Svetlana Konstantinova, Mtsogoleri wa Potato Kuswana ndi Mbewu Gulu, Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture - nthambi ya FGBNU FARC ya North-East.
Asayansi a Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture amachita kafukufuku wasayansi pankhani yoweta ndi kupanga mbewu za tirigu ndi mbewu za nyemba, udzu osatha, soya, hop ndi mbatata.
Sukuluyi idayamba kuchita zoweta mbatata mu 2010, iyi ndi gawo laling'ono lazochita za bungwe lathu lasayansi komanso Chuvashia yonse. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika limodzi ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Federal Potato Research Center yotchedwa V.I. A.G. Lorkha: pa dongosolo lathu, amatumiza ma hybrids a tuber omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ku Research Institute of Agriculture.
Monga lamulo, timapempha mitundu yoyambirira komanso yapakati, popeza mitundu yapakati pa nyengo m'chigawo cha Volga-Vyatka sichingazindikire kuthekera kwawo chifukwa cha nyengo, pali chisanu choyambirira.
Ngati tilankhula za komwe tikupita, timakonda mitundu ya tebulo, ngakhale kuti msika ukusintha pang'onopang'ono, ogula akuyamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi mitundu yopangira zinthu zakuya, zosungirako vacuum. Timaganizira mtundu wa peel ndi zamkati, kuya kwa maso. Tsopano mitundu yokhala ndi khungu loyera ndi thupi lachikasu ndiyofunika kwambiri, koma zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zapitazo mitundu yokhala ndi khungu lofiira ndi thupi loyera inali yotchuka kwambiri. Komanso chofunika kwambiri ndi kukana choipitsa mochedwa, Alternaria ndi matenda ena wamba.
Kuchokera pa ma hybrids omwe amabwera, timasankha zomwe zingakusangalatseni m'dera lathu. Kuyambira m'chaka chachiwiri cha kulima, timasankha zitsanzo zoyesa koyambirira (kusankhidwa kumachitidwa motsatira njira zoposa 50: timamvetsera kusakanikirana kwa chitsamba, chiwerengero cha tubers, ndi zina zotero). Ndiye atsogoleri a siteji iyi amapita ku mayesero akuluakulu, ndiyeno ku mpikisano. Zosankha zomwe pamapeto pake zikuwonetsa zotsatira zabwinoko poyerekeza ndi miyezo yomwe ilipo mdera lathu, timapereka kuyesa kosiyanasiyana kwa boma. Iyi ndi ntchito yayitali komanso yovuta kwambiri.
Mu banki ya nkhumba ya obereketsa a Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture, mpaka pano pali mitundu imodzi yokha ya mbatata - Avan (patent yakuchita bwino kuswana idalandiridwa mu 2020). Avan wochokera ku Chuvash amatanthauza zabwino, zathanzi. Pakati koyambirira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tebulo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri: khungu ndi pinki, thupi ndi loyera. Pachisa, pafupifupi, kuyambira 8 mpaka 12 ma tubers akuluakulu (aang'ono, olemera osachepera 30 g, sangakhalepo konse).
Zosiyanasiyana sizimayenderana ndi nyengo, zimapereka zokolola zabwino muzaka zowuma komanso munyengo zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kugonjetsedwa ndi phytophthora (kuphatikiza pamwamba), chifukwa cha khungu lowundana loyenera kukolola ndi makina.
Koma sitisiya. Mu 2021, malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso ampikisano, manambala 14 adasankhidwa. Kumapeto kwa dzinja akatswiri athu adzaunika momwe ma accessions adapulumuka nthawi yosungira: omwe adamera koyambirira adzakanidwa (mitundu yotereyi imatha kukhala ndi tuberization yachiwiri).
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yoweta, Chuvash Research Institute of Agriculture ikupanga mbewu zoyambirira za mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya mbatata: Zhukovsky oyambirira, Avan, Vineta, Courage, Irbitsky, Vympel, Reggi.
Timapanga zambewu (mbatata za gulu la osankhika zimagulitsidwa) makamaka m'mafamu a mbatata ku Chuvash Republic, palinso makasitomala okhazikika m'chigawo cha Samara ndi Republic of Kazakhstan. Pakati pa ogula palinso anthu payekha (LPH).
Pakalipano, pali voliyumu yokwanira yopanga aliyense, ngakhale pano, pomwe palibe zambiri zomwe zatsala mpaka masika, tili ndi malo enaake. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kwa zaka zingapo zotsatizana mitengo ya mbatata ku Russia ndi Kazakhstan inali yotsika kwambiri, ndipo anthu ochepa amafuna kuthana ndi mbewuyi. Chaka chatha, mtengo wa mbatata unakwera, ndipo kufunika kwa mbewu nthawi yomweyo kunakula.
M'tsogolomu, ndikuganiza, malangizowo adzakula, pali mipata yonse yolima mbatata ku Republic.