Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola za zomera ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi. Pansi pa kusintha kwa nyengo, chilala ndi mchere wa nthaka zidzawonjezeka. Pankhani imeneyi, asayansi akufunafuna njira zowonjezera kupsinjika maganizo kwa zomera.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ochokera ku yunivesite ya Tomsk State, pamodzi ndi anzawo a ku Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ndi Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, akuchita izi pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osintha ma genomic, malipoti. tsamba lovomerezeka la Tomsk State University.
Amasintha agrobacteria ndipo ndi chithandizo chawo amapereka zomera zatsopano.
- Ulimi wamakono ukukumana ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola za mbewu chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zoyipa zachilengedwe. Kuperewera kwa madzi, zomwe zimabweretsa chilala ndi mchere wa dothi, zikukhala vuto lapadziko lonse lapansi, - akuti Marina Efimova, wofufuza pa dipatimenti ya Plant Physiology, Biotechnology ndi Bioinformatics ya TSU Biological Institute. - Poyamba, kukana kwa zomera kunawonjezeka ndi njira zosankhidwa, koma iyi ndi ndondomeko ya nthawi yaitali, yomwe, monga classical genetic engineering, ndi yotsika kwambiri pakukonzekera ma genome.
Kapangidwe ka uinjiniya wa majini ndi njira zosinthira ma genomic kwapangitsa kuti zitheke kusintha chibadwa cha zomera chomwe chimayambitsa kukana kupsinjika. Pulojekiti ya akatswiri a zamoyo, yomwe yakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi pulogalamu ya Priority 2030, ikufuna kupeza majini owongolera omwe amatsimikizira kulekerera kwa mbewu ku chilala, mchere komanso kuwononga kutentha. Akatswiri a zamoyo amagwiritsa ntchito CRISPR/Cas9 edit system ngati chida chozimitsa majini.
Zoyeserera zingapo zidachitika ndi asayansi pa chomera cha Arabidopsis thaliana - ichi ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha kafukufuku, chomwe chimatchedwa "chomera cha Drosophila".
Mabakiteriya pawokha sasintha makhalidwe amtengo wapatali a zomera, koma amalowa muzomera kudzera mu chubu la mungu, amafalitsa ndondomeko ya DNA yomwe imayambitsa kusintha kwa jini ya zomera yomwe wofufuzayo amasankha. Mbewu zomwe zimakhwima pambuyo pa "kuviika" ndizosiyana kale ndi mbewu ya kholo. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndizotheka kuwongolera ma jini omwe amakhudzidwa ndikuwonetsa mayankho a zomera ku zovuta zosiyanasiyana kapena kusintha zina zilizonse. Ofufuzawa akukonzekera kuyesa kubzala mbewu za rapeseed ndi fulakesi.
Tiyeni tiwonjeze kuti kafukufukuyu ndi woyambitsa - pakali pano pali malipoti ochepa chabe okhudza kusintha kwa ma genome mu mpunga, tirigu ndi tomato.