Olemba mkonzi wa magazini ya Potato System adalemba nkhani yokhudza mapaketi amakono a mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba ayenera kukhala koyambirira kwa 2020. Ndikufuna kulingalira za njira zopangira zinthu m'maiko ambiri aku Europe, chidwi cha mabizinesi akunja ku chilengedwe, kukanidwa kwa pulasitiki komanso chiyembekezo chokhazikitsa malingaliro awa panthaka yaku Russia. Koma kunagwa mliri ndipo dziko linasintha. Ndi mayankho ati omwe akhalabe othandiza?
KUSINTHA KWAMBIRI
«Ndipotu, - akufotokoza Vera Bokareva, mphunzitsi wazamalonda, mlangizi, katswiri wodziyimira pawokha pamsika wazolongera komanso wolankhula pafupipafupi zochitika zamakampani zomwe zimafotokoza za chitukuko cha malonda, - Makampani akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, maunyolo odziwika bwino ogulitsa, omwe mzaka zaposachedwa adalengeza zakufunika kuti apange chikhalidwe chogwiritsa ntchito moyenera ndipo adapanga mapulani opanga 100% osinthanso zinthu, sanasiye mapulani awo ndikupitiliza kugwira ntchito molingana ndi mapulogalamu omwe adapangidwa kale. Njira yokhazikika ndi yayitali. Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi mapulogalamu angapo amitundu, omwe akuwonetsa mapulani ofanana mpaka 2025 ndi 2030. ".
Ngakhale sizinganenedwe kuti mliriwu sunakhudze gawo lazonyamula konse. Choyamba, malingaliro pazolongedza ma polima asintha - ku Russia komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi katswiriyu, anthu sanapezebe njira yabwino yopangira thanzi komanso yopindulitsa.
Kodi tingayembekezere chiyani mtsogolomu? Vera Bokareva akuti kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi mutu wogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zachilengedwe ndi kuteteza chilengedwe ukhalabe chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri kwazaka zambiri. Pali njira zambiri zosangalatsa pamsika waku Europe: opanga akuyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zobwezerezedwanso, kutchuka kwa phukusi kuchokera ku zinyalala za mbewu (kutengera chimanga, algae, peel wa phwetekere, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa, ndi zina zambiri) kukukula. Malo opangira akumangidwa, osati ku Europe kokha, komanso m'maiko aku Asia.
Tsoka ilo, Russia idatsalira kwambiri pankhaniyi, makamaka ngati timalankhula mwachindunji za kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Chifukwa chachikulu, malinga ndi malingaliro a akatswiri, ndikuti ngakhale boma kapena unyolo wogulitsa sizikakamiza zofunikira pakapangidwe kuti zikwaniritse zachilengedwe. Kuchepetsa mtengo kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu kwa opanga aku Russia posankha ma CD.
CHOKHULUPIRIKA NDI Mtengo
Izi, zachidziwikire, sizosadabwitsa. Opanga mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba alibe ndalama zowonjezerapo: mitengo yazogulitsa yakhala yotsika kwa zaka zingapo, mitengo yosinthanitsa (ndi iwo mtengo wazogwiritsa ntchito zonse) ikukula. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yogula mdzikolo ndiyotakata kotero kuti munthu ayenera kulingalira mozama ngati kuyika sikufunika konse?
Ndipo kupanga kwa "eco-materials" mdziko lathu sikunapangidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Ngati pali zotere pamsika konse.
«Zipangizo zachilengedwe zimapezeka mosavuta ku Russia, - Ndemanga za Vera Bokareva. - Opanga zoweta sanakonde nawo monga momwe zilili m'maiko otukuka aku Europe, koma yankho lingapezeke. Komabe, izi zingafune kuphunzira kuyang'anitsitsa zinthu moyenera. Tiyerekeze kuti kampaniyo inkanyamula katundu wake pamatayala a polypropylene, tsopano idaganiza zopeza malo osungira zachilengedwe. Ndizotheka kuti sizingatheke kupeza analogue yathunthu. Koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pulpercarton (chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko lathu, mwachitsanzo, popanga maselo a mazira), izi zomwe zimapangidwa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe.
Ngakhale mutayang'ana njira zina zakunja, sikuti sanasiyidwe kuti adzawononga khobidi lokongola: mwachitsanzo, makanema apadera osungunuka potengera chimanga, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwina, lero ndiokwera mtengo kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa ma analog awo.
Makampani aku Europe sikuti amangogwira ntchito kuti zinthu zizikhala zokhazikika, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti izi ndizogulitsa. Pomwe phukusi latsopano lipezeka pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, mndandanda wazabwino zake sikuti umangokhala zokonda chilengedwe. Opanga akuyenera kutengera chidwi cha omwe angakhale ogula kuti izi zili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri kwa ogula, ndipo mtengo wake siwokwera (ndipo nthawi zambiri wotsika) kuposa ma analog omwe sangabwerezenso.
Kuchepetsa mtengo, mwa njira, kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti zida zonse zopanga zida zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osasintha zida zomwe zilipo kale.
Pambuyo pa Soviet Union, zida zatsopano zimapangidwanso mwakhama. Zitsanzo sizovuta kupeza. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, wasayansi waku Kharkiv a Sergei Timchuk adapanga filimu yokometsera zachilengedwe yopanga wowuma chimanga. Kanemayo amasungunuka m'madzi otentha (nthawi yomweyo) komanso m'nthaka (m'masabata ochepa), amathanso kudyedwa ndi chakudya, popeza nkhaniyo ilibe vuto lililonse.
Ndipo makamaka mu Juni 2020, asayansi ochokera ku Astrakhan State Technical University adalankhula zakupanga kanema wodyetsa wosakanizidwa ndi ichthyzelatin (wopangidwa kuchokera kuzinyalala zochokera ku nsomba). Malinga ndi iwo, zomwe zimachitika zimatha kupikisana pamitengo ya ogula ndi zinthu za polima kuchokera ku pulasitiki.
Palinso zinthu zina zosangalatsa, koma ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amatha kubweretsa lingaliro labwino osati kungofalitsa m'ma TV, komanso pagawo la kupanga zambiri.
Pazochitika zilizonse, ndikofunikira kuwerengera kuthekera kwachuma kwa ntchitoyi. Ndipo yang'anani opanga chidwi.
ZIZINDIKIRO
Kupanga kuneneratu mu 2020 ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, Russia, ikuthandizira zochitika zapadziko lonse poyambitsa zida za eco.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zothandizira mtundu uwu. Choyamba: makampani akuluakulu ochokera kumayiko ena (kuphatikiza maukonde apadziko lonse lapansi) amagwira ntchito m'chigawo cha dziko lathu, chomwe chimafunikira mogwirizana kwa onse omwe amawapatsa katundu. Posakhalitsa, zofunikirazi ziperekedwanso kwa opanga aku Russia.
Makampani apakhomo amatsogoleredwa ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, gulu lazogulitsa la Magnit lidapereka njira zachitukuko mpaka 2020 mu Juni 2025, pomwe adalengeza chikhumbo chake chokhala mtsogoleri pochepetsa zovuta zachilengedwe mgulu laogulitsa ku Russia.
Pofika chaka cha 2025, Magnit akukonzekera kupanga 50% ya zopangidwa zake ndi zomwe akupanga zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kapena kompositi; kukwaniritsa 100% kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonzanso kwa pulasitiki yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'ntchito zathu; Chepetsani zinyalala pazakudya ndi 50%. Kuyambira 2019, unyolo wogulitsa, limodzi ndi abwenzi, wakhala akuyika zotengera m'masitolo awo - zida zapadera zosonkhanitsira zotengera za pulasitiki ndi zotayidwa kuchokera kwa makasitomala kuti zikakonzedwe pambuyo pake.
Makampani omwe ali ndi "Magnit" kale 70% yazitsulo zopangidwa ndi mabotolo amapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito (mapepala owonongeka), makatoni amtundu uliwonse amapangidwa kuchokera pamakatoni obwezerezedwanso komanso makatoni opanda matabwa omwe amakhala 60% mpaka 40%; kuchepera kukulunga - 20% yobwezerezedwanso.
M'masitolo, makasitomala amapatsidwa mwayi wosankha: mu 2015, netiwekiyo idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zikwama zamapepala, ndipo mu 2017, matumba ogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Chaka chino, kampaniyo yasintha matumba opangidwa ndi pulasitiki 20% yobwezerezedwanso.
Zachidziwikire, sizokayikitsa kuti dziko lonseli lidzafika pamlingo uwu pofika 2025.
“Ili si funso lazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zikubwerazi, - Vera Bokareva akuti, - koma zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zidzadutsa, ndipo Russia nayonso idzamangidwanso. Ndizosatheka kupereka upangiri kwa aliyense kwa onse, koma ndikuganiza, makampani akulu omwe ali ndi ndalama zachitukuko akuyenera kutengapo gawo pamutuwu. "
MAVONEKERE A MASIKU ANO
Chifukwa chake, kusamalira zachilengedwe ndi kwakukulu, chimodzi mwazomwe zidzachitike mtsogolo mu Russia. Koma mawu ochepa ayenera kunenedwa pazomwe zikuchitika pakadali pano.
Malinga ndi akatswiri, makasitomala amakono, ogulitsa ndi ogula zinthu zamasamba amayenera kupakidwa (kuphatikiza chuma, chomwe tanena kale pamwambapa) kusavuta ndikutsatira mawonekedwe azinthu zomwe adayikamo.
AUCHAN Retail Russia, makamaka, amalimbikitsa kuti ogulitsa masamba, posankha ma CD, azigwiritsa ntchito perforated flow pack m'malo momangiriza filimu (kulimbana ndi kuziziritsa ndi nkhungu), komanso kupewa chinyezi chochuluka komanso kuwola kwa masamba - magawo a makatoni m'malo mwa polyurethane.
Ambiri amalankhulanso za vekitala yokhazikika yochepetsera kuchuluka kwama phukusi, kunena kuti ikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mabanja pamunthu aliyense.
"Pakadali pano, makasitomala ali ndi nzeru pazogula zawo, - ndemanga pamalingaliro awa Olesya Stemashenok, manejala woyankhulana ndi atolankhani aku AUCHAN Retail Russia. - Sizingakhale zomveka kuti wogula agule makilogalamu 5 a mbatata ngati sadya zosaposa 1 kg pamwezi, popeza nthawi yayitali ikamasungunuka mankhwalawo amatha kumera / kukhala wobiriwira ndipo amayenera kutayidwa".
“Iyinso ndiyotengera nthawi yayitali, - Vera Bokareva akupitiliza, - ndipo, kumene, kukula kwake sikukutanthauza konse kuti phukusi lalikulu lidzatha pamsika kapena anthu adzaleka kugula masamba ambiri. Koma ogulitsa masamba omwe akufuna kupezanso masamba owonjezera ayenera kuganizira izi ndikuyika phukusi laling'ono mumitundu yawo, momwe pamakhala masamba ochuluka chimodzimodzi momwe munthu m'modzi amafunikira pakatumikira. Kapena gwiritsani ntchito ma phukusi osinthidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito: pikisiki, chotukuka panjira, kudula masamba okonzeka, ndi zina zambiri, zinthuzo ziyenera kutsukidwa, kukongola, ndipo phukusi palokha liyenera kukondweretsa diso".
Chotsatira chomaliza, ndichachidziwikire, chofananira, ngakhale dziko lokonza ma CD lilinso ndi mafashoni ake. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi Vera Bokareva, kuwongolera konse kwa ntchito kumakhazikitsa njira yosavuta. Makasitomala amakonda mayankho oletsedwa a laconic, kukana zosankha "zolemera kwambiri". Kwa kapangidwe, zithunzi zosagwiritsa ntchito volumetric nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zithunzi zosanja zomwe ndizofunikira pamsika wapadziko lonse.
Kupambana kwa kudziletsa pa "Asiaism", malinga ndi katswiri, ndi chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika ku Europe, komanso chikhumbo cha opanga kuti apititse patsogolo kulumikizana ndi ogula kudzera pamauthenga osavuta ndipo, osapereka ndalama zambiri.
Koma palinso zochitika zina. "Ngati tikulankhula za gawo la zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komwe kutentha kukukulirakulira, koma pali malo otere, - akuti Vera Bokareva, - Pali njira yomwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito mitundu yosakhala yofananira yamagulu azogulitsa pakapangidwe kazinthu. Sikovuta kudziwa zomwe mukufuna: ingodutsani m'mashopu, yang'anani mosamala mitundu yambiri yazinthu zofananira ndikumvetsetsa kuti utoto suli pano. Kusunthaku kudzakuthandizani kuti mudzitengere nokha kuchokera kwa omwe mukupikisana nawo. ".
Komabe, njirayi singathenso kutchedwa yatsopano - monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma QR code pakupanga, powerenga zomwe wogula amalandira zambiri zakomwe zinthuzo zimalimidwa komanso mbale ziti zomwe zili zoyenera. " Izi sizinthu zatsopano, koma chizindikiro cha kukoma, njira yowonjezera yogwirira ntchito ", - katswiri akufotokoza.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kuwunikira gawo la ma CD azinthu zogulitsidwa m'masitolo apaintaneti. Chaka chino, malonda amtunduwu adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri pakukula, pafupifupi chilichonse chimatha kugulidwa pa netiweki. “Mpaka pomwe ogulitsa onse azindikira kuti maphukusi omwewo akuwoneka mosiyana mukabuku lapa webusayiti komanso pa shelufu yamasitolo, - Vera Bokareva amalingalira. - Koma pali zitsanzo zowonjezereka zakapangidwe kopambana ka intaneti tsiku lililonse. "
Katswiriyu amatchulanso njira ziwiri zotsutsana posankha mtundu wazonyamula pazinthu zapaintaneti. Opanga ena amayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo cha katundu woperekedwa: ma CD awo amakhala ochulukirapo, okhala ndi ma tabu oteteza katunduyo, ndi ena. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zaku Europe zachuma ndipo, pamlingo winawake, kuyanjana kwachilengedwe: pamenepa, zida zochepa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga (komanso kupepuka phukusi, kutsitsa kulemera kwa katundu). Ngakhale kusankha njira yothetsera vutoli kumachitika chifukwa cha malonda. Misonkhano: njira yoyendera ma strawberries ndi mbatata iyenera kukhala yosiyana potanthauzira.