Anthu okhala ku Krasnodar ndi ena mwa oyamba ku Russia kuyamba kubzala mbatata ndipo ndi oyamba kukolola. Zikuwoneka kuti izi ziyenera kuwapatsa mwayi waukulu wampikisano pamsika.
Komabe, agrarians a m'derali sagawira mbatata m'mafamu awo udindo wa mbewu yaikulu, sapereka madera akuluakulu ndipo samayembekezera kuti apindule kwambiri chifukwa chogulitsa mbewuyo. za kulima mbatata kuderali.
KUSANKHA MONGA
Kuban imatchedwa nkhokwe yaku Russia, ndipo pakati pa alimi pano simukumana ndi anthu mwachisawawa. Alimi amtundu wa Krasnodar amagwira ntchito padziko lapansi moyo wawo wonse, kupitiriza ntchito ya makolo awo ndi agogo awo. Monga lamulo, mabanja onse amagwira ntchito m'minda yaing'ono, ndipo alimi amaphunzitsa ana awo kulima kusukulu.
Mtsogoleri wa KFH Alexander Onoprienko wakhala akulima mbatata kwa zaka 30, ndipo nyengo iliyonse pafupifupi mahekitala 30-40 amaperekedwa kwa mbewuyi pafamu. Malinga ndi mlimiyu, kulima ndiwo zamasamba ndizomwe zimapindula kwambiri makamaka m’minda ngati mthirira agwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo mbatata imakhala ndi maubwino ena: imatha kukololedwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana (malingana ndi nthawi yakucha), ndipo kukolola sikufuna kugulitsa mwachangu.
Pafamu Yuri Litvyakov, kumene amagwira ntchito yopanga masamba, mbatata amabzalidwa kwa zaka 12 pamalo a mahekitala 70 mpaka 100. Executive Mutu wa KFH Vyacheslav Litvyakov adanena kuti chidwi cha alimi oimira Solanaceae makamaka ndi chifukwa chofuna kukhazikika kwa ogula. Chikhalidwe chimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza zonse zoyamba zotchuka ndi ogula komanso chinthu choyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Mahekitala makumi asanu ndi mbatata amalimidwa Vladimir Kulikamene anathera zaka zoposa 30 pa kulima kwake. Mtsogoleri wa KFH akutsimikiza kuti chikhalidwe nthawi zonse chimakopa alimi ndi mwayi wopeza phindu lokhazikika. Ndipo ngakhale kuti m’zaka zaposachedwapa phindu silili lokwera monga kale, mlimi sasiya ntchito imene yatherapo nthaŵi ndi khama lochuluka. Kupatula apo, izi sizongopeza chabe, koma ntchito, bizinesi yomwe adapereka moyo wake.
Mu KFH Vasily Onishchenko idayamba ndi madera ang'onoang'ono pansi pa mbatata, zomwe zaka 15 zapitazi zawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi mahekitala 200. Malinga ndi woyambitsa chuma Vitaly Kabalin, kulima masamba kumafuna njira yapadera komanso ndalama zazikulu. Kwa bungwe loyenera la bizinesiyo, makina okwera mtengo aulimi ndi mayunitsi, zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zidagulidwa, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zokhala ndi mafiriji zidamangidwa. Ndalama zazikulu zinaperekedwa ku bungwe la ulimi wothirira m'minda. Atapanga ndalama zotere, wolima sangakanenso kugwira ntchito mwanjira yosankhidwa.
KUSINTHA KWA NTHAWI
Chifukwa cha nyengo, alimi a Krasnodar ali ndi mwayi wobzala mbatata kawiri pachaka. Koma pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, si onse amene amagwiritsa ntchito.
Mlimi Vasily Onishchenko chaka chilichonse amatolera mbewu ziwiri zonse. Ndipo ngati chakumapeto kwa chaka chino mbewu m'minda idatenga mahekitala 114, ndiye pakati pa Okutobala mlimi adayamba kukolola mbatata mochedwa kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 170. Alexander Onoprienko amalimanso mahekitala 15-20 okha a mbatata. Mbatata zazing'ono zochedwa zimagulitsa bwino. Ubwino wa katunduyo umakopa ogula, ndipo mpikisano pakati pa ogulitsa ndi wochepa m'dzinja. Koma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa phindu, mlimi sawona chifukwa choonjezera malo pansi pa mbatata.
KFH Yuri Litvyakov zokolola ziwiri sizisonkhanitsidwa chaka chilichonse. Lingaliro lobzalanso mbatata limapangidwa potengera zomwe amafuna kasinthasintha komanso momwe msika umayendera. Nyengo ino, kukolola kwachiwiri kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 20 kukukonzekera kumapeto kwa Okutobala-koyambirira kwa Novembala.
Vladimir Kulik mpaka pano ali ndi mbewu imodzi yokha ya mbatata. Ndikosavuta kukulitsa ulimi kwa alimi omwe ali ndi banja lalikulu ndi ana akuluakulu, kapena ali ndi antchito. Ndipo apa mbali yaikulu ya ntchito pafamuyo imachitidwa ndi mlimi mwiniyo ndi mkazi wake. Mtsogoleri wa famu ya anthu wamba adadzipangira yekha kagawo kakang'ono pamsika, ndikutchinjiriza pa kulima mbatata zoyambilira. Zokolola zonse mumagulu a matani 60-100 zimagulitsidwa mwachindunji kuchokera kumunda mu July, pamene mtengo wogulitsa udakali wokwera.
Pakadali pano, ku Kuban, zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa mitundu yakunja yomwe yadziwonetsa bwino m'derali.
Pafamu Vyacheslav Litvyakov kwa zaka zingapo zotsatizana, Colomba ndi Red Scarlett omwe adayesedwa nthawi yayitali adakula. Nyengo ino, kwa nthawi yoyamba, adayesa kubzala mbatata za Arizona, zomwe zidawonetsanso zotsatira zabwino.
Vitaly Kabalin ananena kuti kampani yake ndi zinachitikira anatha kuzindikira angapo mitundu kuti kusonyeza pazipita zabwino katundu mu nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Colomba ndi Riviera imasankhidwa kubzala koyamba, ndipo Vega, Gala ndi Red Fantasy amasankhidwa yachiwiri.
Malinga ndi Vladimir Kulik, Colomba yakhala mitundu yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa opanga zaulimi kumwera kwa Russia lero. Red Scarlett ndi ena mwa atsogoleri, koma chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwanyengo nthawi zonse kapena chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mbeu zomwe zimalowa m'derali, mitundu iyi imataya malo ake.
Alexander Onoprienko adazindikira kuti mitundu yochedwa ya mbatata sizodziwika ku Kuban. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya, komwe kumakhala m'derali, kumawafooketsa, kuwalepheretsa kukolola mokwanira.
Kuphatikiza apo, poyambira kukolola, mitengo yazinthuzi imatsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga kukhala kopanda phindu. Kuchokera ku mitundu yoyera, mlimi amalima Colomba ndi Riviera. Mbatata zofiira, zomwe zimadetsedwa kumalo otentha, zasiyidwa pano.
KUSANGANA KWA PRICE
Malingana ndi Alexandra Onoprienko, pokolola kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 50, kuyambira 20 okha, mbatata imagulitsidwa pamtengo womwe umatsimikizira phindu lina. Kenako zinthuzo zimakhala zotsika mtengo, ndipo phindu limakhala pafupifupi ziro. Mtengo wa chikhalidwe ukuwonjezeka nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa mbewu. Chiyembekezo chonse cha alimi ndi pamtengo wokwanira pazogulitsa zawo, koma mu 2022 sizinachitike. Gawo lalikulu la zokolola za famuyo linapita ku ma ruble 13 pa kilogalamu, ndipo m'misika ya Moscow idagulitsidwa nthawi 4-5 zodula. Zikuoneka kuti phindu lonse limakhalabe m'matumba a amalonda, ndipo opanga akugwira ntchito pamphepete mwa kupulumuka.
Kuonjezera mavuto ndi kukwera kwambiri mitengo ya feteleza ndi mafuta ndi mafuta. Vladimir Kulik adakumbukira kuti chaka chapitacho, mtengo wamafuta ndi mafuta kwa opanga zaulimi unali wotsika ndi 15-20 peresenti poyerekeza ndi malo opangira mafuta. Koma masiku ano n’kopindulitsa kwambiri kuti mlimi aziyendetsa thirakitala kupita kumalo osungira mafuta okhazikika n’kudzaza m’thanki yamafuta kumeneko, osati kugula mafuta ambiri.
Bwererani pazachuma, malinga ndi zowonera Vyacheslav Litvyakov, sunganeneretu molondola. Zinachitika kuti famu ya mbatata idagwira ntchito mpaka zero, ndipo m'zaka zina phindu lidafika 20-30 ndipo ngakhale 100 peresenti. Nyengo ino, pamene zonse zakwera mtengo, kupatula mbatata, alimi ambiri a Kuban achitapo kanthu. Litvyakov banja anatha kupewa mavuto aakulu chifukwa airbag ndalama. Koma zaka zingapo zofanana, ndipo makapisozi a alimi olemera kwambiri adzakhala opanda kanthu.
Mu ulimi, ndithudi Vitaly Kabalin, sikuti zonse zimatengera wamba. Ntchito yake ndi zoyesayesa zake zimatsimikizira 50 peresenti ya chipambano, zina zonse zimasankhidwa ndi zochitika zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, nyengo inalephera, kutentha kunayamba mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo ma tubers a mbatata sanapangidwe kapena kukula mpaka kukula kwake. Koma chokhumudwitsa kwambiri ndi pamene zokolola zabwino kwambiri ziyenera kuperekedwa kakobiri, monga zinalili mu 2021. Ngakhale mbatata za chaka chomwecho, koma za kubzala kenako, analola famu kupanga ndalama zabwino.
Krasnodar adakokera chidwi pazochitika zowopsa zomwe zachitika chaka chachitatu motsatizana. Pakati pa autumn, mbatata zikakololedwa pakati, kumpoto ndi kum'mawa, mpaka ku Siberia, mtengo wake umakwera.
M’madera ena alimi amawononga ndalama zotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kum’mwera. Sasowa njira zothirira, mbewu zawo sizivutika ndi kutentha, amatha kubzala mitundu yokhala ndi nyengo yotalikirapo kuti apeze zokolola zambiri, ndipo ali ndi njira zambiri zosungira. Zikuoneka kuti alimi omwe amapereka mbatata zoyamba kumsika amapezeka kuti ali mumkhalidwe wofanana ndi anzawo ochokera kumadera akumpoto.
KUPIRIRA NDI NTCHITO…
Masiku ano, mbatata za Kuban zitha kupezeka m'misika ndi m'masitolo ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi: kuchokera kumadera apakati ndi kumadzulo kupita kumpoto, Urals ndi Siberia. Ndipo chifukwa cha kukolola kwachiwiri, gawo lalikulu la msika kumwera kwa Russia limaperekedwa. Alimi a Krasnodar amagulitsa mbatata makamaka kudzera mwa oyimira pakati, ngakhale ogulitsa am'deralo amatha kutenga zinthu kuchokera kwa opanga kuti azigulitsa. Koma m'mafamu ang'onoang'ono, zofunikira za maukonde nthawi zambiri sizingatheke.
Monga tanena Vitaly Kabalin, akuyenera kupereka masitolo ndi mbatata zotsukidwa ndi zopakidwa, koma kuti amalize ntchitoyi, mlimi ayenera kugula zida zapadera, kukopa anthu ena owonjezera, ndiye kuti, amawononga ndalama zambiri. Kodi ndalamazi zidzapindula? Alimi amavomereza kuti chaka chilichonse mbatata yomwe ikukula ku Kuban ikukhala yotsika mtengo. Koma, ngakhale pali zovuta zonse, alimi ali ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo ndipo akukonzekera nyengo yatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, Alexander Onoprienko ibzala mitundu kudera la mahekitala 30, komwe nthawi zambiri amayembekezera zokolola zambiri komanso zabwino kwambiri. Mbewu zidayitanidwa kale kudera la Samara ndipo pafupifupi zalipidwa. Inde, mitengo ikukweranso, ndipo pafupifupi ma ruble 170 adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pambewu yokha pa hekitala. Koma pali chiyembekezo kuti 2023 ichita bwino, ndipo msika uperekabe mtengo wabwino wa mbatata za Krasnodar.
Irina Berg