Kuchokera m'magazini No. 3 2014
Gulu: Chigawo
Penza dera Ili ku East European Plain, mkati mwa Volga Upland. Area 43 zikwi masikweya mita. km. Dera la dera kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa ndi 3 km, kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kum'mwera - 330 km.
Derali lili m'mphepete mwa madera atatu achilengedwe: chapakati chernozem, non-chernozem ndi dera louma la Volga.
Chiwerengero cha anthu m'derali, malinga ndi Rosstat, ndi anthu 1, pomwe 360% ndi anthu akumidzi.
Nyengo ndi yocheperako, ndipo nyengo yotentha kwambiri (pafupifupi July kutentha 19-21 ° C) ndi nyengo yozizira (kuchokera -11 ° mpaka -13 ° C). Chikhalidwe chosakhazikika chanyengo ndi mvula: kuchuluka kwapachaka m'derali kumasinthasintha pakati pa 450-500 mm, m'zaka zowuma kumatsika mpaka 350 mm, ndipo m'zaka zamvula kumakwera mpaka 775 mm. Chilala cha masika chimakhala chachilendo, ndipo nyengo yamvula imabwerezedwanso m'chilimwe.
Zachilengedwe komanso nyengo komanso kuthekera kwaulimi kudera la Penza kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zokolola zabwino za mbatata.
Zotsatira zapamwamba
Pazaka zisanu zapitazi, malo omwe amalima mbatata m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba awonjezeka kwambiri: kuchokera pa mahekitala 2,7 mu 2009 mpaka mahekitala 5,0 mu 2013. Mu 2014, mahekitala 5,8 adatengedwa ndi mbatata m'gawo lokonzekera; palimodzi, olima amitundu yonse amayenera kukolola mbatata kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 39,7.
Kukolola mbatata mu 2014 m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba m'chigawo cha Penza kukukonzekera matani 80. Izi ndi zolinga zazikulu za alimi a m'derali. Chifukwa chake mu 2009, zokolola za mbatata muzamalonda zidafika matani 37,3, mu 2013 - matani 45,8.
Panthawi yokonza zinthuzo (pofika pa Ogasiti 27), mabizinesi aulimi amitundu yonse adakolola mbatata kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 24,62, kukumba matani 325,67, zokolola zambiri zinali 132 c/ha.
M'mafamu okonzedwa, mbatata idakololedwa kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 367, matani 4,92 a mbatata adakumbidwa, zokolola zambiri ndi 131 c / ha. Ntchito yokolola mbatata ikupita patsogolo bwino m'maboma a Shemysheysky, Lopatinsky, Vadinsky ndi Penza m'chigawo cha Penza.
Mapulogalamu othandizira zigawo
Kukhazikitsa mapulani akulu ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino pakupanga mbatata - izi ndizomwe zimathandizira boma kudzera mu Unduna wa Zaulimi wachigawo.
Chaka chino, monga gawo lothandizira kupanga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba kwa olima alimi kudera la Penza, chithandizo chosagwirizana ndi gawo la zokolola chinaperekedwa mu kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 6 pa hekitala imodzi ya malo ofesedwa, 200% ya mtengo wobwereketsa. imabwezeredwa kwakanthawi kochepa (mpaka 1 chaka) ndi nthawi yayitali (kuyambira 100 mpaka zaka 1 komanso kuyambira zaka 2 mpaka 8) ngongole ndi kubwereketsa.
Pampikisano, ndalama zokwana ma ruble 1,5 miliyoni zimaperekedwa kuti akhazikitse mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono (mafamu) omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga, kusunga, kuyika ndi kukonza mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba mkati mwa dongosolo la "Thandizo kwa alimi oyambira. kwa nthawi ya 2012-2014 ". Chaka chino, anthu asanu ndi anayi omwe atenga nawo mbali pazochitika zamapulogalamu alandila ndalama zokwana ma ruble 1,5 miliyoni pakukula kwa mbatata ndi masamba. Pakadali pano, Unduna wa Zaulimi m'chigawochi walengeza gawo lachiwiri la mpikisano wovomera mafomu oti achite nawo pulogalamu yowunikira dipatimentiyi.
Kuphatikiza apo, chaka chino opanga zaulimi amathandizidwa ndi gawo la mtengo wogula mbewu za mbatata zosankhika pamtengo wa ma ruble 500 pa tani imodzi ya mbewu. Zina mwa ndalama zopangira malo opangira zinthu zimathandizidwanso mkati mwa dongosolo lazachuma lachigawo "Kupanga malo opangira zinthu zomwe cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kulima mbatata, kulima masamba, kulima zipatso ndi zinthu zina zaulimi m'chigawo cha Penza kukukulirakulira. kwa 1-2014. Pulogalamuyi imaperekanso kubwezeredwa kwa 2016% ya ndalama zomanga (zomanganso, zamakono), kugula makina ndi zida zosinthira ndi kusungirako, zida zaukadaulo ndi mizere yopangira ganyu, kukonza, kulongedza ndi kusungirako, zida za firiji, mpweya wabwino komanso kuwongolera nyengo. machitidwe.
Pakalipano, m'dera la Penza m'chigawo cha Belinsky, ntchito yaikulu ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange malo opangira zinthu zopangira, kusunga ndi kugulitsa mbatata ndi JSC Bashmakovsky Bread. Gawo lililonse la malo opangira zinthu ndizovuta kusungirako ndikugulitsapo kale mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba zokhala ndi matani 15, okhala ndi malo osungiramo mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yokhala ndi matani 2,5 iliyonse ndi nyumba yaukadaulo yolumikizira. iwo - nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, momwe mizere yaukadaulo idzakhala yosanja ndikuyika.
Thumba la mbewu
Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, yomwe ili m'mudzi wogwira ntchito wa Lunino, imathandizira kupatsa minda ya mbatata m'derali ndi mbewu. Bungweli lakhala likugwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zoposa 100.
Ogwira ntchito ku PenzNIISH amapatsa ogula mbewu zathanzi zamitundu 21 ya mbatata. Mndandandawu umaphatikizapo mitundu yoyambirira (Zhukovsky oyambirira, Zhigulevsky, Darenka, Vineta, Penza skorospelka, Utenok, Udacha, Bullfinch); m'ma oyambirira (Svitanok Kyiv, Ramsay, Russian Souvenir, Skazka); pakati pa nyengo (Roko); mkatikati mochedwa (Lorch).
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa, Sante, Valiza, Golubizna, Malinovka, Master, Petersburgsky, Nikulinsky, Tescha, Batya, Bryansk delicacy imapezekanso. Mitundu yonse imasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri, kukana matenda, komanso kuwonetsa bwino kwambiri.
Zogulitsa zokolola
Ponena za kugulitsa mbatata, ndiyenera kudziwa kuti nkhani yofunikayi ikuthetsedwa ndi unduna wa zamalimidwe wamba. Misonkhano yogwira ntchito imachitika nthawi zonse ndi opanga ulimi ndi oimira maunyolo ogulitsa. Masiku ano pali chotsatira: mbatata za m'deralo zafika m'masitolo ogulitsa. Ichi ndi sitepe yaikulu kwa opanga m'deralo ndi zotsatira zabwino za ntchito mwadongosolo, lonse la Boma la Penza Region.
M'derali, pali kuwonjezeka kwapachaka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mabizinesi amitundu yonse ndi opanga zinthu za Penza. Kuphatikiza apo, Unduna wa Zaulimi ukuwerenga nkhani yopanga "ngodya za alimi" m'maketani ogulitsa, omwe adzapereka zinthu zoteteza zachilengedwe kuchokera kwa opanga am'deralo pamitengo yotsika mtengo, titero, "kuchokera kumunda kupita kumunda."
Kugulitsa mbatata ya Penza ya mbewu yatsopano, yomwe idakula m'chigawo cha Penza, idayamba m'masitolo a Trade Union "Shop of my district". Iwo amakhutitsidwa ndi khalidwe la mbatata ndipo akuyembekezera kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano. Pogulitsa, mbatata zimagulitsidwa pamtengo wa ma ruble 12. 90 makapu pa 1kg.
Titha kunena mosabisa kuti dera la Penza limatha kupatsa anthu amderali mbatata zapamwamba; kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi weniweni wopereka mbewu zochulukirapo ku Russia konse.
Masiku ano, poganizira zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wa ndale ndi zachuma, tikhoza kunena kuti njira zapadera zachuma zomwe zimayambitsidwa pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo cha dziko chitetezedwe ndi kuteteza zofuna za dziko, kuphatikizapo chakudya. Zilango zomwe zaperekedwazi zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwa alimi. Pazaka zapitazi, nyumba yathu yamafakitale yakhala ikuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu pakupanga zinthu zaulimi; mwayi watsopano, choyamba, udzatsegukira kwa omwe alimi akunyumba, kuphatikiza Penza; msika wazakudya udzadzazidwa ndi zatsopano zathu. , zakudya zamtengo wapatali, zomwe, monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito zimasonyezera, kwa nzika zathu zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuposa zakunja.
Nkhaniyi idakonzedwa ndi atolankhani a Ministry of Agriculture of the Penza Region