndi chipangizo chotulutsa. Feteleza amalowa mu bolodi lofalitsa kenako amamwazidwa mmunda.
scooter ya Howard
Zopindulitsa za dongosololi zimayimiridwa makamaka mu chiwerengero chochepa cha antchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito scooter, yomwe imathandizira kunyamula zipangizo za pulawo ya nthunzi kuchokera kumunda kupita ku malo.
Mawu ochepa okhudza zokolola zantchito
Bukhuli lili ndi zambiri zenizeni zothandiza, ndipo pakati pa mizere ndizosavuta kuwerenga za momwe anthu ambiri a ku Russia ankakhala komanso zomwe zokololazo zinapindula.
Kukweza munda
Ndi pulawo ya kavalo mmodzi, wogwira ntchito m'modzi, wokhala ndi ngalande yakuya 2 ½ - 3 ndi m'lifupi mwake 4-5 vershok (mizere 10-12 pamlingo uliwonse), mutha kukweza kuchokera pa 1/3 mpaka 2/5 ya dessiatine.
Khasu la akavalo awiri, wogwira ntchito m'modzi, wokhala ndi ngalande yakuzama mainchesi 6-7 (mizere 7-8 pamlingo) pa dothi: lolemera - kuchokera 2/5 mpaka ½ dessiatine; wapakati ndi wopepuka - kuyambira ½ mpaka 2/5.
Zokolola za pulawo kapena gwape ndizochepa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi pulawo ya hatchi imodzi.
Wolima nthunzi amatha kulima mowirikiza kawiri kuposa khasu. Koma mudzafunika: madalaivala awiri ndi stokers awiri, wolima pulawo ndi othandizira awiri, awiri ogwira ntchito yonyamula madzi ndi ziwiri zopangira mafuta, ziwiri zokonzeranso midadada; kuchokera basi 10 mpaka 14 antchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi pafupifupi mapaundi 20 a malasha pa chakhumi chilichonse.
Feteleza kufalikira
Wogwira ntchito m'modzi akhoza kumwaza manyowa ovunda kwathunthu kuchokera pamangolo 15 mpaka 20 a mawindo a nthunzi, osawola (udzu) manyowa - kuchokera pamangolo 12 mpaka 14, ndi manyowa atsopano - mpaka 10 ngolo. Wogwira ntchito m'modzi amatha kufalitsa feteleza wa mchere kuchokera pa 7 ½ mpaka 8 kotala. Ndi makina awindo la nthunzi, okhala ndi mapaundi 6 m'lifupi, wogwira ntchito mmodzi ndi mnyamata mmodzi, 3 ½ mpaka 4 dessiatines amwazikana.
Tikufika
Mayi mmodzi akhoza kubzala pafupifupi ¼ ya dessiatine ndi mbatata (pansi pa khasu), pafupifupi 1/8 ya dessiatine (300 square fathom) ndi njere za beet, ndi pafupifupi 230 masikweya mita ndi mbande za kabichi. miyeso.
Kukumba
Kukumba mbatata pa dessiatine imodzi kumafuna anthu 40 mpaka 45; kukolola beets (kukumba, kudulira ndi kugwetsa) - kuyambira 30 mpaka 35 anthu.
Mkazi m'modzi, atakumba mbatata ndi khasu kapena zida zina, amatha kusankha mbatata yapakati, ndi zokolola zabwino - kuyambira 3 mpaka 4 kotala, ndi zokolola zapakati - kuyambira 2 mpaka 3, zokolola zoyipa - kuchokera 1 ½ ku 2kota.
Ndi mbatata digger, ndi mahatchi angapo, wogwira ntchito mmodzi, 12-15 akazi, mukhoza kukumba tubers pa 2/3-1 dessiatine; wokumba mbatata wa chipangizo chovuta, ndi wogwira ntchito m'modzi, mnyamata, chiwerengero chomwecho cha akazi ndi akavalo 4, pa 1-1 ½ dessiatinas.
Ndikudabwa kuti mbadwa zathu zidzawona bwanji zomwe zakwaniritsa uinjiniya wamakono waulimi pakatha zaka zana ndi theka?
Olembawo akufuna kuthokoza injiniya wamkulu wa Kampani ya Agrotrade, Sergei Ariskin, chifukwa cha mwayi wokhudza mbiri yakale ndikuthandizira kukonzekera nkhaniyi.