Chigawo cha North Caucasian Federal District chimaphatikizapo maphunziro 7 a federal:
• Dziko la Dagestan,
• Republic of Ingushetia,
• Kabardino-Balkarian Republic,
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic,
• Republic of North Ossetia - Alania,
• Chechen Republic,
• Stavropol dera.
Malo: 172,4 masauzande mita km
Anthu: Anthu 9 967 301, omwe 49, 91% ndi okhala kumidzi.
Malo: kumwera kwa gawo la Europe la Russia, chigawo chapakati ndi chakum'mawa kwa North Caucasus.
Nyengo: pazigwa - kontinenti, youma. M'mphepete mwa mapiri - ochulukirapo komanso onyowa, m'mapiri - ozizira kwambiri, m'mabeseni - otentha. Nthawi yachisanu imakhala yopanda chipale chofewa, chilimwe chimakhala chouma komanso chotentha. Nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa January ndi -3,2 ° C (mpaka -10 ° C m'mapiri), +20,4 ° C mu July (mpaka +14 ° C m'mapiri). Mvula ndi 300-500 millimeters pachaka (m'zigwa), m'mapiri - oposa 600 millimeters.
Mpumulo: madera ambiri amakhala ndi steppe zone (kumpoto ndi pakati pa chigawochi). Malo otsetsereka ali kumwera ndipo amachokera kumpoto chakumadzulo mpaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira kumapiri a Caucasus.
Nthaka: 26% - dothi la chestnut ndi zovuta, dothi la meadow-chestnut, loposa 25% - dothi la chernozems ndi meadow-chernozem. Kupitilira 6%
khalani ndi dothi la dambo, makamaka solonetzic ndi solonchakous, oposa 4% - bulauni ndi dambo-bulauni, wina 3% - floodplain
nthaka. Mchenga umapanga oposa 4% a gawo la chigawo, solonetzes ndi solonchaks - oposa 1%. Kuposa 7% ya chivundikiro cha nthaka imayimiridwa ndi burozems, oposa 20% - ndi dothi lamapiri-dambo ndi mapiri-meadow-steppe (deta yochokera ku Information System "Soil Geographical Database of Russia").
Malo azaulimi: 3153847 ha.
Agriculture - imodzi mwamagawo otsogola azachuma m'chigawocho (malo achinayi pakati pa zigawo za Russian Federation pakupanga masamba, tirigu
ndi nyemba: pafupifupi 15,6% masamba, 10% chimanga ndi nyemba, 4,7% mbatata ndi beets shuga).
Пochvenno-nyengo yabwino kukula mbatata. M'dera lonselo, ndizotheka kupeza mbewu ziwiri pa nyengo. Mavuto akulu omwe akulepheretsa kukula kwa mbatata ku North Caucasus Federal District ndi: kusowa kwa mbewu zapamwamba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, kusowa kwa zida zamakono, komanso kusowa kwa malo osungira.
REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Chigawo: 50,27 zikwi lalikulu mamita km
Ili kumapiri a kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Greater Caucasus komanso mbali ya zigwa za Caspian, 67% ya gawoli ndi malo olima.
Kukula kwaulimi kumatsimikizira moyo wa anthu opitilira theka la anthu: pafupifupi 55% ya anthu amakhala
kumidzi.
Mbatata ku Dagestan amalimidwa m'madera onse achilengedwe komanso nyengo, kuchokera kumadera otsetsereka amapiri okwera mpaka 2500.
mamita pamwamba pa nyanja, kupita ku zigwa za Caspian pansi pa mlingo wa nyanja ya dziko (-28 m).
Kupanga pafupifupi 98% ya mbatata kumakhazikika m'malo ocheperako a anthu. Chaka chilichonse, pansi kulima mbewu imeneyi mu
pafupifupi mahekitala 19 amaperekedwa ku Republic (pamafamu amitundu yonse). Pofika pa Okutobala 1, 2021, mbatata zidakololedwa kuchokera ku mahekitala 18,1 ku Republic,
Matani 339,4 adakumbidwa ndi zokolola za 187 centner pa hekitala.
Madera akuluakulu omwe amalima mbatata ndi Levashinsky (mahekitala opitilira 3 pansi pa mbatata), Akushinsky (mahekitala 2,1), Khasavyurtovsky (mahekitala 1430).
ndi Buynaksky (1280 ha).
M'gawo lolinganizidwa, mahekitala 2021 a malo olimidwa aperekedwa kuti amere mbatata mu 400. Malinga ndi akatswiri a Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Chakudya
Ku Dagestan, kuti kulima mbewu imeneyi m'madera akuluakulu, ndalama zambiri zimafunika, komanso kupezeka kwa zida zapadera. Pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwa madera omwe amalima mbatata, dipatimentiyi ikufuna kupereka ndalama zina pamtengo wogula makina aulimi.
Cholepheretsa kwambiri kukula kwa mbatata m'dziko la Republic ndikusowa kwa zobzala zapamwamba kwambiri. Dothi ndi nyengo ya Dagestan ndi yabwino kulima mbatata, kuphatikiza kupanga mbewu zoyambira popanda ma virus. Koma ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu zobzala kumabwera ku dziko la Republic kuchokera kumadera ena a Russian Federation, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwamitundu yotsika komanso yopanda mitundu, yomwe imakhudza zokolola ndi kuchuluka kwa zosonkhanitsa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti madera ambiri a dziko la Republic, makamaka malo olimapo, ali m'madera opanda chinyezi, kumene kuli kosatheka kuchita ntchito zaulimi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ulimi wothirira. Malinga ndi Analytical Department of the Office of the Federation Council (Analytical Bulletin No. 4 (764), Dagestan ndi imodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu kwambiri za mbiri yakale.
ulimi wothirira, womwe umakhala pafupifupi 10% ya nthaka yonse yothirira mu Russian Federation. Dera lonse la ulimi wothirira m'dzikoli ndi mahekitala 396. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 70% ya zokolola za Republic zimapangidwa
pa malo othirira. Zokolola za mbatata zomwe zimabzalidwa pa ulimi wothirira zimafika 60-70 t/ha.
Malinga ndi Dagestanstat (Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Dagestan), m'magulu onse a mafamu:
Год | 2018 | 1019 | 2020 |
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 19818 | 18972 | 18000 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 356,2 | 353,4 | 357,0 |
production, c.ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 186,2 |
KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC
12,5 zikwi sq. km
Ili kumapiri a kumpoto kwa chigawo chapakati cha Caucasus ndi m’chigwa choyandikana nacho. Mafamu amatenga pafupifupi 55,8% ya gawolo. Njira yayikulu yolima mbewu ndi kulima mbewu monga chimanga ndi nyemba.
Ma voliyumu akuluakulu akupanga akukhazikika m'maboma a Zolsky, Prokhladnensky, Baksansky, Maysky ndi Tersky. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Kabardino-Balkaria, pafupifupi 52% yazogulitsa zonse zimagwera m'mafakitale ndi 48% pamafamu apadera.
Mu 2021, pofika pa Okutobala 1, chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta, mbewuyo idakololedwa kuchokera ku mahekitala 6,3 (m'minda yamagulu onse), 110.
matani masauzande azinthu zokolola za 173 q/ha. Mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba adakolola mbatata kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 4, zokolola zonse zidakwana matani 0,02 ndi zokolola za 0,7 centner pa hekitala.
Nthaka ndi nyengo (kutentha, chinyezi, mvula, kusachulukana kwa onyamula matenda a virus, etc.) m'mphepete mwa mapiri ndi mapiri a Republic amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri pakulima mbewu za mbatata.
Malinga ndi Severo-Kavkazstat (Dipatimenti ya Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), ku Kabardino-Balkaria:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
m'minda yamitundu yonse | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 8400 | 8300 | 7900 |
zokolola, zapakati/ha | - | 235,5 | 236,1 |
m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 2500 | 2800 | 2500 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 87,9 | 103,8 | 93,4 |
Kusankha ndi kupanga mbewu za mbatata ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito ya Institute of Agriculture ya KBSC RAS. Asayansi a Institute pamodzi ndi Federal Research Center for Potato dzina lake pambuyo A. G. Lorkha (Moscow) akugwira ntchito yolenga ndi kuyambitsa mitundu yokolola kwambiri mu ulimi wa dera. Chifukwa cha ntchito limodzi m'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu isanu ya mbatata yawonekera, yosinthidwa
nthaka ndi nyengo ndi zokolola za 30-35 matani pa hekitala: Goryanka, Nart-1, Zolsky, Musinsky ndi Nalchik. Onsewa akuphatikizidwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation.
Wopanga kwambiri mbatata ku Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Zolsky Potato Company.
Chisamaliro chochuluka mu republic chimaperekedwa ku chitukuko cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa nthaka.
KARACHAYEV-CIRCASSIAN REPUBLIC
14,3 zikwi sq. km
Ili m'mphepete mwa mapiri a kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Caucasus. Gawo la anthu akumidzi ndi 57,7%.
Dziko la Karachay-Cherkess ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi madera ena a kumpoto kwa Caucasus malinga ndi malo a nthaka, chifukwa
zosakwana theka la gawo ndi oyenera ulimi - 786,9 mahekitala. Nthawi yomweyo, malo olima amangotenga mahekitala 155, kapena 26,6% ya nthaka yaulimi.
Kupanga kwakukulu kwa mbatata kumakhazikika m'mabanja.
Mu 2021, mahekitala 7441 amakhala ndi mbatata ku Karachay-Cherkessia, pomwe mahekitala 6063 ali m'nyumba, mahekitala 936 ali m'minda ya anthu wamba, ndipo mahekitala 442 ali m'mabungwe aulimi. Pofika pa Okutobala 1, mbewuyo idakololedwa kuchokera ku mahekitala 6245, matani 79,6 sauzande azinthu adalandiridwa ndi zokolola za 127,4 centner pa hekitala.
REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA
8 zikwi sq. km
Ili m'chigawo chapakati cha North Caucasus. Malo aulimi ndi mahekitala 297,5, omwe ndi malo olimako
- 183,7 mahekitala zikwi.
Mbewu zazikulu zaulimi zomwe zimalimidwa m'dzikoli ndi mbewu monga chimanga ndi nyemba, komanso mbatata.
Nyengo ya 2021 inali yovuta ku North Ossetia, chifukwa cha nyengo, alimi amayenera kusintha kwambiri masiku okolola. Komanso, mu
Derali linali ndi vuto lalikulu la ntchito. Chifukwa chake, pofika pa Okutobala 1, m'minda yamitundu yonse, mbatata idakololedwa kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 2,2.
ha, matani 34,6 zikwi anakololedwa ndi zokolola za 157,1 q/ha. Voliyumu yomwe ikuyembekezeka ndi matani 96,2. M'gawo la mafakitale, mbatata imakololedwa
kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 0,2, matani 3,5 adakololedwa ndi zokolola za 226,8 q/ha.
Nyengo yotsatira, malinga ndi kulosera kwa Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Chakudya ku Republic, dera la minda ya mbatata lidzawonjezedwa ndi mahekitala 900, zomwe zithandizira kuchepetsa mitengo yazinthu m'derali.
North Ossetia ndi amodzi mwa madera otsogola ku Russia pakupanga mbewu za mbatata. Fat-Agro LLC ndiye omwe amapanga mbewu za mbatata zopanda kachilomboka zamitundu yosankhika yazosankha zapakhomo komanso zakunja. Kuchuluka kwambewu zopangidwa ndi Fat-Agro LLC kumaposa zosowa za Republic, chifukwa chake, ma microplants, ma microtubers, minitubers, osankhika ndi mbewu zobala koyamba zimagulitsidwa ndi bizinesi mkati ndi kunja. Kupanga kwa kubalana
mbewu za mbatata ku republic imagwiranso ntchito ku Kadgaron-Agro LLC.
Kubwezeretsanso nthaka kukukula m'derali, mu 2021 akukonzekera kuti agwiritse ntchito mahekitala oposa 2 zikwi za nthaka yothirira.
REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
3,6 zikwi sq. km
Ili pamapiri a kumpoto kwa mapiri a Greater Caucasus Range (m'chigawo chake chapakati) komanso pafupi ndi ang'onoang'ono.
zitunda - Tersky, Sunzhensky ndi Skalist.
Malinga ndi Severo-Kavkazstat (Dipatimenti ya Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), ku Karachay-Cherkess Republic:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
m'minda yamitundu yonse | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 8700 | 7800 | 7900 |
zokolola, zapakati/ha | 123,8 | 107,9 | 104,9 |
m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 500 | 200 | 200 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 4,0 | 3,4 | 1,7 |
zokolola, zapakati/ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 0,286 |
Anthu ambiri (57,5%) amakhala kumidzi.
Dera lonse laulimi ku Ingushetia ndi mahekitala opitilira 150, omwe pafupifupi theka lawo ndi malo olimako. Dzikoli limakhazikika pa kulima mbewu zambewu (tirigu, buckwheat, etc.), mpendadzuwa, masamba ndi mbatata.
Mu 2021, malo omwe adabzala mbatata m'mafamu amitundu yonse anali mahekitala 3,7.
Malinga ndi Severo-Kavkazstat (Dipatimenti ya Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), ku Republic of North Ossetia-Alania:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
m'minda yamitundu yonse | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 5000 | 4300 | 4100 |
zokolola, zapakati/ha | 99,3 | 89,2 | 96,1 |
m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 2800 | 2400 | 1100 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 32,9 | 26,9 | - |
Malinga ndi Severo-Kavkazstat (Dipatimenti ya Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), ku Ingushetia:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
m'minda yamitundu yonse | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 3100 | 3000 | 2700 |
zokolola, zapakati/ha | 37,3 | 33,0 | 30,2 |
m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata, ha | 703 | 750 | 500 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 4,0 | 0,4 | 0,2 |
CHECHEN REPUBLIC
16,1 zikwi sq. km
Imakhala kumapiri a kumpoto kwa Greater Caucasus, komanso mapiri oyandikana nawo ndi zigwa. Ambiri mwa anthu (63,6%) amakhala
kumidzi. M'mapangidwe a nthaka yaulimi, malo olima amakhala mahekitala 14. Kulima mbatata kumachitika m'madera onse amapiri.
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Chechen Republic, mu 2020, mahekitala 600 adapatsidwa mbatata m'mafakitale.
Derali nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi chilala, choncho, limapereka chidwi kwambiri pakukula kwa melioration. Mu 2021, Chechen Republic ikukonzekera kugawa mahekitala 3 a nthaka yothirira, komanso mahekitala 820 a malo opuma pantchito.
Malinga ndi Chechenstat (Territorial authority of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Chechen Republic):
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
m'mafamu amitundu yonse: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata ndi mavwende a masamba, ha | 12600 | 13600 | 11700 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 32,1 | 32,7 | 38,7 |
zokolola, zapakati/ha | 100,4 | 99,9 | 94,5 |
m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata ndi mavwende a masamba, ha | 5600 | 6500 | 4300 |
Malinga ndi Severo-Kavkazstat (Dipatimenti ya Federal State Statistics Service for the North Caucasian Federal District), ku Stavropol Territory:
Год | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
m'mafamu amitundu yonse: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi mbatata, ha | 14000 | 13600 | 13100 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 232,5 | 217,6 | 218,0 |
m'mabungwe aulimi ndi minda ya anthu wamba: | |||
malo ofesedwa pansi pa mbatata ndi mavwende a masamba, ha | 5000 | 5500 | 5200 |
kukolola kwakukulu, matani chikwi | 115,5 | 113,0 | 137,0 |
Gawo la STAVROPOL
66,5 zikwi sq. km
Ili m'chigawo chapakati cha Ciscaucasia komanso kumtunda wakumpoto kwa Greater Caucasus.
Ndilo limodzi mwa madera omwe amalima mbewu zambiri ku Russia. Koma imadziwikanso ndi kupanga masamba (anyezi, kaloti, kabichi, beets, nkhaka, tomato) ndi mbatata. Amagwira nawo ntchito zaulimi 241 (mabizinesi aulimi 45 ndi minda ya anthu 196). Mabizinesi aulimi amderali ndi omwe amalima kwambiri mbewu monga mbatata (50%), anyezi (46%), kaloti (40%), pomwe 60% ya beets amapangidwa ndi minda ya anthu wamba.
Mabizinesi akuluakulu omwe amalima mbatata ali m'maboma a Ipatovsky, Predgorny, Krasnogvardeysky ndi Kirov. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri m'derali ndi Colomba, Gala, Romano, Red Scarlett.
Mu 2021, mbatata idabzalidwa pa mahekitala 6 m'mafakitale. Alimi anayamba kukolola mitundu yochedwa ya mbatata
kumapeto kwa September, pamene nyengo inali yabwino. Malinga ndi maulamuliro a zaulimi (madipatimenti) am'maboma ndi m'matauni,
Kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, matani 3,2 a mbatata adakololedwa kuchokera kudera la mahekitala 90,4, ndi zokolola za 280 q/ha. Pazonse, zidakonzedwa kuti zikolole matani 2021 a mbatata mu 138.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa zokolola za mbatata m'derali ndikukula kwakusankhika komanso kupanga mbewu zoberekera.
Meristemnye kultury LLC ndi bungwe lokhalo ku Stavropol Territory lomwe limagwira ntchito yopangira mbewu za mbatata potengera chikhalidwe cha minofu. Bizinesiyo pachaka imapanga matani 1-2 a mbatata yapamwamba kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ntchito yoweta, mitundu isanu yatsopano idabeledwa.
Kukula kwa ulimi wamthirira kumawonedwa ngati chinsinsi cha bata lachuma cha alimi m'derali.
Chaka chino, ntchito zatsopano za ulimi wothirira 14 zikugwira ntchito m'maboma 26 a dera lomwe lili ndi mahekitala oposa 12. Mpaka 2024, Stavropol Territory ikukonzekera kuwonjezera malo othirira ndi mahekitala 52. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi 2016, dera la ulimi wothirira lidzawonjezeka ndi nthawi 2,5 - ndi mahekitala 73. Zochita kumbali iyi zikuchitika kale: mu 2022, mapulojekiti atsopano omwe adakonzedwa kuti atumizidwe apangidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Adzagwira malo okwana mahekitala 11,5.