MALANGIZO NDI ZINSINSI
Spring-2018 ku Central Russia ndipo dera la Volga linali litachedwa, nyengo yozizira idakhalabe yonse mu Epulo, kotero ntchito yobzala m'mafamu ambiri idayamba ngakhale ndi zochepa koma zotsalira kumbuyo kwa masiku onse. Komabe, Meyi yotentha idapangitsa kuti ikwaniritse: Zotsatira zake, kubzala mbatata m'madera ambiri a Russia chaka chino kunachitika mu nthawi yoyenera ya agrotechnical, ndipo mtsogolomo boma labwino la kukula ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe lidatsalira m'magawo ambiri, zomwe zidathandizira mbande yabwino.
CHithandizo CHOPEREKA MBEWU
Kodi munganenenso chiyani pokhudzana ndi nyengo yomwe yayamba? Tiyenera kudziwa kuti dzinja la 2017/18 mkatikati mwa dzikolo linali lotentha, lopanda kuzizira kwambiri kwa dothi, komanso lopanda chipale chofewa. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka kuganiza kuti minda ya mbatata posachedwa itha kuzunzidwa ndi tizirombo tomwe tapulumuka nthawi yozizira. Ndikothekanso kuti kukula koyambirira kwa matenda - choipitsa mochedwa, alternaria, ndi zina zambiri.
Ndikotheka kupewa mawonetseredwe (chifukwa chake zotsatira zoyipa) za onsewa mothandizidwa ndi njira zopewera munthawi yake. Choyamba, tikulankhula zakukula kwa mankhwala a mbatata zambewu ndi mankhwala okonzekera tiziphuphu. Makampani akuluakulu pakupanga zinthu zoteteza mbewu amapatsa alimi mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zomwe zimagwira bwino ntchitozi.
Zina mwazida zodziwika bwino ndi Unform, Celest Top, Emeto Quantum, Quadris. Kusanthula ndi zina mwakonzekereratu zomwe zikuchitika munthawi ya nyengo ino kumathandiza kuteteza mbewu ku dothi komanso matenda opatsirana kwambiri ndipo ndi chinsinsi chokolola.
Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo zenizeni. M'munda wa "Agroalliance" wa m'dera la Nizhny Novgorod, womwe umagwira bwino ntchito yolima mbatata, Celest Top (0,4 l / t) idagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito kubzala tubers chaka chino. Kampani ina yaulimi - "A7 Agro", dera la Orenburg, - yomwe idakonzedweratu kusanabzala mbewu za mbatata Yunifolomu yosakanikirana ndi thiamethokam (350 g / l). Pazochitika zonsezi, masiku 15 mutabzala, alimi adalemba zotsatira zabwino: zoyera, ngakhale mbande zopanda matenda. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kubzala mbatata m'dera la Orenburg kunachitika modetsa nkhawa. Kuphatikiza apo, mbatata mu "A7 Agro" zimalimidwa pa ulimi wothirira, zomwe zimapereka zoopsa zina zowononga matenda ku zomera, chifukwa chake, akatswiri pafamuyi adayandikira kusankha kwa mankhwala kuti akonze bwino mosamala.
GWirani ntchito pa ScHEME
Pambuyo pa kubzala kwa mbande, opanga azilimo omwe amagwira ntchito molingana ndi chiwembu chotetezera chomwe adapanga payekha pazomwe azigwira (poganizira nyengo ndi zina), monga lamulo, pitani pokonzekera kubzala ndi kukonzekera kukakumana. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndikukonza dongosolo lazinthu. Magawo awa akuyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa munthawi yomwe pulogalamuyo idaperekedwa, poganizira gawo lomwe chitukuko chikuyambira komanso zizindikiro zoyambirira zisanachitike.
Kafukufuku wambiri akutsimikizira kuti minda yomwe imagwira ntchito mokhazikika motsatira njira yoyenera yoperekera chithandizo (nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza magawo 7-10) ikuwonetsa kupambana kwachuma kwambiri poyerekeza ndi omwe amathandizidwa kawiri kokha kapena katatu pachaka. Koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti chiwembu chomwechi, podzipatula kuukadaulo waulimi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zapamwamba, popanda kupanga michere, sichingabweretse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
NTHAWI ZABWINO
Nyengo yozizira yofatsa idadzetsa zovuta zowonjezera vuto lina: chisanu chofewa sichinayambitse kuwonongeka kwa namsongole osatha kapena wapachaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala namsongole wambiri m'minda (makamaka pomwe chithandizo choyenera sichinachitike kugwa). Ndi bwino kuyamba kulimbana nawo ndi njira zodzitetezera - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a herbicide asanachitike (izi zithandiza kupewa phytotoxicity).
Ngati mankhwala a herbicidal atachitika atamera mbande, ndikofunikira kusankha kukonzekera mofatsa.
Mndandanda wazinthu zopangira udzu pamsika wa Russia sizinasinthe kwenikweni chaka chino. Pakati pazinthu zatsopano zomwe zingatilimbikitse, titha kutchulapo gawo la Soil Herbicide Artist (mawonekedwe owonjezera: granules zosasunga madzi (WDG) zomwe zimakhala ndi flufenacet 240 g / kg ndi metribuzin 175 g / kg).
Mankhwalawa ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ogwira ntchito pothana ndi kama, akugoneka wakuda ndi nthenga zoyera.
Komanso, alimi amatha kugwira ntchito ndi zosakaniza zakonzekereratu. Mankhwalawa isanayambike, mankhwala osakanizika a metribuzin (0,7 l / ha) ndi Boxer (3 l / ha) kapena kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa metribuzin (0,7 l / ha) ndi rimsulfuron (50 g / ha) ndi koyenera.
Pa chithandizo cha mmera, kukonzekera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati kuli koyenera, mogwirizana kwambiri ndi Mlingo woyenera wopangidwa ndi opanga zinthu.
KUTHENGA KWA SEASON
Munkhani yomwe idasindikizidwa mu nkhani yoipa ya mtolankhaniyu, tidapenda mwatsatanetsatane zifukwa zomwe minda ingapo idalandiridwa bwino mbatata nyengo yathayi, ngakhale panali zovuta zam'mayiko (chinsinsi chachipambano, ndikukumbukira, zinali mbewu zapamwamba komanso kutsatira zolondola paukadaulo). Powona zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wa SZR kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yatsopano, sindingadziwe kuti akatswiri ambiri alimi a mbatata adawunikira kwambiri zolakwa za chaka chathachi ndipo adapanga zoyenera.
Ponseponse, opanga ulimi sanatukule mtengo wowononga ndalama zogulira zodzitetezera, koma adayang'ana chidwi chachikulu pakusankha kukonzekera ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezedwa bwino pazomera. Anthu akufuna kubala osati mbatata zochulukirapo, koma mbatata zambiri zamtundu wapamwamba, ndipo mwa njira iyi iwo akwaniritsa cholinga chawo.