Kuperewera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito kumakhalabe limodzi mwamavuto akulu a alimi mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Kuyambira chiwonongeko cha sukulu ya Soviet yophunzitsa akatswiri a agro-industrial complex, dongosolo la maphunziro silinathe kupereka m'malo oyenera. Ndipo lero, oyang'anira HR akukakamizika kupikisana pazaluso kuti akope anthu ofunikira.
M'misika yamsika
Masiku ano, ndi olemba anzawo ntchito omwe amapikisana pazonena zawo kwa antchito, osati mosemphanitsa. Nthawi zolembera anthu, komanso ndalama zolembera makampani, zikuchulukirachulukira, kukopa ofuna kusankhidwa kumakhala kovuta komanso kotalika. Monga mutu wa atolankhani a HeadHunter (hh.ru) South Ekaterina Nikiforova Kuchuluka kumawonedwa ngati njira yabwino pamsika wantchito, momwe muli oyambiranso 5-7,9 pa ntchito iliyonse. Mtengo wa index iyi pansipa 4 ukuwonetsa kale kuchepa kwa ogwira ntchito.
Mu 2023, mitengo yayikulu kwambiri yazaulimi idalembedwa mu Januware ndi Marichi - 3,4 ayambiranso ntchito iliyonse. Komabe, mu Epulo idayamba kutsika ndipo kumapeto kwa Meyi idatsika mpaka 2,8. Kusintha kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha mpikisano waukulu ndi magawo ena aukadaulo komanso ntchito zochepa za ofunsira. Zifukwa zina zikuphatikizapo kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito oyenerera komanso kusakondedwa kwa agro-industrial complex lonse.
Ulimi ndi gawo lopikisana kwambiri pomwe olemba anzawo ntchito amalemba ntchito zambiri zatsopano ndikupikisana nawo omwe adzalembetse ntchito. Malinga ndi Ekaterina Nikiforova Masiku ano, mabizinesi aulimi nthawi zambiri amapereka ntchito kwa akatswiri azalimi, akatswiri okonza mbewu ndi akatswiri a ziweto. Palinso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa oimira akatswiri ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale a agro-industrial, ndipo ndi kukula kwa makina opangira makina pamakampani, chiwerengero cha ntchito za akatswiri a IT chikuwonjezekanso.
«Golden" mafelemu
Katswiri pa mfundo za ogwira ntchito a Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants of Russia (Potato Union) Svetlana Sonina imodzi mwamatchulidwe omwe amafunidwa kwambiri komanso osowa amatchula ntchito ya injiniya wama hydraulic. Kuyambiranso pamapulatifomu azidziwitso ndizofala, koma 90% yaiwo ndi ya akatswiri ochokera kumafakitale ena. Koma pakukonzanso kwaulimi, ogwira ntchito oterowo ndi ofunika kulemera kwawo mu golidi, famu iliyonse komwe amathirira amafunikira.
Zimakhala zovuta kupeza Katswiriyu, kotero mabizinesi, ngakhale ndi antchito ogwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri samakana womaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite. Executive Director wa VALMIKS LLC Valentin Kozlov amawona kuti ndikofunikira kupanga malo osungirako antchito, zomwe kampani yake idzachita posachedwa. Ngati famu ikufunika akatswiri awiri azamalimi, akatswiri atatu azamalimi ayenera kulembedwa ntchito, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo akhale wamng'ono kwambiri, yemwe adzayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri kuposa zomwe ayenera kulipira. Zitha kutenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuti woyambitsa akhale katswiri, ndipo ndi bwino kulera katswiri payekha, poganizira ziyeneretso zake zamtsogolo.
Makampaniwa akusowanso kwambiri opanga makina, omwe, malinga ndi Svetlana Sonina, masiku ano mabanja masauzande ambiri ochokera ku Kaliningrad kupita ku Vladivostok akufunika. Chidziwitso chamakampani a ntchitoyi ndi nyengo, koma aliyense akufuna kusunga wantchito wotero, ngakhale atalembedwa ntchito miyezi itatu kapena isanu pachaka. Valentin Kozlov akufotokoza za kuchepa kwa oyendetsa makina potseka masukulu ambiri ndi masukulu aukadaulo komwe adaphunzitsidwa. Pakati pa omwe angapezeke masiku ano popanga, pali anthu ochepera zaka 40 okha. Ndipo pamene katswiri akuwonekera yemwe ali wokonzeka kugwira ntchito, amamutenga mokondwera, kupereka zinthu zonse ndikuthandizira kukula mwaukadaulo.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, Potato Union ikugwirizana ndi mabungwe angapo a maphunziro a sekondale. Mwachitsanzo, GBPOU MO "Lukhovitsky Agro-Industrial College", yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi Vyacheslav Smirnovamaphunzitsa akatswili amakanika, oyendetsa mathirakitala ndi oyang'anira zaulimi amakampani. Omaliza maphunziro ake ali ndi zaka 18-19 amalandira ufulu wamagulu ofunikira ndikukhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba. Atsogoleri amakampani omwe ali mamembala a Union amawapatsa mofunitsitsa ntchito m'minda yawo ndikudalira ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuchokera ku benchi yakusukulu
Agro-industrial complex ikufunika antchito omwe safuna chidziwitso chapadera ndi luso. Polemba antchito oterowo, mutha kudziyang'anira nokha akatswiri apadera amtsogolo ndikukonzekera maphunziro awo opitilira. Tikukamba, ndithudi, za achinyamata: ana asukulu ndi ophunzira.
Svetlana Sonina amalankhula za zomwe zachitika mabizinesi a Union pokopa ana asukulu, ofunsira ntchito ndi ophunzira achichepere kuti akolole mbewu za anyezi za botanical ndikusankha masamba. Pazochitika zoterezi - ndi chisankho cha mkulu wa bungwe la maphunziro Alexei Zinoviev - GBPOU MO "N. T. Kozlov Kolomna Agrarian College" mwachizolowezi amachita nawo. Anyamatawo amaphunzira zofunikira za ntchito ya agronomist ndipo, ndithudi, amalandira malipiro a ntchito yawo. Kwa iwo, uwu ndi mwayi waukulu kuyesa khalidwe ndi luso loyankhulana mu gulu la akuluakulu.
Si chaka choyamba kuti mamembala a Potato Union akhala akugwirizana ndi gulu "Russian ophunzira magulu". Nthawi zonse muzigwira ntchito ndi nthambi yake yachigawo m'chigawo cha Moscow, motsogoleredwa ndi Pavel Kovalev. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa LLC "SPK dzina lake Lenin" Andrey Grachkovsky chaka chatha adalemba mbiri yeniyeni polemba ntchito gulu la anthu 52 pabizinesi yake. Woyang'anira mnzake wa Lesnye Dali LLC Vitaly Shtopel imagwiritsanso ntchito mwachangu ntchito za ophunzira pazachuma pantchito zanyengo.
Gulu la makampani a Dmitrovskie Vegetables, makamaka, JSC Agrofirma Bunyatino, alinso ndi luso lokopa ophunzira kuti azigwira ntchito. General Director wa bizinesi SERGEY Schukin adayika maziko opangira zida zamagulu pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito makina amtsogolo. Kampaniyo idapitilira derali ndikuyitanitsa anyamata ochokera kumadera akutali, mwachitsanzo, ku Siberia. Malinga ndi Svetlana Sonina, adatsata njira yomweyo mu gulu la makampani a Malino.
Tsoka ilo, oimira mbadwo watsopano safuna nthawi zonse kugwirizanitsa moyo ndi ulimi. Malinga ndi kupenya Valentina Kozlova, achinyamata nthaŵi zambiri sasonyeza chidwi ndi ntchito zaulimi zimene iwowo asankha. Ophunzira a sukulu zaukadaulo pafupi ndi Moscow, komwe amaphunzitsa zimango, amabwera ku VALMIKS LLC kuti akaphunzire maphunziro apamwamba. Atafunsidwa chomwe chinawabweretsa kuno, anyamata ena amalankhula moona mtima za chikhumbo chawo chofuna kupeza chikalata cha sukulu ya maphunziro. Zochita zenizeni m'zinthu zamakono zaulimi, mwayi wophunzira chinachake ndikupeza ndalama sizikuphatikizidwa muzokonzekera zawo.
Panjira yopita ku ufulu
M'dziko lathu, mchitidwe wokopa anthu omwe ali m'ndende m'mabungwe owongolera ntchito zaulimi ukufalikira. Monga tafotokozera Svetlana Sonina, kuchokera kumabizinesi omwe ali m'mabizinesi, anthu amasankhidwa kuti azigwira ntchito yoyeretsa, kusanja kapena kuyika zinthu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, akatswiri oyenerera kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa omangidwa. Ndiye mafamuwo amakhala ndi mwayi wopeza mainjiniya wanzeru, ukadaulo, dalaivala, makanika, ndi zina zotero.
JSC "Ozyory", yomwe ili mbali ya Malino Group of Companies, ikugwira nawo ntchito ya Federal Penitentiary Service ya Russia. Kupyolera mu kuyesetsa kwa CEO SERGEY Pryamov chifukwa chokhalamo gulu ili la ogwira ntchito, UFITS inamangidwa - malo apadera omwe amagwira ntchito ngati malo owongolera. Malingana ndi mlingo wa chitonthozo ndi zipangizo, zimatchedwa zabwino kwambiri ku dera la Moscow. Kulemba ntchito omangidwa, akuyesera kupanga mikhalidwe yomwe imawalola kuwulula zomwe angathe.
Lesnye Dali LLC idasainanso mgwirizano ndi dipatimenti ya Federal Penitentiary Service ku Russia ku Chigawo cha Moscow, ndipo tsopano antchito amabwera kuno kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a dzikolo. Pofuna kuwapatsa nyumba, nyumba ya hostel ya m’deralo inagulidwa ndi kukonzedwanso. Vitaly Shtopel amakhulupirira kuti kutengapo mbali kwa omangidwa kumathandizira kuthetsa bwino nkhani za ogwira ntchito. Ndipo pakakhala kuchuluka kwa antchito nthawi zonse, mutha kukonzekera bwino kukula ndi chitukuko cha kampaniyo kwa zaka zikubwerazi. Komanso, kuthandiza anthu opunthwa kuti ayambe njira yowongoleredwa ndi ntchito yabwino.
Mu miyambo yabwino
Sikokwanira kupatsa wogwira ntchito ntchito yokhazikika ndikuyembekezera zomugwirira ntchito. Svetlana Sonina Ndikukhulupirira kuti kumbali ya bizinesi, kuwonetsa chidwi kwa ogwira nawo ntchito kuyenera kuchitika m'njira zenizeni.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati ophunzira abwera kudzayeserera, ndikofunikira kuwapatsa moyo wabwino: nyumba yabwino, chakudya chabwino. Onetsani akatswiri amtsogolo kukongola kwa malo ogwira ntchito ndi kupanga nthawi zonse, amawaphatikizira mu chikhalidwe chamakampani. Koma, chofunika kwambiri, achinyamata ayenera kutengedwa nthawi yomweyo pansi pa mapiko a alangizi odziwa bwino omwe apanga kale ntchito ku bizinesi, ndi zofunika kwambiri kutsitsimutsa bungwe la uphungu mu mawonekedwe ake enieni, monga momwe zinalili mu nthawi za Soviet.
Olemba ntchito amakono akuyesera kukopa antchito ndi malipiro abwino. Ekaterina Nikiforovа adatsimikizira izi ndi data kuchokera patsamba hh.ru. Ambiri, mu Russia, pafupifupi anapereka malipiro mu May chaka chino anali pafupifupi 70 zikwi rubles kwa Katswiri Katswiriyu (19% kuposa 2021), 68 zikwi rubles kwa teknoloji, 61 zikwi rubles kwa makaniko, 65 zikwi .rubles. - kwa katswiri wa ziweto, 58 zikwi rubles - kwa veterinarian.
Pa zomwe ndakumana nazo monga manejala Valentin Kozlov kukhulupirira kuti kukweza malipiro kuti akope antchito atsopano ndi kusunga antchito sikokwanira. Chifukwa chake, VALMIX LLC ikukhazikitsa njira yolimbikitsira yomwe imalola anthu omwe akufuna komanso kudziwa kupanga ndalama zabwino. Apanso, tidzayenera kutembenukira ku machitidwe akale a Soviet, pamene atsogoleri adapatsidwa malipiro otchedwa 13 kumapeto kwa chaka. M'mikhalidwe yamakono, mwiniwake wamalonda amatha kupereka mphoto kwa antchito odalirika kwambiri ndi mabonasi. Kukula kwawo kuyenera kupitirira malipiro apakati, ngati n'kotheka kangapo, kotero kuti wolandirayo azindikire kufunikira kwake ndikuyesetsa kulungamitsa chikhulupilirocho.
Vitaly Shtopel Ndine wotsimikiza kuti ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe imaganiziridwa bwino ikufunika kuti ikope anthu. Oyang'anira a Lesnye Dali adaganiza zogula ndikumanganso hostel ina, yomwe ipanga pafupifupi zipinda khumi ndi ziwiri za zipinda ziwiri za ogwira ntchito amtsogolo. Ntchito yomanga kanyumba kakang'ono kanyumba 15 kokhazikitsidwa bwino ndi ziwembu zapakhomo ikukonzedwanso kuti ikwaniritsidwe. Malo omalizidwa a nyumba ayenera kukopa akatswiri achinyamata omwe akwanitsa kuyambitsa mabanja ochokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a dziko.
Kuchokera kwa omvera kupita ku gawo
Ekaterina Nikiforova inanena kuti kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa chaka, makampani a ku Russia ogwirizana ndi ulimi ayika ntchito zoposa 48 pa hh.ru. Izi ndi pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu (+ 28%) kuposa mu 2022 ndi 51% kuposa mu 2021. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa antchito atsopano kunalembedwa ku Moscow (9% ya malo), Krasnodar Territory (8%) ndi Voronezh Region (6%). Pa nthawi yomweyi, chiwerengero cha ofunsira, m'malo mwake, chimasonyeza khalidwe loipa. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira Januware mpaka Meyi mu 2021, olemba anzawo ntchito adayika malo pafupifupi 1,1 agronomist, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mu 2023 panali opitilira 2.
Cholakwika chachikulu Valentin Kozlov imatchula mfundo ya maphunziro apamwamba apakhomo pakupereka ma dipuloma kwa akatswiri a maganizo, osati kuphunzitsa akatswiri. M'malingaliro ake, mizu yamavuto yopanga ndi maphunziro athu, omwe adataya zaka 30-40 zapitazo. Zotsatira zake, kutsika kwa msinkhu wake kuchoka kudziko kupita kukatikati.
Yankho la vuto Svetlana Sonina akuwona pakukwaniritsidwa kwa lingaliro la maphunziro lomwe wapampando wa Potato Union, wamkulu wa JSC "Malino" Sergei Lupekhin. Lingaliroli limatengera kutsogola kwa kachitidwe kuposa chiphunzitso, ndikujambulanso ndandanda yophunzirira m'njira yoti ophunzira a chaka chachitatu ndi chachinayi amathera mpaka 60% ya nthawi yawo yophunzirira m'mabizinesi, osati m'makalasi. Ophunzira m'madera a maphunziro "agronomy", "agrochemistry", "agroengineering" ndi zina zotero ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wodziwa makina ulimi ku yunivesite ndi kupeza ufulu kusamalira izo.
Ntchitoyi idathandizidwa ndi abwenzi a Union - Institute of Agrobiotechnologies ya Timiryazev Academy ndi Tula State Pedagogical University yotchedwa L. N. Tolstoy. Mwachitsanzo, ndi chisankho cha Rector of Tula Pedagogical University Konstantin Podrezov, kuyambira September 1, 2023, ophunzira a chaka chachitatu ndi chachinayi cha Faculty of Natural Sciences, madera ophunzirira "Agronomy", "Biology", "Biotechnology". ", ndi Faculty of Technology and Business, madera ophunzirira "Service of Vehicles", "Technical Systems in Agribusiness", adzayamba internship ku Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC malinga ndi ndondomeko ya 50/50 (50% ya nthawi yophunzira muzochita, 50% mu maphunziro).
Chida chophunzitsira chothandiza Svetlana Sonina amaona ntchito Federal "Professionality", mu chimango chimene JSC "Ozyory" ndi Kolomna Agricultural College, pamodzi ndi ophunzira ena, akumanga maphunziro ndi kupanga "Agrocluster" m'chigawo Moscow. Ophunzira omwe amaphunzira nawo amakula pazinthu zabwino kwambiri zamaphunziro - kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga bizinesi yaulimi.
Irina Berg