Dera la republic: 25 679 km2.
Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1 506 446 anthu, omwe 78,98% ndiomwe amakhala m'mizinda.
Kudera: derali lili pakatikati pa East European Plain. Malire: kumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa - ndi dera la Lipetsk, kumwera chakumadzulo - ndi dera la Oryol, kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo - ndi dera la Kaluga, kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa - ndi dera la Moscow, kum'mawa - ndi dera la Ryazan ...
Nyengo: mozungulira kontrakitala, wodziwika nyengo yozizira yozizira komanso yotentha. Avereji ya kutentha kwa pachaka imakhala kuyambira +4 mpaka +5 madigiri. Kutentha kwapakati mu Januware kumachokera -9 mpaka -12 madigiri, mu Julayi kuchokera ku +18 mpaka +22 madigiri. Kutalika kwa nyengo ndi kutentha kwabwino ndi masiku 220-225. Mvumbi imagawidwa mofanana m'chigawochi. Ambiri a iwo ali kumpoto chakumadzulo madera (575 mm), ang'onoang'ono - kum'mwera chakum'mawa (470 mm). Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu amvula yonse mderali limalembedwa miyezi yachilimwe, makamaka mu Julayi. Munthawi yopanda chisanu, 70% yamvula yamvula imagwa. Pakutha nyengo yachisanu, kukula kwa chipale chofewa kumafikira 0,3-0,7 m, dothi limazizira mpaka 0,6-0,9 m.
Thandizo: lathyathyathya komanso lamapiri. Mitundu yayikulu pano ndi zigwa ndi mitsinje.
Nthaka: soddy-podzolic kumpoto chakumadzulo, dothi la imvi m'chigawo chapakati, lowonongera ndikulemba ma chernozems kumwera.
Malo olima: 1740 ha kapena 68% ya malo onse m'derali. Malo olimapo amakhala 1465 ha (84% ya minda).
Nyuzipepala ya "Potato System" idalankhulapo kale za momwe mbatata zimakhalira m'chigawo cha Tula, koma zidabwelera mchaka cha 2009. Kenako tidalemba zakutsitsimula kwa makampani mdera. Masiku ano, dera la Tula ndilolimba mtima pakati pa atsogoleri popanga mbatata ku Russia, minda yayikulu kwambiri ya Tula imakhala ndi mizere yambiri potuta ndi zipatso zambiri, ndipo tili ndi chitsimikizo kuti zomwe akumana nazo ndizosangalatsa kwa alimi onse a mbatata aku Russia.
Kukula kwa mbatata ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zikukula m'dera la Tula, kukula kwake kumathandizidwa ndikuyandikira pafupi ndi likulu, nyengo ndi nthaka.
Zogulitsa paminda ya Tula zakhala zikufunidwa nthawi zonse osati ku Moscow kokha, komanso kumadera ena adzikoli. Koma nthawi ya perestroika adasintha zosintha za opanga ulimi ku Tula: malowa adachepetsedwa chaka ndi chaka, ukadaulo wobzala udasokonekera. Zotsatira zake, zotsatira zake zidasilira. Mwa ena opanga kwa nthawi yayitali adakhalabe mafamu achinsinsi komanso okhala chilimwe.
Koma pazaka zingapo zapitazi, mkhalidwe wamakampani a mbatata wasintha kwambiri. Madera omwe anali pansi pa mbatata adakula pafupifupi mahekitala 50, pomwe magawo azigawo za alimi ndi mabanja a anthu wamba (alimi) adakula kwambiri. Masiku ano, malo omwe ali pansi pa mbatata m'gulu ili la mafamu wafika pafupi mahekitala 20. Kupitilira apo, minda yopitilira mbatata yomwe ili ndi zida zamakono zothirira, matekinoloje azaulimi atukuka, minda yolima mbatata yazokulitsa.
Mu 2015, matani opitilira miliyoni miliyoni adatengedwa m'minda ya Tula. Chifukwa cha chizindikirochi, dera la Tula lalimbika m'malo achitatu m'chigawo cha Central Federal, pomwe derali lili m'malo oyamba pakukula kwa zokolola. Zokolola za mbatata mu 2015 ndizodziwika bwino mdera la Tula pazaka 20 zapitazi.
Zopereka zazikuluzikulu pazomera zonse zinapangidwa ndi Maxim Gorky LLC (zokolola zinali 423 kg / ha), Kimovskiye Prostory LLC (380 kg / ha), famu ya Manuk Avetisyan (350 kg / ha), Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC (295 kg / ha).
Mavuto azanyengo, omwe nthawi zambiri amakula munthawi yakucha mbatata, amathandizira kusintha kwa olima mbatata a Tula kukhala matekinoloje amakono oteteza chomera komanso kuyambitsa makina othirira. Anthu okhala m'mizinda ya Tula amakonda mitundu yopitilira zipatso ndi ma hybrids onsewa osankhidwa ndi kutumizidwa kunja, mwachitsanzo achi Dutch.
Opanga mbatata zazikulu amakhala ndi malo oyambira komanso otsogola m'minda yawo. Izi zimatipatsa mwayi wopezera "buledi wachiwiri" kumaketoni akuluakulu, otsukidwa ndikunyamulidwa, kukhutiritsa zosowa za ogula ovuta kwambiri.
Opanga mbatata a Tula ali ndi malo ogulitsa osiyanasiyana. Zikufunika ku Moscow komanso m'chigawo cha Moscow, ku Krasnodar ndi Volgograd, Saratov ndi Nizhny Novgorod, Tver ndi Bryansk, Lipetsk ndi Samara, Ryazan ndi St. Petersburg, Rostov ndi Perm, komanso kumadera ena a dzikolo.
Wopanga wamkulu kwambiri m'deralo, LLC Maxim Gorky, amasinthira mbatata zophatikizidwa ndi mbatata. Izi zimaperekedwa kumadera osiyanasiyana amdzikoli, komanso ku Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, komanso Poland, Chile ndi China.
Ngati tizingolankhula za thandizo la boma kwa alimi a mbatata, ndiye kuti akupezeka njira zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa olima ena alimi. Pakati pawo: chithandizo chosagwirizana pakubzala mbewu pa hekitala iliyonse yofesedwa, kubwezerera gawo la ndalama zogulira mbewu zapamwamba, chiwongola dzanja chochepa komanso pangongole zogulitsa, thandizo la inshuwaransi yaulimi.
Kuphatikiza apo, boma lachigawo ndilokonzeka kukhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothandizira minda yoyambira mumsikawu. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala ndi zotsatira! Ndipo alipo kale. Sizachabe kuti kupambana kwa agulari a Tula pakulima mbatata kunadziwika ndi Federal Ministry of Agriculture ku All-Russian Agronomical Assembly yomwe idachitika pa Januware 27, 2016.
Maxim Gorky LLC
Famuyi yapadera kwambiri pakupanga mbatata kwazaka zopitilira 15. Ndi gawo la National Land Company.
Mu 2011, kampani idatsegula malo owerengera mbatata. Mphamvu zomwe zilipo zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga matani 800 a phala pamwezi, pafupifupi matani 7 pachaka.
Zogulitsa zam'mafamu zimaperekedwa ku Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, China, Israel.
Lero, ntchito zazikulu za Maxim Gorky LLC ndi:
- Kupanga mbatata ndi tirigu;
- Kutsuka mbatata ndi kulongedza;
- Mbatata kukonza.
Kampaniyo imapanga mahekitala pafupifupi 50 a malo (gawo lake lili kumadera a Bryansk ndi Kaluga), gawo lalikulu la mbatata limalimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zothirira. Famuyo ili ndi zovuta kwambiri ku Russia ndi matani 130 osunga mbatata.
FANIZO WABWINO KWAMBIRI "ZHAK" (MUTU KFH MANUK ZHULYEVICH AVETISYAN)
Famuyi idakhazikitsidwa mu 2004. Kenako mahekitala 40 a malo olimidwa anagawidwa kwa iwo, lero dera lamalo ndi mahekitala 11. Malo ofunika pantchito zachuma ndikulima mbatata (chakudya ndi mbewu). Mitundu yayikulu: Gala, Impala, Zhukovsky, Colette, Natasha, Labella, Picasso, Red Scarlett, Roco, Romano, Sante, Luck.
Mu 2015, famuyo idatulutsa chinyumba chamakono chothirira, chachikulu kwambiri m'chigawochi, chomwe chili ndi malo othirira a mahekitala 1100.
Kuphatikiza pa mbatata, famuyo imalima kabichi, beets, tirigu, mkaka ndi nyama. Kuchulukitsa kwapachaka ndi matani 90 a mbatata, matani zikwi 10 za zokolola, matani 6 a mkaka, matani 200 a nyama. Kupanga kwaulimi kumalemba pafupifupi 200 antchito. Pafupifupi 70% yama voliyumu amasungidwa m'malo athu osungira. Malo osungiramo zinthu ali ndi zida zamakono zaukadaulo zopangidwa ku Europe, kuphatikiza makina omata. Kuchuluka kwa mbatata za patebulo kumaperekedwa kumasitolo ogulitsa.
LLC "BOGORODITSKY ALLIANCE"
Kampaniyo idakhazikitsidwa ku 2008 pamaziko a minda iwiri: SPK "Voskhod" ndi "iwo. Lenin "ndipo kuyambira pamenepo ndi gawo limodzi la Malino Gulu la Makampani. Malo obzalidwa mchaka choyamba anali 3400 ha. Kuyambira 2009, mothandizidwa ndiulimi wa Malino, limodzi ndi Frito Lay Manufacturing, yomwe imatulutsa tchipisi cha Lay, famuyo yabzala mahekitala 130 a tchipisi totsatirapo mwa mitundu iyi: Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Hermes, Saturn. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mbatata idakhala mbewu yayikulu pafamupo.
Mu 2011, malo obzala mbatata adakula kufika 430 ha, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitundu yolimidwa kudakulirakulira.
Mu 2014, famuyo idadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa atsogoleri omwe amapanga bwino kwambiri mbatata zamphika, ndikupanga 70% ya mbatata za mbewu zonse zomwe zimalimidwa m'chigawo cha Tula. M'ngululu ya 2014, kampani idapereka mbatata za mbewu kumafamu akulu ndi ang'ono 60 kudutsa dzikolo kuchokera kumwera kupita kumapiri a Ural.
Podzafika chaka cha 2015, maphatikizo asanu ndi anayi a mbatata okhala ndi zida zamagetsi apamwamba kwambiri, ma firiji, ndi makina oyendetsa okha, adakhazikitsidwa m'gawo la famuyo.
Masiku ano, malo onse olima amafika mpaka mahekitala 7000. Famuyo amagwira ntchito yolima mbatata zapamwamba kwambiri, mbewu ndi mbewu zamafuta.
Mu 2016, famuyo idzagulitsa mitundu ya mbatata za Dutch ndi Germany za mbatata: Red Scarlett, Impala, Gala, Nevsky, Vega, Molly, Picasso, Riviera, Sifra, Roco, Innovator, Hermes, Lady Claire, Newton, Lady Rosetta, Colomba ndi kukondana.
LLC "KIMOVSKY SPACES"
Inakhazikitsidwa mu 2007. Famuyi ndi kagawidwe kamakampani a Malino Gulu la Makampani. Ntchito yayikulu ndikupanga mbewu. Pa dothi loyera mwachilengedwe, 280 km kuchokera ku Moscow, famuyo imatulutsa tirigu wachisanu ndi masika, kugaya ndi kudyetsa balere, rapeseed, soya, kaloti ndi mbatata (mitundu ya Hermes, Courage, Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Saturn). Bungweli limalima mahekitala zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Chidwi chachikulu mu "malo otseguka a Kimovskie" chimaperekedwa kwa tchipisi zokulira mbatata. Dera lokhalamo mahekitala 400 lidayikiridwapo. Patsamba lino, zida zothirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Famuyo ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zamakono yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wopanga 80% yazinthu zopangidwa, komanso malo opangira zida okhala ndi mizere yosamba, kupukutira ndi kulongedza kaloti ndi mbatata. Bizinesi imatha kutumiza mpaka matani 180 a zinthu patsiku.
Kuchuluka kwa mbatata yomwe imapangidwa imaperekedwa ku fakitale ya Kashirsky chip Frito Lay Production (50%).
Zida zakonzedwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi waku Tula