Pakati pa masamba a borscht, kabichi yoyera imakhala imodzi mwamalo otsogola pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa malonda, ngakhale sizimabweretsa ndalama zambiri kwa opanga zaulimi. Alimi ochokera kumadera omwe ali ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana adalankhula za zovuta zakukula mbewuyi, momwe zinthu zilili m'minda pakutha kwa nyengo komanso chiyembekezo cha kukolola kotsatira.
Andrey Babushkin, famu wamba Babushkin A. A., Republic of Mari El
- Tidayamba zaka zoposa 10 zapitazo ndi kabichi yoyera, yomwe tidabzala kudera la mahekitala 30, koma kenako tidayang'ana kwambiri mbatata. Chifukwa chachikulu ndikuti kupanga kwake kumafuna ntchito zambiri zamanja, koma kulima ma tubers kumakina mwamakina momwe mungathere. Nyengo ino, mahekitala 13 aperekedwa kwa kabichi pafamu, monga kale.
Mbewu iyi ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa kwambiri kapena yosapindulitsa kwambiri, kutengera mtengo wokhazikitsidwa pamsika wamba. Chifukwa chake, 2022 m'derali zidakhala zolephera kwa olima masamba, ndipo 2021 idabweretsa phindu lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri, kabichi imadziwika ndi kulumpha kwakukulu kwamitengo: imatha kugulitsidwa ma ruble 50 pa kilogalamu, kapena ma ruble 5.
Mu theka loyamba la July, kabichi m'minda ya republic ikuwoneka yoipa kwambiri kuti ndi tchimo kudandaula. Mbandezo zinamera bwino, panali chinyezi chokwanira, ndipo kunalibe kutentha kwakukulu. Ngakhale njenjete za kabichi siziyambitsa mavuto ambiri. Padakali pano ziyembekezo zokolola m'tsogolo sizili zoipa ndipo ndikuganiza kuti chaka chino chikhala bwino pa mbewu.
Lero ndi nthawi yotanganidwa kwa opanga kabichi oyambirira kuchokera ku Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region, ndi Dagestan, koma ife sitiri opikisana nawo. Anzathu ochokera kumadera akummwera akagulitsa katundu wawo, msika umakhala bata kwakanthawi. Ndipo mu August, pamene pakati pa nyengo kabichi imacha, kugulitsa masambawa kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa mu June ndi July.
Panthawi yokolola zambiri, mu September, mitengo imatsika. Panthawiyi, alimi omwe alibe mwayi wosungira mbewu zawo amakhala okonzeka kupereka ndalama zilizonse. Apa ogulitsa amakhala okangalika, ndipo amatumiza ena a kabichi ku malonda ogulitsa, ndi ena kukakonza. Ngati kufunikira kuli kokhazikika, mtengo wake umakhalabe pamlingo wovomerezeka; ngati sichoncho, alimi amasamba amakakamizika kuchita malonda motayika. Koma mafamu ambiri, monga athu, amaika mbewu zawo m’nkhokwe poyembekezera kukwera mitengo kwa zinthu zawo.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwanga, Mari El ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga kabichi yoyera ku Russia. M'chigawo chathu cha Gornomariysky chokha, chimakhala pafupifupi mahekitala 3,5. M'dzinja, magalimoto olemera 50-60 amachoka m'gawo lake tsiku lililonse, kubweretsa masamba ku Russia konse, mpaka ku Far East. Zowona, tsopano kuchuluka kwa zokolola zatsika, chifukwa panali zaka zambiri pomwe zokolola zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Republic ndi sitima.
Valentin Myakushev, peasant farm Myakushev V.S., Kaliningrad region
- Chilala champhamvu kwambiri chakhala m'derali kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa masika, chifukwa chake, mbewu zonse zavutika, osati kabichi yoyera yokha. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zapafamu yathu zinatsala pang’ono kufa. Kunalibe mvula ngakhale mu May ndi theka loyamba la June, choncho kabichi ankabzalidwa pamalo owuma, ndiyeno mvula inayembekezeredwa kwa milungu ina itatu. Anathirira okha, koma izi sizinali zokwanira kwa mbewu zokonda chinyezi, ndipo tsopano sizikuwoneka bwino. Mungathe kukolola bwino pofesanso mbeu. Koma ndiye pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti sitidzakhala ndi nthawi yokolola mvula ya autumn isanayambe, ndipo zidzakhala zosatheka kulowa m'munda.
Poyamba, tinakula mpaka mahekitala 10 a kabichi pa nyengo, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa sitinakula oposa atatu, popeza malonda ndi ovuta. Mitundu yoyambirira sinabzalidwe konse mu 2023, chifukwa pali mpikisano wochulukirapo pakati pa opanga awo. Ngakhale kuti nthawiyi, chifukwa cha chilala, palibe m'deralo amene anakula oyambirira kabichi. Nthawi zambiri mu June, ndikuyamba kukolola, msika umakhala wodzaza ndi mankhwalawa, ndipo simudziwa kumene mungayike.
Derali limadzidalira kwathunthu mu kabichi yoyera, ndipo alimi akupitiriza kugulitsa mpaka masika. Zamasamba sizifuna ndalama zambiri, ndipo alimi ambiri ndi mabizinesi aulimi amalima mosavuta. Kabichi amagulitsidwa makamaka kudzera mwa oyimira pakati omwe amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mapurosesa ndi makampani ogulitsa. Ndipo ngati pali kufunika kumbali yawo, kulima mbewuyo kungatchedwe kopindulitsa. Koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a zokolola ziyenera kutayidwa kapena kugulitsidwa ndi ndalama.
Stepan Lesnichin, SSSPC YugOvoshchSbyt", Chigawo cha Astrakhan
- Chaka chino tasefukira kwambiri, ndipo mvula imagwa nthawi zonse m'dera lonselo, mwamphamvu kwambiri kapena pang'ono. Chifukwa cha chinyezi chochuluka, kabichi imaphulika, ubwino wa zotsatira zake umagwa. Ndi maonekedwe a masamba ambiri pamsika, opanga ambiri amatha kukumana ndi mavuto ogulitsa, ndipo sizomveka kusunga mitu yosweka ya kabichi kuti isungidwe.
Mu mgwirizano wathu waulimi, dera lomwe lili ndi kabichi silinasinthe pazaka zinayi zapitazi. Kuyeretsa, monga lamulo, kumayamba pa June 10, kumapitirirabe ndipo kumatha mu July. Pakali pano antchito athu ali m’munda, akumenyera zokolola zatsopano.
Mafamu ang'onoang'ono a masamba amagulitsa malonda awo makamaka kudzera mwa oyimira pakati, pamene akuluakulu amagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi ogula ogulitsa, kuphatikizapo maunyolo ogulitsa. Poyamba, mitengo ya kabichi ndi yotsika kwambiri, koma malonda akugwira ntchito kwambiri. Chachiwiri, mikhalidwe ndi yabwino, koma zovuta zambiri zimayamba chifukwa cha zofunika kwambiri za ogulitsa malonda.
Kwatsala pang'ono kupereka zolosera za nyengo yamakono, ndipo iyi ndi ntchito yosayamika. Tidzawona momwe zinthu zilili ndikuwunika pambuyo pomaliza ntchito yoyeretsa. Kupatula apo, sizikudziwikabe kuti nyengo idzakhala yotani mtsogolo komanso mitengo ya kabichi yoyera idzapangidwa pamsika.
Ivan Shishkanov, KH «Ubwenzi", Chigawo cha Tyumen
- Zomera m'nyengo yatsopano sizikuyenda bwino chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe. Kuzizira kwa masika m'derali kunalembedwa osati mu April, komanso kumayambiriro kwa May. Komanso, anali amphamvu kwambiri moti zomera zonse zinafa, monga, mwachitsanzo, mbewu za nkhaka. Kabichi ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi otsika kutentha, koma ena oyambirira mbande kuonongeka.
M'mwezi wa May, mbande zinali zidakali m'malo obiriwira pamene kutentha kwakukulu kunafika, kufika pa 36 ° C mumthunzi. Pamene amabzalidwa m’munda, mphukirazo zinasanduka zofooka ndipo “zikhala” pansi kwa mwezi wina wathunthu pa kutentha kofananako. Komanso, ndi ulimi wothirira wochita kupanga, chifukwa mvula sinagwe kwa miyezi iwiri yonse. Motero, njira zonse zamoyo m'zomera zinachepa, ndipo sizinatengeretu nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, kapena phosphorous.
Kenako mvula inayamba kugwa, ndipo m’masiku atatu mvula inagwa pafupifupi mamilimita 100. Zitatha izi, zinthu zidayamba kuyenda bwino, koma kutsalira kwa milungu iwiri kumbuyo kwa nthawi yakukula kwa mbewu sikunathenso kulipidwa. Ndipo ngati nthawi yayitali ya kutentha ibweranso, sitidzakolola bwino.
Malingana ndi ndondomeko yopangira, malo omwe ali ndi kabichi pafamu amakhala pafupifupi ofanana chaka chilichonse. Timayamba kukolola koyambirira kwa Julayi ndikudula mitu yakucha ya kabichi nthawi yomweyo kuti tigulitse mpaka Seputembara 20. Kuyambira tsiku lino, popitiliza kugulitsa, timayamba kukolola mitundu yochedwa, yomwe imatumizidwa kuti ikasungidwe m'firiji. Kuzizira koopsa, mpaka -10 ° C, kumatha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse, ndipo tikufulumira kukwaniritsa nthawi yomaliza. Zogulitsa zimaperekedwa makamaka ku maunyolo akuluakulu ogulitsa. Zogulitsa zomwe zakonzedwa zimatha mpaka Marichi 10, koma kwenikweni zimatha pofika Epulo.
Monga mukuonera pano, zotayika zathu pakutha kwa nyengo zidzakhala pafupifupi 5% ya zokolola zonse poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Nthawi zonse tinalibe kabichi yokwanira pazogulitsa zamakono, ndipo chaka chino zenera lodula lidzakhala lalifupi kwambiri. M'derali, m'zaka khumi zapitazi pakhala kuchepa pang'ono pakupanga kabichi yoyera. Ndikuganiza kuti izi siziri chifukwa cha phindu lake, koma chifukwa chofuna kukopa ntchito zamanja. Kuperewera kwa ntchito kumakakamiza alimi kuti azikonda mbewu zotsika zomwe sizivuta kulima. Koma alimi ena omwe amasunga kabichi m'minda yawo ali ndi mwayi wokulitsa bwino derali.
Irina Berg