Ku Russia, thumba la pulasitiki la mesh limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri potengera zinthu zaulimi komanso kugulitsa kwake. Njira yotsika mtengo komanso yothandiza yopangira ma CD iyi yakhala ikukondedwa ndi alimi, ndipo masiku ano palibe njira ina yeniyeni. Chifukwa chake, nkhani yoletsa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito gridiyi idamveka ngati bolt kuchokera ku buluu.
Zokayikitsa
Mu Epulo chaka chino, zidadziwika kuti Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Zamalonda ku Russia ukulingalira za kuthekera koletsa thumba la pulasitiki la mesh lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulongedza zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zogulitsa. Ntchitoyi imachokera ku Public Law Company "Russian Ecological Operator" (REO), wogwirizira wa kusintha kwa zinyalala zamatauni.
- Mtsutso waukulu wa REO ndizovuta zobwezeretsanso gridi yotere, - akufotokoza mkulu wa zida za Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants of Russia (Potato Union) Tatiana Gubina. - Pakukonza zinyalala, zimazunguliridwa kuzungulira zida zosinthira ndipo zimatha kuyimitsa mzere wonse. Palidi vuto loterolo, koma njira yosankhidwa kuti athetse vutoli ndi yodabwitsa.
Ponena za zovuta pakukonza mauna, a REO adalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito matumba ndi mafilimu opangidwa ndi propylene ndi polyethylene ngati njira ina. Komabe, palibe amene amalankhula zoletsa mauna omwewo ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zinthu zaulimi. Ndiko kuti, palibe zonena za kusintha kwamitundu yosamalira zachilengedwe kapena mwayi watsopano wokonzekera.
- Polimbikitsa malingaliro awo, REO idadalira kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Yegor Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, - akuwonjezera Tatiana Gubina. - Mikangano yomwe ili mmenemo imadzutsa mafunso ambiri pakati pa akatswiri a agro-industrial complex ndi mapurosesa.
Kusamvetsetsa vuto
Poyankha kukwiya komwe kukukulirakulira, a Denis Butsaev, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa REO, adatsimikizira anthu kuti malingaliro onse ali pagawo la zokambirana, ndipo zisankho zidzapangidwa pambuyo pake. Ndipo iye ananenapo mantha za tsogolo kukwera mitengo kwa masamba motere: "N'zovuta kumvetsa mmene kugulitsa mbatata zambiri, osati phukusi, kuchititsa kukwera mtengo? Ngati katunduyo akugulitsidwa molemera, ndiye kuti sipadzakhalanso kulongedza katundu, ndipo katunduyo ayenera kukhala wotsika mtengo.
Koma zoona zake n’zakuti pali zofunika kuti mitengo ikwere, ndipo kwa akatswiri n’zoonekeratu.
"Kukhazikitsa izi kudzetsa kukwera kwamitengo, makamaka mbatata," akukhulupirira. Tatiana Gubina. "Zogulitsa zama premium zokhala ndi mapaketi osaletsedwa sizikwera mtengo. Koma mtengo wa mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba mu gawo la "chuma", lomwe anthu ambiri amakakamizika kugula, osachepera kawiri kapena kutha kwathunthu pamashelefu.
Lingaliro la olemba ntchitoyo kuti agulitse chilichonse chochuluka ndi chosavomerezeka kwa opanga kapena maunyolo ogulitsa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta, ubwino wa zokolola zaulimi zomwe zapezedwa zavutika. Ndipo alimi akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri pogulitsa masamba ang'onoang'ono.
"Mwachitsanzo, ogulitsa amatenga mbatata za gulu la 45+ kuti azigulitsa pokhapokha atapakidwa ma kilogalamu 2,5-5 m'thumba la mesh," akutero. Tatiana Gubina. - Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kwa kaloti zazing'ono, beets tebulo, anyezi. Malo ogulitsa maunyolo sangagulitse masamba oterowo ndi kulemera kwake, olima adzayenera kupita nawo kumalo otayirako ndikupangira zotayika pokweza mitengo ya mbewu zina zonse.
Popanda gululi, paliponse
Malinga ndi akatswiri, polyethylene mesh-thumba, momwe masamba amagulitsidwa, amapanga gawo lochepa pamsika. Zolemba zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri ku Russia zimakhalabe mauna, opangidwa kuti azilemera ma kilogalamu 25 ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera. Yemwe sanaletsedwebe.
"M'mabizinesi athu, thumba la mesh limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyika kwa ogula, komanso kusungirako kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kutumiza zinthu zaulimi zogulitsa," akutero Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa TN-Trade LLC ndi JSC Tulskaya Niva. Anastasia Sokolova.- Kulongedza mu nkhani yomaliza kumabwera mu 25, 15 ndi 10 kilogalamu. Choncho, ife kukwaniritsa kuvomerezedwa zofunika za ritelo unyolo kwa kotunga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zotchulidwa mu mgwirizano.
- Pankhani ya mayendedwe, iyi ndi mtundu wapaketi wosavuta kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi mabanja masauzande ambiri ku Russia, - akuti mtsogoleri wa "Packaging equipment" malangizo a Agrotrade Company LLC. Mikhail Afarinov. - Ponena za zonyamula zing'onozing'ono, m'zaka zaposachedwa, ukonde wa 2,5 kilogalamu wokhala ndi mwayi wolongedza matumba 10 otere mu imodzi yayikulu ukuyamba kutchuka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi opanga akuluakulu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi malonda, ndipo kwa iwo ndi mwayi weniweni wogulitsa katundu wamtundu uliwonse.
“Malinga ndi kuŵerengera kwathu,” iye akutero. Tatiana Gubina, - mwa matani mamiliyoni atatu a mbatata omwe amagulitsidwa chaka chilichonse m'masitolo m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuyambira 25 mpaka 40% ndi 45+ caliber tubers. Izi, monga gawo lalikulu la zokolola zamasamba otseguka, zitha kugulitsidwa kokha chifukwa cha kulongedza mu thumba la mauna.
"Potengera kuchuluka kwa malonda m'masitolo ogulitsa, zinthu zaulimi zodzaza maukonde apulasitiki zimatsogola kwambiri," akutero Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Zhniva LLC. Victor Breev.- Ngakhale m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, kufunikira kwa mbatata mu "nyumba", "clip" kapena matumba a mapepala ndi ochepa. Ndipo pozungulira, mwachitsanzo, ku Kazan kapena Yelabuga, ogula satenga mankhwala otere, omwe amaikidwa ngati kalasi yoyamba. Kusiyana kwa mtengo ndi kalasi yachuma ndi yayikulu, chifukwa kilogalamu ya tubers muukonde imatha kuwononga ma ruble 20, ndi pamapepala - pafupifupi 100.
Mapepala sangakupulumutseni
Mwachidziwitso, thumba la grid lili ndi njira ina, koma ndani angalipirire? Wopanga aliyense amafuna kuchepetsa ndalama, kuphatikizapo kulongedza katundu, ndipo ogula alibe chidwi chowonjezera mtengo wa katundu.
- Ngati tilankhula za gawo la chilengedwe la nkhaniyi, ndiye kuti m'malo mwa ukonde m'malo mwake mudzakhala thumba la pepala, - amakhulupirira. Mikhail Afarinov.- Koma ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yonse ya ma CD chifukwa consumables. Dziweruzireni nokha: mtengo wa thumba la mauna 2,5 kilogalamu ya mbatata ndi ma ruble 2-3, "zidutswa" - ma ruble 3,5, "nyumba" - ma ruble 7-10, thumba la pepala - kuchokera ku ma ruble 15 ndi zina zambiri..
"Kampani yathu idawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 100 miliyoni pogula chingwe cholongedza mbatata m'matumba," akutero. Viktor Breev.- Mabizinesi ochepa kwambiri ku Russia ali ndi zida zotere. Tinkafuna kuonjezera ubwino wathu wampikisano, kulowa mumsika ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma CD. Koma kwenikweni, zinapezeka kuti mtengo wa phukusi umaposa mtengo wa zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Sizikudziwika kuti n’chiyani chidzabwerenso m’maganizo mwa anthu osintha zinyalala. Chifukwa chake, zingakhale bwino kusamalirira zotengera zina pasadakhale zonyamula katundu waulimi.
- Timagwiritsanso ntchito zotengera zobweza - mabokosi apulasitiki momwe zinthu zili m'matumba ang'onoang'ono amawerengedwa, - amagawana zomwe adakumana nazo Anastasia Sokolova. - Momwe ndikudziwira, ogulitsa adayesa kuyambitsa mchitidwewu kulikonse, koma ogulitsa ambiri adanyalanyaza zomwe adachita. Panalinso zobweretsera mbatata mu nkhokwe, mabokosi akuluakulu amisiri. Zosankha zonsezi ndizovuta komanso zopanda phindu, chifukwa sizimalola kuti galimotoyo ikhale yodzaza. Chotsatira chake, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zoperekera mpaka 50% ndi zina zinalembedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mavuto ndi kuvomereza kwa katundu ndi wogula, chifukwa m'malo ogawa ma unyolo ogulitsa pali kusungirako ma cell ndikuyika katundu.
Kufunika kokweza zida zopakira kungakhale vuto lalikulu kwa alimi. Mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, ndalama zolimba pakukonzanso njira zaukadaulo zidzafunika.
- Makina onyamula okha omwe amasokera masamba m'thumba la mesh ndiye wamkulu komanso wotsika mtengo kwambiri, - zolemba Mikhail Afarinov. - Opanga zapakhomo amapanga zida zofunika, zomwe zitha kugulidwa ndi alimi ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono. Koma kugulidwa kwa mizere yotumizidwa kunja komwe kumapangidwira mitundu ina yamapaketi kumakhudza thumba lawo kwambiri.
"Palibe kusowa kwa zida pamsika," akutsimikizira Anastasia Sokolova - Koma mizere yambiri yonyamula katundu yakhazikitsidwa kale, ndalama zambiri zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa iwo. Zikafika poipa kwambiri, amangoyima osagwira ntchito, kapena muyenera kusintha ma node ena, kuwononga nthawi ndikusintha makinawo kuti agwirizane ndi zida zina zonyamula.
Kumenya nkhondo
Opanga zakudya nawonso adalowa nawo pazokambirana za mutu wokhudzana ndi agro-industrial complex, zoyikapo zomwe zitha kukhala zosaloledwa.
"Alimi aku Russia ndi mapurosesa akupanga mapulani amtsogolo potengera kuthekera kogulitsa zinthu m'mapulasitiki apulasitiki," akufotokoza. Mikhail Afarinov. - Kuletsa kwakukulu kwapadera kudzasokoneza ntchito yawo kwa zaka zikubwerazi. Kungakhale koyenera kusintha malamulo okhudza mmene angaumirire wopanga ndi wogula kubweza zolongedzazo, momwe angagwiritsire ntchitonso ndi kuzigwiritsanso ntchito.
“Ndikuganiza kuti zingawakomere alimi ngati akuluakulu aboma awapatsa njira ina chiletsocho chisanakhazikitsidwe,” iye anatero. Anastasia Sokolova - Zosankha zingapo zoyikapo, koma kuti amapangidwa m'dziko lathu, ndizotsika mtengo komanso amakhala nazo nthawi zonse.
"Malingaliro anga, matumba a mauna sangathe kuletsedwa posachedwa," ndikutsimikiza Victor Breevchifukwa sikutheka kuchita popanda izo. M'malo mochita zinthu mosaganizira komanso kusokoneza ntchito ya makampani onse, zingakhale bwino kulinganiza ntchito yotaya ndi kubwezeretsanso pulasitiki m'boma.
"Lero, m'malo onse, Potato Union ikutsutsa kuletsa ukonde," akutero Tatyana Gubina, - chifukwa zidzawononga kwambiri onse opanga ndi kutha ogula zaulimi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zofalitsa zatsopano m’zoulutsira nkhani sizidzalola kukambitsirana kumene kwayamba kutha ndipo kudzakopa chidwi chowonjezereka cha anthu. Tonse tikhoza kuteteza zokonda zathu.
Irina Berg