Malo: 83 908 km2.
Anthu: Anthu 1 791 916, omwe 64,04% ndiomwe amakhala m'mizinda.
Malo amalo: Dera la Leningrad lili m'chigawo cha East European Plain. Imadutsa kumpoto ndi Republic of Karelia, kum'mawa - ndi dera la Vologda, kumwera chakum'mawa - ndi dera la Novgorod, kumwera - ndi dera la Pskov, kumadzulo - ndi Estonia komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo - ndi Finland. Kuyambira kumadzulo, gawo la St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad Region limatsukidwa ndi madzi a Gulf of Finland.
Nyengo: Nyanja ya Atlantic. Masewu am'madzi am'madzi amachititsa kuti kuzizira kuzizira pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatentha komanso nyengo yotentha. Kutentha kwapakati pa Januware ndi -11 °, kutentha kwapakati pa Julayi ndi + 17 °. Nyengo yozizira kwambiri imapezeka kumadera akum'mawa, kotentha kwambiri kumwera chakumadzulo. Kuchuluka kwa mvula pachaka ndi 600-800 mm, ndikuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kumagwera pamapiri, ndipo ocheperako - m'zigawo zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mvula imagwa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. M'nyengo yozizira, mvula imagwa ngati chipale chofewa, chivundikirocho chimakhalapo theka lachiwiri la Novembala ndipo chimasowa theka lachiwiri la Epulo. Masiku onse ndi mpweya ndi pafupifupi 290 pafupifupi.
Mpumulo: makamaka yosalala ndi kutalika kwathunthu kwa 50-150 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Koma gawo la Karelian Isthmus limadziwika ndi mpumulo wolimba wokhala ndi nyanja zambiri. Malo okwera kwambiri ndi Phiri la Kivisyurya, lalitali mamita 203.
Nthaka: makamaka podzolic, osauka humus ndipo amadziwika ndi acidity. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pamtunda, m'malo otsika omwe ali ndi chinyezi chowonjezeka, dothi lokhala ndi dothi lokwera kwambiri limapangidwa. Pamiyala yamchenga komanso mchenga womwe sungasunge chinyezi bwino, dothi lofooka limapezeka m'nkhalango za paini. Komwe kumakhala zitsamba zowononga herbaceous, - m'nkhalango zowonongeka, m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zovuta - dothi la sod-podzolic. Miyala yayikulu yopanga nthaka ndi dongo, loams, mchenga ndi peat.
Malo olimapo: Mahekitala 617,6, omwe nthaka yolimapo - mahekitala 360.
Dera la Leningrad, malinga ndi komwe kuli, lili m'dera laulimi wowopsa. Gawoli limadziwika ndi nyengo yovuta (kutsika kwafupipafupi, mvula yambiri) ndi dothi losauka. Zonsezi zimakhala zovuta kuti apange mbatata. Kumbali inayi, nyengo yakumpoto imapangitsa kuti derali likhale labwino pakukula kwa mbewu: lero, makamaka mbatata za mbewu zimabzalidwa ku Dera la Leningrad.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa chaka cha 2017, ku Dera la Leningrad pafupifupi mabizinesi azilimi pafupifupi 50 ndi minda ya anthu wamba agwira ntchito yopanga mbatata pamalo amtunda wa mahekita 4,7.
Mitundu yopitilira 40 ya mbatata imalimidwa mderali, pomwe osachepera 37% amakhala oweta (pafupifupi ku Russian Federation - 25%), 28% ya nambalayi ndi mitundu yaku Russia yopangidwa ndi obereketsa a Leningrad Region.
M'derali, matani 16 a mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala pachaka, kuphatikiza matani 6 miliyoni a zoweta ndi matani 10 zosankhidwa zakunja. Kuchokera kwa mbewu zakunja:
- Matani 0,5 miliyoni (5%) opanga zakunja kwina moyenera;
- Matani 9,5 (95%) opangidwa modzikakamiza ndi mabizinesi am'deralo (matekinoloje opangira mitundu ya mbatata yakunja adalowerera ndipo maufulu a omwe adayambitsa adalandidwa).
Dera la Leningrad ndi amodzi mwa mabungwe khumi a Russian Federation omwe amadziwika ndi Boma la Russian Federation kuti ayendetse ntchito yokwaniritsa pulogalamu yayikulu ya Russia "Kuthandizira kwa asayansi pakupanga thumba lofesa m'nyumba, zinthu zoteteza kumitengo yopangira zinthu zamtundu waulimi zopangidwa ndi opanga aku Russia, komanso pakupanga matekinoloje opangira (kulima) ndikusunga zinthu ngati izi mu 2016."
Kuthekera kotukula mbeu za mbatata ku Leningrad Region ndi zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- nyengo yabwino ya nyengo yamtunduwu (maziko otsika a tizirombo ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mphepo yochokera ku Nyanja ya Baltic m'chilimwe, nthaka yozizira mpaka kuya kwakuya kwa nyengo yozizira bwino;
- kupezeka kwa mabungwe ofufuza;
- wazaka zambiri popanga mbatata za mbewu ndi mabizinesi azolimo m'derali.
Mapasa
Obereketsa a Chigawo cha Leningrad akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apange mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata yaku Russia. Malinga ndi a Nadim Hajiyev, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yopanga ndi kubzala mbewu ku Leningrad Research Institute of Agriculture "Belogorka", mitundu yoweta sikuti imangokhala yotsika poyerekeza ndi akunja, koma m'njira zambiri (mwachitsanzo, pazokolola, kusamalira zachilengedwe) ndikupitilira zopereka zakunja. Mwa zomwe abusa achita posachedwa, Nadim Hajiyev adazindikira mtundu woyamba kwambiri wa Charoite (kukumba koyamba kumatheka patsiku la 45 pambuyo poti kumera. Zokolola zake zimachokera ku 60 t / ha ndipo pamwambapa, mulingo wokwera kwambiri wa pulasitiki - umawonetsa zabwino zaka zonse zowuma ndi zamvula) ndi mitundu yapakatikati yakucha Gusar (zokolola kuchokera ku 60 t / ha ndi zina, kugulitsa 95%, kukana khansa, golide mbatata nematode, matenda amtundu). Charoite akuphatikizidwa mu State Register ya Russian Federation ya North-West Region ku 2014, Gusar - mu State Register ya Russian Federation ya North-West ndi Volga-Vyatka Madera mu 2017.
Tsopano asayansi a Leningrad Science Science Research Institute of Agriculture akukonzekera kumasula mitundu itatu yatsopano yamanja.
KUGWIRITSANSO
Pa akatswiriwa, minda isanu ndi itatu ikugwira ntchito yopanga mbatata m'derali, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa mu pulogalamu yovomerezeka ya Rosselkhoztsentr ndikulowa mu rejista yolumikizana yamafamu olima mbewu a Russian Federation.
M'mafamu atatu mwa asanu ndi atatu ovomerezeka, kupangira mbewu mbatata adakonzedwa ndi njira ya meristem (ZAO Oktyabrskoye, ZAO PZ Prinevskoye ndi OOO Slavyanka M).
Minda iyi ili ndi malo opangira meristem. Mavoliyumu onse opangidwa ndi zidutswa 259 zikwi. microplants ndi ma PC 1,95 miliyoni. minitubers pachaka, zotuluka za apamwamba kwambiri ndi matani 1,8 zikwi pachaka. Kupanga kwa microplants pachaka m'derali ndi 33% (kuchokera ma 776,8 zikwi) ndi minitubers - 19% (kuchokera ku 10478,8 zikwi zikwi) - malo oyamba ndi achiwiri pankhani yopanga ku Russia.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamafamu: Vsevolozhskaya Select station LLC, Semenovodstvo LLC, FSBI Menki nthambi ya API, mbewu yoyambira kupanga mbatata idapangidwa mozungulira. Kupanga kwathunthu kwaopambana kwambiri m'mafamu awa ndi matani 0,56 pachaka.
Kuchuluka kwa osankhidwa bwino kwambiri, omwe amapangidwa m'chigawochi m'njira ziwiri, pafupifupi matani 2,4 pazaka zitatu. Kuphatikiza kwa njira ziwiri zopangira mbewu yayikulu kumapangitsa kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zamitundu mitundu ndikubzala mbewu za mbatata pamlingo wambiri.
Dera la Leningrad, poganizira zomwe zingatheke, zitha kubzala mbatata za mbewu kawiri kawiri pazomwe zikufunika ku Russia m'magulu ena a Russia, potenga mbatata yakugulitsa mbewu kuchokera ku mayiko a EU.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi matani 8 zikwi za mbatata zimagulitsidwa chaka chilichonse m'derali, kuphatikiza matani 6 amaperekedwa kunja kwa dera - kumadera 33 a Russian Federation, kuchokera kudera la Arkhangelsk kupita ku Republic of Dagestan kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera komanso kuchokera kudera la Kaliningrad kupita ku Sakhalin kumadzulo kummawa.
Dongosolo lomwe lilipoli loti mbewu ipangidwe mbatata limatengera zomwe zimapezeka makamaka m'malo olembetsera masamba. Nthawi yomweyo, mchitidwe unachitika pamene famu imodzi yonse yolumikizira mbeu iphatikizidwa: kupeza magwero apamwamba, mbewu zoyambira ndi osankhika. Mofananamo, kusankha kwa ma clonal kumachitika m'munda, ndipo kusonkhanitsa microplants kumasinthidwa pafupipafupi mwa kuyambitsa malo abwino kwambiri pazoyeserera.
Mu 2017, mabizinesi amchigawo omwe adasungira nyengo yozizira matani zikwi 21,6 za mbatata - 119% mpaka mulingo wa 2016 ndi 210% pakufunika kofesa kasupe (matani 10,2 zikwi).
MALO OGULITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA
Kudera la Leningrad, makina opanga adapangidwa pang'onopang'ono popanga mbewu za mbatata. Ubwino wa microplants umayang'aniridwa ndi njira yolondola kwambiri ya PCR, pamlingo wa DNA. Pa siteji ya gwero (microplants) ndi mbewu zoyambirira, ELISA imachitidwa. M'mundawu, zida zonse zamatekinoloje zimayendetsedwa molimbika, ndipo makina azitsimikiziro a Grimme amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala, kusamalira, kutola mbatata ndikuziyika kuti zizisungika.
ZINTHANDIZO ZOTHANDIZA
Popewa kudalira pa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya mbatata yosankhidwa kwina, malingaliro amchigawochi popanga mbewu za mbatata cholinga chake ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata yokhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito bwino opangira mafakitale, ndikupanga magawo abwino opangira mbewu zoyambira, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti azitulutsa.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa mapulani othandizira asayansi ndiukadaulo pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaulimi mderali, Council of Coordination yakhazikitsidwa m'boma la Leningrad Region.
Mu 2016, lingaliro (pulani) yothandizira zasayansi ndiukadaulo pokonza mbatata yomwe imakula m'chigawo cha Leningrad idapangidwa. Dongosolo ili silikupereka mwayi wokhazikitsa malo osankhidwa ndi mbewu zokulira mbewu m'derali. Kukula kwa mbatata zomwe zikukula kudzachitika mukulingalira zaukadaulo womwe ungachitike komanso momwe alimi angapangire ntchito zokulima mbewu zoyambira ndi osankhika.
Otenga nawo mbali mu Pulogalamu Yotukula Mbatata ku Leningrad Region ndi:
- All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection (kuti akwaniritse ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals zachilengedwe zomwe zimachokera pakukula kwa mbatata);
- Nthambi ya Pushkin ya All-Russian Institute of Plant geneticource yotchedwa N.I. Vavilova (pamaziko a kuyesa kwachilengedwe ndi kwachilengedwe kwa mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata idzachitidwa);
- Federal State Budgetary Science Science Institution "Leningrad Science Science Research Institute of Agriculture" Belogorka "(pofuna kugwira ntchito yopanga mitundu yatsopano yamipikisano ya mbewu);
- Vsevolozhskaya kusankha station LLC (mitundu ya mbatata ya siteshoni ndiyodziwika bwino ndipo ikufunidwa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Nevsky imatenga malo achiwonetsero cha mitundu ya mbatata ku Russian Federation).
- minda yamafesa: CJSC Oktyabrskoye, CJSC PZ Prinevskoye, LLC Slavyanka M, LLC Mbeu Yopanga, Federal State Budget Science Science Institution Menkovsky nthambi ya API (pofuna kubala, kuyesa mafakitale ndikuyambitsa kulonjeza mitundu yazanyumba kuti ipangidwe).
Pofuna kukhazikitsa njira zomwe zingakonzedwe mbatata zomwe zikukula mdera la Leningrad, mapangano amitundu itatu akuyembekezeka pakati pa Boma lachigawo, mabungwe asayansi zaulimi ndi omwe amapanga ulimi.
Kuyambira kuyambira mu 2017, ndalama za bajeti zachigawo mu kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 10 miliyoni zimaperekedwa m'dera lofunikira kuti ntchito ya mbatata ikukula. pachaka kubweza kwa alimi aulimi mwanjira yopereka zothandizira kuchita izi:
- kupeza zida zogulira mbatata,
- kuyambitsa mitundu ya mbatata yopangidwa,
- kupeza kwa kulonjeza zida zama labotale kuti azitha kukonza bwino mbatata zambewu zopanga ndi kupangira ma minicubers pansi paulamuliro.
Kuphatikiza apo, Komitiyi ikuwonetsa kuti Leningrad Region pachaka (mu chaka cha 2016 komanso zaka zingapo motsatira ruble 63 miliyoni) imapereka ndalama kuchokera ku bajeti yachigawo kuti zibwezeretse ndalama kwa alimi omwe azigwiritsa ntchito mbatata yomwe ikulima pogula zida pansi pa gawo la "Tekinoloje ndi ukadaulo , kukhazikitsa kwadongosolo la boma.
Zinthuzi zidakonzedwa ndi atolankhani a Komiti yokhudza ntchito zamakampani ogulitsa ndi asodzi ku dera la Leningrad