Malo: 314,4 masauzande mita km
Anthu: Anthu 1 miliyoni 47
Malo: Dera lake lili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Western Siberia. Imadutsa kumadera a Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug ndi Krasnoyarsk Territory. Kuphatikizidwa ku Siberian Federal District
Nyengo kotukuka pang'ono. Kutentha kwapakati pa Julayi ndi +18 C, mu Januware -19,2 C.
Chithandizo: mosabisa, chithaphwi kwambiri. Dera la Tomsk ndi gawo la zochitika zachilengedwe padziko lapansi - swampiness ya West Siberia Plain. Kulibe kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi kumene kuli kufalikira kwamadambo ndi nkhalango zam'madzi monga m'dera lino. Gawo lalikulu la dera la Tomsk limakhala ndi nkhalango (pafupifupi 51% ya gawoli), nthawi zambiri kumakhala madzi, komanso madambo (pafupifupi 31%), kuphatikiza zigamba za peat. Peat yomwe ikuluikulu yoposa masentimita 80 imakhala pafupifupi 24% ya dera lachigawochi. Njira zomwe zikupitilira zimakhudza madera akuluakulu amchigawochi, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwina, amakula ndi mahekitala 1800 pachaka.
Nthaka: automorphic, semi-hydromorphic ndi hydromorphic. Wodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa hydromorphism, chifukwa cha gawo la boggy, ndi zigawo zakumwera - ndi kuzizira kwamphamvu ndikuchepetsa nthaka. Zina mwazinthu zina, ziyenera kudziwika: kupezeka kwa malo achiwiri a humus mu sod-podzolic ndi imvi nkhalango dothi; kupezeka kwa ortsands panthaka yopepuka; kutentha kwa nthaka.
Malo azaulimi: Mahekitala 1,2 miliyoni, omwe nthaka yolimapo - mahekitala 676. Kuperekedwa kwa malo olimapo mdera la Tomsk ndi amodzi mwamalo otsika kwambiri m'chigawo cha West Siberia, pamunthu - mahekitala 0,65. Poyerekeza, m'chigawo cha Altai pali mahekitala 2,64 a malo olimapo mwa aliyense wokhala, m'chigawo cha Novosibirsk - mahekitala 1,36, m'chigawo cha Omsk - mahekitala 2,0. Avereji ya Chigawo cha Federal Siberia ndi mahekitala 1,15.
SEASON 2018. KUKULA NDI KUKULA KWA YIELD
Mbatata mu zakudya za anthu amatenga malo achiwiri pambuyo pa mkate. Anzanu a dera la Tomsk, monganso madera ena ambiri a Russia, amalemekeza kwambiri chikhalidwechi.
Dera la Tomsk lakhala likuwoneka kuti ndi imodzi mwazizindikiro zokulitsa mbatata ku Siberia. Ngakhale kuli nyengo yovuta kwambiri, dothi lambiri lambiri, namsongole ndi tizirombo, alimi a mbatata a Tomsk ndi obereketsa amapeza zotsatira zabwino.
Pafupifupi zokolola za mbatata m'derali ndi ma centre 190 pa hekitala, koma atsogoleri, mwachitsanzo, chomera chosungira cha Zavarzinsky, amalandila mpaka 400 centres pa hekitala, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zopanga zasayansi zamakono, mitundu yolonjeza komanso kutsatira kwambiri ukadaulo. Pakutha kwa 2017, zokolola zazikulu za mbatata m'derali zidaposa matani 33.
DZIWANI Phindu la kupanga mbatata mu 2017 ku Tomsk Region lidaposa 17,5%.
Malinga ndi dipatimenti ya Social and Economic Development of the Village of the Tomsk Region, mu 2018 malo olimidwa pansi pa mbatata m'mabungwe azaulimi, minda ndi ochita mabizinesi payokha amaposa mahekitala 1,5, kapena 17,5% ya mbewu zonse.
Malinga ndi nthambi yowerengera zaka, opanga mbatata zazikulu kwambiri ku Tomsk Region ndi malo ogulitsa anthu, komwe mu 2018 mbatata zidabzalidwa pa malo opitilira mahekita 7.
DZIKO LOPHUNZITSA MAFakitale
Mu 2018, Dipatimenti Yachitukuko ndi Chuma cha Village of the Tomsk Region idayamba kugwira ntchito ndi olemba anzawo ntchito komanso mabungwe azaulimi pakupanga maluso aposachedwa ofunikira akatswiri achichepere pamaofesi azachuma. Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri paulimi - agronomy.
Pamaziko a maphunziro apamwamba, akatswiri a zaulimi m'minda yamagawo a Tomsk adaphunzitsidwa kwa zaka 25 ndi department of Agronomy and Technology and Processing of Agricultural Products of the Tomsk Agricultural Institute, nthambi ya NSAU. Mu 2018, ophunzira 115 akuphunzira kumeneko. Kutulutsidwa komaliza kunachitika mu 2016, lotsatira kudzakhala mu 2019. Ndondomeko yakulembetsa kwa 2019 ndi ophunzira a 20 anthawi zonse komanso 30 ophunzira anthawi yayitali.
Mwa opambana kuyunivesite ndi akatswiri agronomists oyang'anira madera ndi malo akuluakulu azaulimi, komanso atsogoleri aminda.
KUKONZEDWA KWA ZINTHU ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI
Pakadali pano, dera la Tomsk limadzipatsa yekha mbatata pa 130-140%. Ichi ndichikhalidwe chofunikira m'derali, chomwe chili chachiwiri kokha chifukwa cha tirigu wofunikira.
Chifukwa chake, OOO Kolpakov, famu yotsogola yotsogola mdera la Tomsk, yopanga matani opitilira 5 zikwi za zinthu pachaka, ikukonzekera kumanga yosungira mbatata yokhala ndi matani zikwi 2019 kumapeto kwa 2,5. Pakumanga, matekinoloje a modular adzagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe pamapeto pake adzawonjezera mphamvu yosungira mpaka matani zikwi 8 zamasamba ndi mbatata pachaka. Chifukwa chake, famuyo izitha kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito malonda ku Tomsk chaka chonse ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri pakupanga kwanuko.
ZOCHITITSA ZAZOLEKA
Ma famu 33 (mabizinesi 8 aulimi ndi mafamu 25 a anthu wamba) akugwira ntchito yopanga mbatata m'bomali, 16 mwa iwo akupezeka m'chigawo cha Tomsk. Mabizinesi atatu ali ndi mwayi wobzala mbewu (wogwira ntchito mwa mtundu wa "apamwamba-osankhika", "osankhika apamwamba" ndi "osankhika"), omwe amapereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri kubzala osati ku mabizinesi awo okha, komanso kwa ogwira nawo ntchito.
Zotsatira zazikulu muzochita zawo zimatheka ndi mabizinesi a LLC Kolpakov, Favorit, kampani yolima Zorkaltsevskaya, Zarechnoye, alimi a Mikhail Kolpakov ndi Vyachedlav Rychko ndi ena.
Mafamu akulu akulu a mbatata amapezeka m'malo a Shegarsky ndi kumpoto kwa Kolpashevsky. Chigawo cha Kolpashevsky chikufanana ndi zigawo za Far North, kapena ulimi wambiri, koma ngakhale pamenepo opanga ulimi adaphunzira kututa zokolola zambiri.
Kusankha ndi KUGWIRA
Kumpoto kwa chigawochi kuli magawo oyesera a dipatimenti yoyesera ya Narym ya Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture ndi Peat ya nthambi ya Siberian Science Science Center for Science Science ya Russian Academy of Science. Asayansi a gawoli kwa zaka zoposa 70 (kuweta mbatata kwakhala kukuchitika kuyambira 1938, ndipo adayamba kuphunzira zaulimi kuyambira 1912) akusintha umisiri ndi njira zopangira mbatata pofuna kuziteteza kumatenda.
Kusankha kumachitika m'munda wamunda wa mbewu khumi pamsika wamchenga wapakatikati wa sod-podzolic yokhala ndi chonde chochepa.
M'malo opangira nthambiyi, ntchito yopanga mbewu yayambitsidwa. Kupanga mbewu zoyambirira kumachitika malinga ndi chiwembu cha zaka zinayi: chaka choyamba - kusankha mbeu zoyambirira; Chaka XNUMX - Kuyesa kwamitundu XNUMX; Chaka XNUMX - Chiyeso chazithunzi chachiwiri; Chaka chachinayi - nazale zapamwamba kwambiri. Mabungwe azolimo amapatsidwa mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: Pamyati Rogachev, Solnechny, Yubilyar, Yugan, Sarovskiy.
Mtsogolomo, pamaziko a dipatimenti ya Narym ya Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, lakonzedwa kuti apange maziko olimbikitsira masankhidwe ndi kupanga mbewu popanga mbatata, wokhoza kupereka minda yapamwamba ya Siberia ndi mbewu zanyumba. Bungweli lakhazikitsa kale ena amakono aeroponic, ndikuthandizira njira yopangira mitundu kangapo. Matekinoloje omwe kituo chamtsogolo adzagwiritse ntchito sangalolere kubereka, kupatula matenda a tubers omwe ali ndi ma virus nthawi iliyonse, komanso kupanga ma minitubers opanda nthaka chaka chonse.
Mapasa
Asayansi a Dipatimenti ya Narym ya Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat apanga mitundu iyi ya mbatata: Narymsky koyambirira (1961), Kolpashevsky (1966), Ideal (1967), Priobsky (1972), Narymka (1989), Yanga (1997), Tomich (1998), Nakra (2000), pokumbukira Rogachev ndi Antonin (2005), Sunny (2006), Ketsky (2008), Yubilyar (2009), Yugana (2011), Sarovsky (2014). Kwenikweni, mitundu yonseyi imaphatikizidwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements yovomerezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku Russian Federation. Komanso, asayansi a sukuluyi ndi omwe amalemba nawo mitundu: Narymchanin (Polesskiy - 36), Amayi ndipo adapangidwa, koma osati mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Krasa Naryma, Taezhnik, Venus, Chaya, Belukha.
Zosankha zamtundu wa Tomsk zimagwirizana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukoma kwabwino komanso kwabwino, komanso kuphatikizika kwa zizindikiro zina zabwino.
Mitundu yoyambirira (Priobsky, Antonina, Yubilyar, Sarovsky) amapanga zokolola pamsika wa 15-20 t / ha patsiku la 60 pambuyo pomera. Mitundu ya Ketsky, Solnechny, Pamyati Rogachev, Antonina imadziwika ndi zokolola zochuluka (50-60 t / ha ndi zina), koma imasonkhanitsa zokolola zazikulu mtsogolo. Mitundu ya Nakra, Pamyati Rogacheva, Solnechny, Yugan ndi mitundu yoyambirira ya Sarovsky imatha kuchuluka kwa 23% kapena kupitilira apo. Mitundu ya mbatata Tomich, Ketsky ndi Solnechny ndioyenera kupanga tchipisi, Antonina - yozizira kwambiri, Yugan - popanga batala la ku France.
Pakadali pano, ntchito ya kubzala mbatata mu dipatimenti ya Narym ku SibNIISHKhiT imakhala muulimi wamtundu wakale wobala zipatso kwambiri womwe umatha kupsa mwachangu nyengo yochepa yophukira pamunsi kutentha kwaposachedwa, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, tokhala ndi zizindikiro zazikulu za tuber. Pakadali pano, mitundu yofiirira-yokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino ngakhale kwambiri ya tuber ndiyofunika kwambiri.
TOMSK MBATU LATSIKU
Kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, derali lakhala likuchita zachilimwe - chigawo "Chikondwerero cha mbatata". Chaka chilichonse zimakhala zokulirapo. Mu 2017, pafupifupi zikwi zisanu okhala ku Tomsk ndi alendo amzindawu adapezeka pamwambowu, omwe adalandira matani 110 a mbatata. Mitundu yambiri ya mbatata imaperekedwa pachilichonse ndi omwe amatenga nawo mbali nthawi zonse - Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat - nthambi ya SFNTSA RAS.
Pa tchuthi, mpikisano wothira mbatata yayikulu kwambiri umachitika pachaka. Mu 2017, ma tubers-heavyweights ampikisano adaperekedwa ndi okhala ku Asinovsky, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Tomsk, Shegarsky, Chainsky. Malinga ndi zotsatira zakulemera kwake, tuber yolemera magalamu 1330, yomwe idakulira pamtunda wa Molchanov, idalandira dzina la "Mbatata ya Bogatyr".
TOMSKY ZEMLE - MBATU ZACHINYAMATA!
Dipatimenti ya Narym ya Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat mumzinda wa Kolpashevo, Tomsk Region, yakhala ikugwira ntchito yolima mbatata zachikuda pafupifupi zaka 10.
Asayansi adakwanitsa kale kuti atenge ma tubers of utoto, wa bluu-violet, komanso maluwa ofiira (sikuti ndi penti yokha yopakidwa utoto, komanso thupi). Malinga ndi obereketsa, mbatata zili ndi antioxidants ambiri. Komabe, pakadali pano, mitunduyi inali isanalembetsedwe, chifukwa chake imangokhala m'mabwalo azokha. Kupanga mafakitale kudzatheka pokhapokha poyesa.
TSIKU LAMANJA 2018: CHIGAWO CHACHITATU
Mothandizidwa ndi msonkhano wamasiku atatu agro-industrial forum "Field Day-2018" mdera la Tomsk, tsiku lonse lidaperekedwa pakupanga mbatata yomwe ikukula. Pamaziko a OOO Kolpakov mdera la Tomsk - mtsogoleri wazigawo pakupanga mbatata - semina yophunzitsira "Mbatata ku Siberia: luso lakulima ndi chiyembekezo chachitukuko" chidachitika. Mwambowu udasonkhanitsa asayansi pafupifupi 50, obzala mbewu, alimi a mbatata ochokera ku Moscow, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk ndi Tomsk.
Mtsogoleri wa kampaniyi Denis Kolpakov anali ndi chiwonetsero cha zida zamakono zokulitsa mbatata, zomwe pali magawo 40 pa famuyo. Mathirakitala othandiza a John Deer, a Lemken omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolimilira, Grimme mbatata zovuta, ndi zina zambiri amagwira ntchito kumunda. - mayankho onse aluso ndi luso laukadaulo waulimi, zomwe zimalola kuti famuyo igwire ntchito molondola komanso munthawi yake. Omwe atenga nawo mbali pamsonkhanowu adawonetsedwa mizere amakono yokonzekera mbatata isanagulitsidwe (kulongedza mu thumba la 2,5 makilogalamu komanso kulongedza koyambirira kopangidwa ndi nsalu za combi;
Chidwi chapadera cha obzala mbewu ndi alimi a mbatata chidadzutsidwa pakuwunika minda yolima mbatata, komwe masiku ano mitundu yonse ya zoweta - Kemerovochanin, Tuleevsky - ndi akunja zimalimidwa (koyamba chaka chino, kubzala kuyesa mitundu ya mbatata ya Germany Seed Alliance adayikidwa).
"Tinayang'ana m'minda ya famu ya Kolpakov LLC ndipo tinachita chidwi kwambiri," anatero Anastasia Borovkova, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya mbatata ya Germany Seed Alliance (Moscow). - Matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito, kuyambira kulima mpaka kudzitchinjiriza, - pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Poganizira nyengo yovuta komanso nyengo yayifupi yolima, zokolola za mbatata za anthu 220 omwe akwaniritsidwa pafamuyi ndiyeneranso ulemu.
Omwe anali nawo pamsonkhanowu adadziwitsidwanso za Laboratory of Biotechnological Methods of Breeding and Seed Production ya Zomera Zaulimi ku Siberia Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat - nthambi ya SFSCA RAS m'mudzi wa Bogashevo, komwe kafukufuku wamakono akuchitidwa kuti apeze minitubers wathanzi wa mbatata pogwiritsa ntchito microcloning.