Gulu: Kubwezeretsanso
Kuchokera m'magazini No. 4 2015
Masiku ano zikuwonekeratu kuti kukula kwa bizinesi ya mbatata sikutheka popanda kupanga kukonza. Koma akadali ochepa kwambiri omwe akugwira ntchito, mabizinesi aku Russia kwathunthu pamsika uno pamsika. Kusakhazikika kwachuma mdziko muno, zovuta pakubwereketsa ndi misampha ina yambiri yomwe nthawi zonse imadutsa njira ya munthu yemwe amatsata njira yomwe wamenyedwa ndizovuta. Kusankha polojekiti yanu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwona chitsanzo chabwino pamaso panu.
Tikukupemphani kuti adziŵe zinachitikira Moscow dera ogwira ntchito ZAO Ozery. Mu 2014, mzere wopangira tchipisi ta mbatata zachilengedwe unatsegulidwa pano. Ndi zovuta ziti zomwe tidakumana nazo komanso zomwe tidakwanitsa - m'nkhani ya General Director Sergei Pryamov.
Gawo lofunikira, koma lokakamizidwa
JSC "Ozery" ndi bizinesi yomwe imapanga masamba ndi mbatata. Pa mahekitala 1300, timalima pafupifupi matani 50 pachaka. Tili ndi mphamvu zofunikira kutsuka, kuyeretsa, kulongedza katundu ndi kusunga kwa nthawi yaitali. Timapereka mbatata ndi masamba kumaketani ogulitsa pafupipafupi chaka chonse, kutenga nawo mbali pamapulogalamu amzindawu, amadziwika ndi aboma ndipo amadziwika bwino pantchitoyi. Koma chaka chilichonse mapulojekiti ambiri atsopano amalowa pamsika, ndipo phindu lopanga likutsika. Popenda izi, tinaganiza zokonzanso zinthu. Titha kunena kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa chip kupanga kunali gawo lofunikira mtsogolo. Koma anakakamizika: ngati kukanakhala kotheka kupanga ndalama kokha ndi kubala masamba, ife sitingachite izo.
Kukonza kumayamba ndi mbewu
Mbiri yomwe isanatsegulidwe kupanga chip inali yosasangalatsa kubizinesi yathu. Koma palibe chifukwa chobisala; palibe wopanga m'modzi yemwe amalima mbatata ndikugula mbewu kuchokera kumakampani ena, ngakhale odziwika bwino komanso odziwika bwino, sangapewe izi. Zaka zinayi zapitazo, mtundu wobisika wa Ralstonia solanacearum unapezedwa mumtanda wa mbewu zathu za mbatata zomwe zidabzalidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja. Kukayikirana kudadzutsa macheke ambiri. Zitsanzo zambiri zidatengedwa mkati ndi kuzungulira minda: osati zazinthu zokha, komanso zamadzi, nthaka, ndi zomera zomwe zitha kukhala magwero azinthu zotsekereza. Akatswiri pafupifupi 200 ochokera m’mabungwe osiyanasiyana anafika pafamuyo, ndipo tinalandira malipoti oposa 180. Tikadaganiza zochititsa phunziro lalikulu ngati limeneli, sitikanakhala ndi ndalama zokwanira. Koma ZAO Ozyory yakhala gawo loyang'aniridwa kwambiri ku Russia ndi ndalama zaboma. Zotsatira zake, kukhalapo kwa chinthu chokhala kwaokha sikunatsimikizidwe, koma mphekeserayo inali yokwanira kuti zambiri zomwe zidakula ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Chaka chimenecho tinakonzanso zambiri pa ntchito yathu. Mawu omaliza omwe tidapanga: "Simungadalire mbewu za anthu ena, muyenera kukulitsa nokha." Tikuganiza zopanga labotale yathu ya mbewu. Posankha mitundu, tinkadalira zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi kachilombo ka Y ndipo zinali zoyenera kukonzedwa.
Tsopano ndife oyambitsa mitundu isanu (awiri aulere ochokera kunja, atatu apakhomo). Tikukonzekera zina ziwiri zolembetsa.
Timalima tchipisi ta mbatata kuchokera ku njere zathu ndipo sitiwononga ndalama zachifumu, kutanthauza kuti tili ndi zipangizo zotsika mtengo zokonza. Uwu ndiye maziko omwe simuyenera kuyambitsa ntchitoyi. Chifukwa cha izi, timapanga chinthu chotsika mtengo: mtengo wogulitsa wa phukusi laling'ono la tchipisi cha Barin (40 g) ndi wofanana ndi mtengo wa theka la mkate; tchipisi zotere zitha kugulidwa popanda kusokoneza bajeti ngakhale ndi opuma pantchito, omwe. , mwa njira, kupanga gawo lalikulu la makasitomala athu.
Kupeza msika
Ndi kukwera kwa mtengo wa ndalama m'dziko lathu, kugawiranso msika wa zokhwasula-khwasula kunayamba: nsomba zambiri zamchere ndi zouma, zomwe zinakhala zodula kwambiri kwa ogula ambiri, zinasowa, ndipo pistachios zinasowa chifukwa chomwecho. Koma kagawo kakang'ono kazamalonda kamene kali ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti dera lililonse liyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zake. Ku Ulaya, m'matauni ang'onoang'ono, mudzapatsidwa monyadira soseji, tchizi, yoghuti, vinyo, china chake, ndipo izi nthawi zonse zimakhala zamtengo wapatali kuposa katundu woperekedwa ndi mabungwe. Ndipo izi zidzafika kwa ifenso. Izi ndizosavuta kwa onse opanga komanso ogula. Timawona omwe timagwira ntchito, omwe zilakolako zawo timaganizira. Ndipo anthu amasangalala kwambiri kugula zinthu zomwe zakula m'minda yozungulira ndipo zimakonzedwa kubizinesi yakomweko, poganizira zokonda za derali.
Ndizovuta kwambiri kufika pamashelefu a hypermarkets zazikulu. Pafupifupi maunyolo onse ogulitsa ndi amakampani akunja; alibe chidwi ndi malonda athu. Zimakhala zovuta kuti tipikisane ndi zopereka zakunja, mothandizidwa ndi kutsatsa kwakukulu pawailesi yakanema, koma kutsatira njira yomweyo kumatanthauza kukulitsa mtengo wazinthu.
Pakadali pano, tchipisi ta Barin ndizosavuta kupeza kunja kwa likulu. Amayimiridwa m'masitolo oposa 180 ku Russia, m'mabwalo am'deralo.
Zogulitsa zathu zimaperekedwanso kumayiko oyandikana nawo: ku Kazakhstan, mwachitsanzo. Makampani opanga mbatata kumeneko sanapangidwe konse; kulibe mapurosesa am'deralo.
Nyengo
Chips ndi mankhwala omwe amafunikira "manja aulere". Chifukwa chake, ku Russia akufunika kwambiri kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Kum'mwera kwa dzikoli zimatenga nthawi yayitali (Zingakhale zosangalatsa kutsegula zopanga kumeneko, koma ku Krasnodar Territory ndizolonjeza kwambiri kulima mbewu zina, ndipo n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti tchipisi ta mbatata nthawi zonse zimaperekedwa. kukhazikika kochokera kumadera ena).
Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pokonzekera kupanga. M'nyengo yathu timapanga zinthu zambiri. Kwa ife, kugwira ntchito "m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu" sikungapindule, chifukwa kusunga mbatata zatsopano kumawononga ndalama zochepa.
Opanga ena amagwira ntchito pa 20 peresenti ya katundu m'nyengo yozizira. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti pamenepa muyenera kukhetsa mafuta (pafupifupi kuchuluka kwa zotayika ndi thanki yagalimoto ngati mzere uli waukulu). Pabizinesi yathu, mafuta okhetsedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zina (tinagula ma boilers omwe amayendera mafuta amtundu uwu ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito pakuwotcha).
Kulima ndi kusunga zipangizo
Mbatata zopangira tchipisi zimatsatiridwa ndi zofunikira zamtundu uliwonse, kotero zimabzalidwa pokhapokha pa ulimi wothirira. Pamenepa, njira zothirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kupereka madzi okha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Tili ndi mavuto ndi otsiriza: mwachitsanzo, si feteleza onse ofunikira omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a chelate, kapena si mitundu yonse ya zipangizo zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti zigwire ntchito ndi mankhwala (mipope oxidize). Koma vuto lalikulu, m'malingaliro anga, ndikuti timathirira madzi mosadukiza, komanso kuchuluka komwe tingathe, osati kuchuluka kwa mbewuyo. Pamlingo waukulu, izi siziri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi, koma chifukwa cha mphamvu yaumunthu. Nthawi zina muyenera kufotokoza kuti ngati mvula igwa, ichi si chifukwa chotseka madzi m'minda. M'malo mwake, dothi lapamwamba likakhala lonyowa, kuthirira kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri.
Mfundo inanso yofunika kwambiri. Mbatata zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga tchipisi zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zowuma, ndipo zimafunikira kuyeretsa mosamala ndi ukadaulo wosungira, chifukwa pakupsinjika, chakudya chimatha kukhala shuga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale osayenera kukonzedwa. Chifukwa chake, tikakolola, timagwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera zokha zomwe zimachepetsa kuvulaza ma tubers, ndipo posunga mbatata, timawachitira nthawi zonse ndi zoletsa kukula.
Tekinoloje yopanga
Pali matekinoloje angapo opangira tchipisi padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Mwa ena, mwachitsanzo, pali siteji ya blanching (kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kwa mbatata mpaka 80-90 °), komwe kumasintha ma cell a chinthucho, chomwe chimapangitsa kukonza kukhala kosavuta, koma kukoma kwachilengedwe ndi mtundu wa mbatata watayika. Kutentha ndi nthawi yowotcha, kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu uvuni, ndi zina zotero ndizofunikanso.
Wopanga aliyense ali ndi tchati chake chowotcha, chomwe ndi chinsinsi chamalonda. Zithunzi za opanga zazikulu, monga lamulo, zimatetezedwa ndi zovomerezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya opanga chip ikhale yovuta kwambiri. Mabungwe a Chip nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pazida zomwe zimapangidwa ndi dongosolo lawo, ndipo wopanga zida zomwe zili pansi pa mgwirizano alibe ufulu wogulitsa chifaniziro chomwecho cha uvuni kapena fryer kwa wina.
Zida
Posankha zida, tidatengera mfundo zomwe timadalira pazinthu zina zantchito. Choyamba, sitinathamangitse mitundu. Mukayang'ana zida zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito m'minda kapena m'materminals, mudzawona mitundu yonse yamitundu, chifukwa sitimangirizidwa ndi wopanga mmodzi, koma yesetsani kutenga zogwira mtima kwambiri kuchokera kwa aliyense. Panonso, tinasankha makina amakono komanso odziwika bwino: mzere wodula mbatata, mzere wodula, wokazinga wozama wokhala ndi multifloor system. Tinagula zida zomwe zimapanga malo osinthidwa ndi gasi muzopaka, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi ya alumali yazinthu.
Akatswiri athu adayesetsa kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zonse zimagwira ntchito limodzi.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, sitinawononge ndalama zowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, sitinagule mzere wolongedza wokha. Opaka amatha kupirira bwino ndi voliyumu yomwe ilipo tsopano. Malinga ndi zomwe ndikuwona, ntchito zambiri ku Russia zikuwonongeka chifukwa cha kugulitsa ndalama mopitirira muyeso: anthu amaika ndalama zambiri pazida, makina, ndi kumanga nyumba zosungiramo katundu kuposa momwe angabwererenso pambuyo pake.
Mbali yachitatu ndi kubwerezabwereza. M'dziko lathu, ntchito sizikuyenda bwino; ngati china chake chasweka, mutha kudikirira kwa milungu ingapo kuti mupeze zida zosinthira, koma tili omangidwa ndi makontrakitala ndipo sitingathe kukwanitsa. Chifukwa chake, makina onse ofunikira ali ndi zosintha.
Mafuta
Kusiyana kwina kopindulitsa pakati pa mankhwala athu ndi akunja. Mafuta a masamba, omwe opanga ambiri odziwika bwino amagwiritsa ntchito, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kwa ife pakalipano, koma dziko limapanga mafuta ochuluka a mpendadzuwa. Tili ndi ogulitsa angapo odalirika omwe amatipatsa mafuta ochokera kumwera kwa Russia; timadziphatikiza tokha.
Mafelemu
Mfundo yowawa kwa njira iliyonse, makamaka yatsopano. Timayesetsa kupeza akatswiri okonda komanso osawononga ndalama pamaphunziro: timawatengera kunja.
Timayesa kukopa anthu ammudzi kuti azigwira ntchito (okhala ku Lakes ali ndi zokonda), ndikukhulupirira kuti uwu ndi udindo wathu. Bungwe lililonse la ntchito limapereka chikoka cha anthu. Chifukwa chake ngati kutukuka kwa njira yatsopano kumabweretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zatsopano, ndikofunikira kutsatira.
Phindu
Timapeza gawo la mkango pa ndalama zathu popanga ndi kugulitsa ndiwo zamasamba. Chingwe cha chip pakadali pano sichikuyenda mokwanira; kuyisintha kukhala gwero la phindu lokhazikika ndi ntchito yayikulu, yovutitsidwa ndi zochitika zambiri. M'dziko lathu, mwachitsanzo, wolima masamba amalipira VAT pamtengo wokonda 10%, ndipo ngati akonza katundu wake, mtengowo udzakhala 18%.
Sikuti tsiku lililonse ndi tchuthi
Sindidzanama, ngakhale kuti tchipisi tathu timapangidwa kuchokera ku mbatata zachilengedwe, sindingalimbikitse kudya mapaketi asanu tsiku lililonse. Ichi ndi mankhwala a chikondwerero. Koma mphekesera za kuopsa kwa tchipisi ndizokokomeza. Acrylamides, omwe nthawi zambiri amawopseza okonda mbatata yowotcha, amapezeka muzinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya: mkate, bagels, makeke ...
Ndikhoza kunena za mankhwala athu kuti ali ndi zolemba zolondola ndipo alibe zowonjezera zowonjezera. Timapereka kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa mtengo wamagetsi, chakudya chamafuta chomwe munthu amalandira, ndi kuchuluka kwa paketi.
Za dzina
Timapanga tchipisi ta mbatata kuchokera ku mitundu ya Barin, ndipo malondawo ali ndi dzina lomwelo. Sitinayike malingaliro owonjezera mu dzina la mtundu wathu. Tsopano ndikudandaula pang'ono. Zikanakhala zolondola kwambiri kugwirizanitsa dzina ndi anthu enieni, kupanga kwenikweni, minda - zomwe zimagwira ntchito. Mutu woyambirira "wogwira ntchito" unali "Mowongoka kuchokera ku Munda," koma mayanjano adakhala achindunji kwambiri.
Tsopano tikukonzekera kukulitsa mzere ndikumasula tchipisi tamitundu kuchokera ku mbatata yofiirira ndi yofiira (yopangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yatsopano yomwe ili ndi antioxidant). Mwachidziwikire, adzamasulidwa pansi pa mtundu wina.
Ngati ilipo kale, bwanji osakhala ndi "nkhope yaku Russia"?
Ndili ndi chidaliro kuti m'tsogolomu gawo lazakudya zofulumira lidzakula, komanso mwachangu. Kumbukirani: Zaka 100 zapitazo, anthu ankatha maola anayi akukonzekera chakudya chamadzulo. M'zaka za m'ma 60 m'zaka zapitazi, ndi kupangidwa kwa mbaula za gasi ndi zophikira, zinali kale ola limodzi ndi theka. Kenako mavuvuni a microwave adawonekera ndipo zinthu zomaliza zidakhala zapamwamba. Kuthamanga kwa moyo kukuthamanga. Kufunika kwa zakudya zofulumira kukukulirakulira, ndipo zingakhale zolondola ngati zofunikira zimakwaniritsidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ku Russia.
Sindikunena pano zambiri za tchipisi, koma za zinthu zatsopano zokonzedwa (zamasamba zotsuka m'matumba otentha; masamba otenthedwa ndi kutentha; zosungirako zokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wophika), zomwe kuthekera kwake pamsika ndikwambiri. Koma mabizinesi omwe akupanga zonsezi, mafakitale akukhitchini omwewo, sayenera kukhala kutali, osati ku Poland ndi Holland, koma kwenikweni mumzinda wathu uliwonse, ayenera kuwoneka kunja kwawindo. Mwanjira iyi tidzapatsa anthu chakudya chamtengo wapatali komanso kupeza mwayi wabwino wopititsa patsogolo bizinesi. Iyi ndi ntchito yofunikira yomwe iyenera kuthetsedwa lero.