Gawo: 18 sq. km
Chiwerengero: Anthu 1, pomwe 197% ndi okhala mumzinda.
Malo: Republic ili kum'mawa kwa East European Plain, makamaka kumanja kwa Volga, pakati pa mtsinje wa Sura ndi Sviyaga.
Nyengo kontinenti yotentha yokhala ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana, yodziwika ndi chisanu ndi chilimwe chotentha. Mvula imagwa makamaka m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe (kuchokera 450 mpaka 550 mm pachaka).
Chithandizo: zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana. Pa gawo la Republic pali madera okwera ndi madontho, mitsinje yakuya, mapiri a dune, madambo otsika.
Dothi: chernozems, imvi nkhalango, sod-podzolic, mbali alluvial. Zabwino kwambiri paulimi ndi chernozems, koma gawo lawo ndi lochepa.
Dera laulimi: 934,6 zikwi.
Republic of Chuvashia ndi amodzi mwa madera omwe amapanga mbatata ku Non-Chernozem zone ku Russia, ndipo mwamwambo amakhala otsogola pakati pa zigawo za Volga Federal District potengera kukolola kwakukulu kwa mbatata. Ma voliyumu opanga mankhwalawo ndi owirikiza kawiri zosowa za anthu okhala ku Republic.
Malo obzala mbatata, mahekitala zikwi | |||||
Chaka cha 2019 | Chaka cha 2020 | Chaka cha 2021 | |||
K(F)X | Mabungwe azaulimi | K(F)X | Mabungwe azaulimi | K(F)X | Mabungwe azaulimi |
3,28 | 3,14 | 2,41 | 2,62 | 2,54 | 2,46 |
Tikumbukenso kuti m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, ndalama zosonkhanitsira m'magulu okonzekera zakhala zikutsika. Monga m'madera ena ambiri ku Russia, kuchulukitsidwa kwa mbatata kudadziwika ku Chuvashia, mitengo yazogulitsa idatsika mpaka pamtengo wotsika, ndipo opanga zaulimi adasiya chidwi ndi mbewuyi. Mu 2021, kufunikira kwa mbatata kudayamba kukula, koma nyengo idalepheretsa kukolola bwino: madera akuluakulu omwe amalima mbatata adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilala.
Panopa, msika yodziwika ndi yabwino mtengo zinthu kwa opanga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Pachifukwa ichi, mabizinesi ena akuluakulu aulimi adaganiza zokulitsa malo obzala.
Kukolola mbatata, zikwi centners | |||||
K(F)X | Mabungwe azaulimi | ||||
Chaka cha 2019 | Chaka cha 2020 | Chaka cha 2021 | Chaka cha 2019 | Chaka cha 2020 | Chaka cha 2021 |
873,35 | 550,24 | 532,02 | 879,74 | 626,23 | 544,69 |
Zokolola za mbatata, c/ha | |||
Chaka cha 2019 | Chaka cha 2020 | Chaka cha 2021 | |
K(F)X | 267,8 | 228,3 | 241,8 |
Mabungwe azaulimi | 283,3 | 239,6 | 222,6 |
Otsogolera mabizinesi olima mbatata
Mabizinesi aulimi 267 akugwira ntchito yolima mbatata m'dziko la Republic, pomwe 50 atha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi akulu (malo obzalidwa opitilira mahekitala 32).
Kupanga kwakukulu kumakhazikika m'maboma a Batyrevsky, Kozlovsky, Komsomolsky. Amawerengera 43,3% ya madera a mbatata mu gawo lalikulu lazamalonda (2205 ha).
Bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri yolima mbatata ku Chuvash Republic imawerengedwa kuti ndi gulu lamakampani "Glory to the Potato" (lotsogozedwa ndi Idiatullin Khasiyatulla Semigullovich). Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zotsitsimutsa, kugwiritsa ntchito zobzala zobereketsa zapamwamba zamitundu yokolola kwambiri yazosankha zapakhomo ndi zakunja - zonsezi ndiye chinsinsi cha bizinesi yopambana ya mbatata kwa zaka 20.
Dera lonse la kulima mbatata mu 2021 linali mahekitala 680.
Mabizinesi amgulu lamakampani amapatsidwa malo amakono osungira mbatata okhala ndi makina owongolera a microclimate. Chaka chilichonse, pamaziko a Gulu la Makampani, Tsiku la Potato Field limachitika ndi kutengapo gawo kwa opanga makina aulimi, ogulitsa zinthu zoteteza zomera, ndi opanga ulimi.
Kwambiri madera kulima mbatata chaka alloted mu wamba (famu) chuma cha Semenov Ivan Vasilyevich. Mu 2021, famuyo idakula mbatata pamalo okwana mahekitala 190. Kampaniyo imagwiritsa ntchito mwachangu machitidwe obwezeretsanso pantchito yake, imawonjezera mphamvu zosungira.
Pakati pa atsogoleri pankhani yopanga mbatata ku Republic, mutha kulembetsanso famu ya Wamba (ulimi) ya Yamukov Gennady Nikolaevich, LLC Agrofirma Tayabinka, LLC Agrofirma Istok. Mafamuwa amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono zodzaza mphamvu.
Zachilengedwe
Nthawi zambiri, dziko la Republic limapatsidwa mphamvu zosungira mbatata. Malo onse osungirako nthawi imodzi ndi matani 180, omwe amaposa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kupanga m'gawo lalikulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pakufunika malo osungirako zinthu zomwe zimalola kusungirako nthawi yaitali (mpaka April-May) popanda kutaya khalidwe.
Njira zothandizira
Pofuna kukulitsa kukula kwa mbatata ku Republic, mitundu yotsatirayi yothandizira boma imaperekedwa:
- malipiro a gawo lina la ndalama zogulira mbewu zapamwamba zaulimi - mpaka 80% ya mtengo;
- Thandizo losagwirizana pakulima mbewu (pa 1 ha imodzi ya malo obzala);
- ndalama zogulira makina aulimi (kuphatikiza kubwereketsa) - mpaka 40% ya mtengo;
- thandizo logulira zida zobwezeretsanso nthaka - mpaka 50% ya ndalama;
- zothandizira pantchito yopititsa patsogolo chonde m'nthaka - mpaka 90% ya ndalama;
- kubwereketsa kokongoletsedwa;
- chipukuta misozi 20% ya ndalama zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga malo osungira mbatata.
Kubala ndi kubzala mbewu
Ku Chuvash Republic, ntchito ikupitiliza kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata (oweta a Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture akupanga izi) ndikupeza mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri.
Gulu la makampani "Glory to Potato" likugwira ntchito yopangira malo osankhidwa ndi kukula kwa mbewu pamaziko a LLC "Agrofirma" Ulemerero wa Mbatata - Yalchiki ". Chomeracho chimagwiritsa ntchito labotale yofalitsa mbewu za microclonal.
Agrofirma Glory to Potato - Yalchiki LLC ikugwira ntchito bwino kuti ipeze mbewu zoyamba komanso zoyambirira (ma microplants, minitubers, 1st field generation, super-superelite), mbatata yambatata (superelite, elite).
Monga gawo la polojekitiyi, ASK-Yalchiki LLC imakulitsa mitundu yatsopano yapakhomo: Meteor, Gulliver, Flame, Krasa Meshchery.
Mndandanda wamafamu ambewu a mbatata ukuphatikizanso Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture - nthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FANC ya North-East yotchedwa N. V. Rudnitsky, LLC Agrofirma Slava Potato, LLC Agrofirma Tayabinka, LLC Agrokhmel. Kaundulayu amapangidwa chaka chilichonse ndi nthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ku Chuvash Republic.
Kubwezeretsanso
Mabizinesi angapo opangira mbatata amagwira ntchito m'gawo la Republic. Mwa awa, atatu amakhazikika pakupanga wowuma wa mbatata: NPO Promservis JSC (wowuma wopanda chakudya), Chuvashenkrakhmal LLC, ndi Poretsky Starch OJSC. Mabizinesi awiri amatulutsa mbatata zouma: TAV LLC ndi K (F) Kh Gafarov I.T. Chigawo cha Shemurshinsky.
Zinthuzi zidaperekedwa ndi dipatimenti yopanga mbewu, makina, kupanga mankhwala ndi kuteteza mbewu ku Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Chuvash Republic.