Kuchokera m'magazini No. 4 2014
Gulu: Anthu oyamba
Tidalengeza zokambiranazi m'magazini yomaliza ya magaziniyi, pomwe tidalemba za udindo watsopano wa Alexander Vasilyevich Bogomaz, munthu wodziwika bwino mdera la mbatata, wamkulu waposachedwa wa famu yotukuka komanso wachiwiri kwa State Duma. Ndipo kotero kuyankhulana kunachitika.
Ngakhale kuti anali wotanganidwa, Alexander Vasilyevich adapeza nthawi yoti auze owerenga magazini ya mbatata za masiku ano ndi tsogolo la ulimi m'dera lomwe adapatsidwa.
- Alexander Vasilievich, mwalingaliro lanu, kodi ulimi (kukula mbewu ndi mbatata, makamaka) zimagwira ntchito pachuma cha dera la Bryansk? Kodi chitukuko cha makampaniwa ndi chofunikira bwanji m'derali?
- Dera la Bryansk linali laulimi ndipo likadali laulimi. Izi zili ndi zovuta zake komanso ubwino wake. Malo amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, amabweretsa ndalama kwa iwo okhawo omwe amagwira ntchito ngati eni ake: amawamva, amawamvetsetsa, amalima momwe amayenera kukhalira, ndikupatsa feteleza wambiri. Muulimi, mutha kukhala wopambana, mutha kupeza ndalama, komanso muyenera kuyika ntchito zambiri - ndi ntchito zatsiku ndi tsiku. Pali anthu m'chigawo cha Bryansk omwe amatha kugwira ntchito motere, ndipo tiyenera kuwathandiza.
Dera lathu lili ndi kuthekera kwakukulu; timapanga zinthu zaulimi (mbatata, mbewu, nkhuku, nkhumba) kuposa momwe timadyera. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa embargo pakupereka zinthu kuchokera kumayiko aku Europe kupita ku Russia, tili ndi mwayi wapadera wodyetsa madera oyandikana nawo (ndipo mwina mayiko). Tidzagwiritsa ntchito!
Ulimi si dzenje lakuda, monga ena amanenera. Uwu ndi bizinesi yodalirika kwambiri, yopindulitsa yomwe ingakhale mtsogoleri pazachuma zachigawo. Ndipo adzakhaladi choncho.
- Kodi tsopano mukuwunika bwanji msika wa mbatata mu "nkhokwe ya mbatata" ku Russia? Kodi dera la Bryansk lingadzitamande chiyani? (Ndinamva, mwachitsanzo, za kutsegulidwa kwaposachedwa kwa nyumba yayikulu yatsopano yosungira, kusanja ndi kuyika mbatata). Ndi chiyani chomwe chiyenera kusinthidwa?
- Zikomo chifukwa chotanthauzira dera lathu - "nkhokwe ya mbatata yaku Russia." Izi zimakakamiza alimi athu kuchita zambiri. M'malingaliro anga, ngati chilichonse chikufunika kusinthidwa mu ulimi wa mbatata, ndiye kuti, "mitu." Chilichonse chatsegulidwa kale ndikuwonetseredwa, zomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuchidziwa bwino ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito!
Tsopano m'dera lathu mahekitala 22 aperekedwa kuti akule "mkate wachiwiri". Munthawi za Soviet, minda ya mbatata idatenga mahekitala pafupifupi 110. Koma mlingo wa kupanga si wotsika kuposa pansi pa Soviet Union. Tili ndi minda yosiyana kwambiri yomwe ikukula mbatata: zazikulu, zapakati, zazing'ono - ndipo pafupifupi onse ndi opambana kwambiri. Zokolola zimafanana (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale patsogolo) ndi zomwe zachitika ku Europe. Malingana ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi kuyambira pa October 6, ngati titenga mitundu yonse ya minda m'dera la Bryansk, ndi zokolola za 263 c / ha, matani 564 zikwi anakololedwa. Izi ndizowirikiza kawiri kuposa tsikuli chaka chapitacho!
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, timasonkhanitsa pafupifupi matani miliyoni a "mkate wachiwiri," koma izi siziri malire. Funso lonse liri pakugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje amakono, kufalitsa chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri, komanso kuphunzitsa antchito. Komanso, chotsiriziracho, mwa lingaliro langa, ndichofunika kwambiri, popeza zonse zimadalira munthuyo. Sikokwanira kugula zipangizo zamakono ndikuponya mbewu zabwino pansi ...
Ponena za pulojekiti yomwe mudatchula, inde, idakhazikitsidwa bwino: m'malo mwa nyumba yosiyidwa ya chomera choyambirira chachitetezo m'mudzi wa Kletnya, malo amakono osungira mbatata adawonekera. Mzere wolongedza wapangidwa kuti unyamule matani zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi za tubers. Wogulitsa ndalama pomanga nyumbayi anali Bryansk-Agro LLC (woyambitsa Vyacheslav Nikiforov), imodzi mwamabizinesi abwino kwambiri olima mbatata m'chigawo cha Bryansk. Ngati tilankhula za zomwe dera lathu lingadzitamandire nalo, ndi minda yotere - ikukula mwachangu, ikukula, ikulonjeza.
Dziweruzireni nokha: mu 2013, Bryansk-Agro LLC adagawa mahekitala 590 a mbatata, mu 2014 - mahekitala 745 kale, mu 2015 akukonzekera kukulitsa malowa mpaka mahekitala 900-1000. Ndipo zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kwambiri (mu 2013, matani 9675 a mbatata adakololedwa ndi zokolola za 275 c/ha).
Mu 2012-2013, Bryansk-Agro LLC inali m'gulu la mabizinesi omwe adalandira thandizo la boma (mu kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 81 miliyoni) pansi pa pulogalamu ya "Kukula kwa kukonza mbatata m'chigawo cha Bryansk." Nthawi yomweyo, zomangamanga za bizinesiyo zidaphatikizapo malo awiri osungira mbatata: yatsopano yokhala ndi matani 3,7, yokhala ndi mzere wamakono wotsuka ndi kuyika mbatata, ndi yomangidwanso yokhala ndi XNUMX. matani.
Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe chili chofunikira kwa ife muzochita za famuyi? Ntchito za anthu akumudzi! Munthawi ya ntchito yayikulu yaulimi, anthu opitilira 100 amagwira ntchito pano. M'miyezi isanu ndi itatu ya chaka chino, malipiro apakati pamwezi anali ma ruble 33242 (chiwerengero chabwino kwambiri ngakhale chamizinda).
- Ndi njira ziti zomwe mukuwona pakukula kwamakampani? Chitsanzo cha dera la Russia (kapena lakunja) lomwe likuwoneka losangalatsa kwa inu pankhani yopititsa patsogolo ulimi wa mbatata?
- Makampaniwa akukwera kale. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa osati kokha ndi zizindikiro zokolola mbatata komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mabizinesi, komanso ndi ndemanga za alendo apadera omwe amabwera ku Tsiku la Bryansk Field Day.
Chaka chilichonse, pakati pa mwezi wa July, chionetsero chotseguka chimachitika m'dera la Bryansk, kumene alimi amapereka zomwe akwaniritsa, teknoloji, mbewu, mitundu yatsopano ndi chitukuko cha sayansi. Ndikukuitanani inu ndi owerenga anu kuti mubwere, mudzawone zonse ndi maso anu ndikutiuza za chochitikachi.
Mwa njira, pa Bryansk Field Day mutha kukumana ndi nthumwi zochokera ku Republic of Belarus, zomwe zimanyadira mbatata zake, ndi Ajeremani ndi Dutch - nawonso amabwera kwa ife kuti adziwe.
- Kuchokera pa udindo wa munthu yemwe amadziwa bwino zosowa za mlimi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo - bwanamkubwa, amawunika: kodi mapulogalamu a m'madera a chithandizo cha ndalama kwa olima ulimi ndi ofunikira (popereka chithandizo, etc.)?
- Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana amafunikira. Dera la Bryansk limatenga nawo gawo mu pulogalamu yanthawi yayitali ya "Kukula kwathunthu kwa bizinesi yolima mbatata": imalandira thandizo lazachuma kuchokera ku bajeti ya federal ndikuwonjezera ndi ndalama zake zachigawo. Malinga ndi dipatimenti ya zaulimi, mu 2013, mwachitsanzo, alimi a mbatata adalandira thandizo kuchokera ku chuma cha boma mu kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 68,5 miliyoni, ndikuwonjezera gawo lina lachitatu - ndalama zothandizira chigawo.
Chaka chino unduna wa zaulimi udapita ku unduna wa zaulimi posankha anthu mopikisana, koma ndalama sizinapezeke. Koma, ndikubwereza, pulogalamuyi imatetezedwa, ndipo ndalamazo zidzafikadi.
Ponena za mapulogalamu ogwirizana ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi kuti athandizire olima ulimi, pali pafupifupi khumi ndi awiri ndi theka a iwo m'chigawo cha Bryansk: izi zikuphatikizapo "thandizo pa hekitala", "pa lita imodzi ya mkaka", "kuyambira". ndi famu ya banja” ndi ena. Zothandizira zimaperekedwa, chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole zimalipidwa - mitundu yambiri yothandizira.
Palinso mapulogalamu a m'madera okha. Mwachitsanzo, kuthandiza achinyamata ogwira ntchito zaulimi omwe amabwera kudzagwira ntchito kumidzi, komanso kuchita ziwonetsero ndi ziwonetsero. Ndikhoza kunena ndi chidaliro kuti dera la Bryansk ndi limodzi mwa khumi apamwamba mu Russian Federation ponena za kuchuluka kwa chithandizo kwa olima ulimi.
- Kodi pali mapulogalamu ena atsopano omwe akugwirabe ntchito?
"Tikufuna kuyambitsa pulogalamu yolimbikitsa kugawidwa kwa malo olima omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito - minda yomwe ili pano, yodzala ndi udzu ndi mitengo ya birch. Tonse timamvetsetsa kuti pakapita nthawi kulibe malo, m'malo mwake, pazifukwa zambiri, madera oyenera kubzala akucheperachepera. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu!
Ndipo nthawi ndiyofunikira pano: pulogalamuyi iyenera kuyamba kugwira ntchito posachedwa. Kupanda kutero, sitidzatha kugwiritsa ntchito madera ambiri.
- Atolankhani alemba nthawi zambiri za mapulani amakampani akuluakulu okhudzana ndi kumanga mabizinesi opanga mbatata kumtunda wa Bryansk. Kodi ntchito zofananirazi zidzakwaniritsidwa?
- Chilichonse chomwe chimabweretsa ndi kubweretsa ndalama zamtsogolo ku bajeti ya dera la Bryansk ndi ma municipalities, zomwe zingathandize chitukuko cha ulimi m'derali, kusintha miyoyo ya anthu, kugwira ntchito ndi kukhazikitsidwa. Tidzabetcherana pa mapulojekiti omwe ali othandiza kapena otha kutero. Mpaka pano, sitikuchepetsa projekiti imodzi yokha yogulitsa malonda athu agro-industrial complex. Anthu amaika ndalama, amamanga minda ndi malo okonza zinthu, amapanga ntchito zatsopano, ndipo boma lachigawo lithandizira osunga ndalama oterowo.
Ponena za ntchito zopangira mbatata, zikugwira ntchito. Pali magawo, pali mapulani. Mpaka pano palibe amene akuwasiya, ndipo akuluakulu aboma sadzawasokoneza!
- Ndi zokumana nazo ziti za alimi a mbatata ku Bryansk zomwe mukuganiza kuti ndizopambana komanso zopatsa chiyembekezo?
- Chigawo cha Starodubsky ndi mtsogoleri m'chigawo cha Bryansk. Kuphatikiza pa mabizinesi odziwika bwino a TNV "Red October" ndi IP Putsko L.I. ku Russia konse, tilinso ndi minda ina ya mbatata, yomwe atsogoleri ena ayenera kutengera!
Vladimir Zhutenkov (Druzhba LLC, chigawo cha Zhiryatinsky).
Anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zolima mbatata mu 2010, nthawi yomweyo kufesa mahekitala 1000 a mbatata (tsopano mahekitala 1500). M'chaka chomwecho, adamanga malo osungira mbatata ku Russia omwe amatha matani 40.
Mu 2014, kampaniyo idayamba kumanga malo ena osungira mbatata kwa matani 10 okhala ndi zida zapadera zafiriji zogulitsa mochedwa. Malowa adzatumizidwa ku zokolola za 2015.
Mzere wochapira mbatata ndi kulongedza matani 15 pa ola akuyikidwa pano.
Nikolay Pashutko (famu famu "Progress", chigawo cha Starodubsky).
Famuyi yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 1992. Ili ndi malo osungirako mbatata asanu ndi matani okwana 40 zikwi. Chaka chino, zokolola za mtundu wa Jelly wa Jelly zinaposa 500 c/ha ndipo za mtundu wa Red Scarlett 400. Mu 2014, kampaniyo inagula zipangizo zobzala, kukolola ndi kukonza mbatata zokwana ma ruble XNUMX miliyoni pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake.
Mikhail Dovgalev (IP "Dovgalev M.M.", Starodubsky District)
Ndinayamba kugwira ntchito ndi mbatata mu 2002. Masiku ano, mbewu iyi imabzalidwa pamalo opitilira mahekitala 3. Mu 000, adamanga malo awiri osungira mbatata okhala ndi matani zikwi zitatu aliyense. Pazonse, famu yake tsopano ili ndi malo asanu ndi atatu osungira mbatata.
Mu 2014, ndinamanganso chowumitsira chowumitsira chowumitsa matani 30 pa ola limodzi.
Mapulani a chaka chamawa akuphatikizapo kumanga nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zinayi zokwana matani 10, kugula mathirakitala anayi ndi zida zina zobzala, kukonza ndi kukolola mbatata.
Vyacheslav Melnichenko (IP "Melnichenko V.G.", Dubrovsky District)
Iye wakhala akulima mbatata kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Area - 700 mahekitala. Ngakhale kuti kunali chilala choopsa m'chilimwechi, ndinapeza zokolola zabwino: 400 c/ha ku mitundu ya Bellarosa ndi 350 c/ha pamitundu ya Red Fantasy.
Chaka chino ndidamanganso njira yolowera mpweya m'malo osungira mbatata (pali ziwiri - matani 3,000 iliyonse). Mu imodzi, kuwongolera kutentha kumangochitika zokha (kuwongolera nyengo), kwina - pamanja.
Mu 2013 ndinagula chokolola chatsopano, ndipo chaka chino ndidagula chobzala mbatata.
Kwa 2015, pali mapulani omanga malo atatu osungira mbatata matani zikwi ziwiri aliyense: awiri m'mudzi wa Aleshinka, wina ku Afonino.
Mikhail Svistunov (famu wamba "Svistunov", chigawo cha Starodubsky)
Famu ya Mikhail Svistunov ili ndi zaka 13. Pali mahekitala 300 pansi pa mbatata (yonse, mahekitala 1000 amalimidwa pafamu). Chaka chamawa, dera lomwe lili pansi pa mbatata lidzakwera mpaka mahekitala 400. Mchaka cha 2014 mbatata zokolola ndi 350 c/ha (zokolola zambiri ndi 420 c/ha).
Chaka chino ndidagula zida zingapo: cholumikizira chophatikizira, chobzala ndi chodulira mphero. Mu 2015, malo atsopano osungira mbatata a matani zikwi zitatu adzamangidwa kuti akolole kwatsopano.
Alexander Akhlamov (IP "Akhlamov A.V.", Starodubsky District)
Ili ndi malo osungira asanu ndi awiri a mbatata okhala ndi matani opitilira 15. Amalima mitundu yotchuka ya Red Scarlett, Natasha, ndi Zhuravinka pamsika. Mtengo wa kilogalamu ya mbatata kuchokera ku A. Akhlamov ndi ma ruble 11-12 pa kg. Imagwira ntchito ndi ogula ogulitsa m'chigawo cha Rostov ndi dera la Astrakhan. Kuti makasitomala athe kupeza mosavuta, mlimiyo adamanga masikelo a mafakitale; kuti atonthoze antchito ake, tsopano akumanga nyumba yoyang'anira yokhala ndi canteen ndi shawa. Amamanga malo osungira mbatata ndikupeza zida. Kufunitsitsa kukulitsa chuma ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba.
- Alexander Vasilyevich, pa malo apamwamba omwe akuimira dera la Bryansk pachiwonetsero cha "Golden Autumn" ku Moscow, zikuwoneka kuti pali chirichonse: mkaka, tchizi, nyama, soseji, makeke ... Ndipo mwanjira ina mbatata inali pakona, osati pa zonse zili pakati pa chiwonetserochi. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'derali zikusintha?
- Awa ndi masomphenya anu chabe a nyimboyo. M'malo mwake, m'dera lathu, zinthu zonse zaulimi zili pakati, makamaka mbatata.