Kumapeto kwa Disembala, magazini ya "Potato System" idakhazikitsa tsamba lawebusayiti lodzipereka ku mitundu ya mbatata yamakono. Tsambalo lidapezeka ndi nthumwi zamakampani odziwika bwino obzala ndi kubzala mbewu omwe akugwira ntchito mumsika waku Russia. Kampani iliyonse idauza omvera zaubwino ndi mawonekedwe amitundu iwiri pamzere wawo.
Tinaganiza zosunga zidziwitso izi kwa owerenga athu powasindikiza patsamba lino ngati nkhani zingapo.
Zolemba zomaliza panthawiyi zimaperekedwa ku mitundu yakukula msanga KOROLEVA ANNA ndi kusankha kwa LABELLA Chithunzi cha SOLARIUM... Wokamba nkhani: Natalia Morozova, Mutu wa Dipatimenti ya Mbatata, Mgwirizano Wachigawo wa Germany.
***
Mgwirizano wa Mbewu ku Germany ndi mgwirizano wamakampani akulu obzala mbewu ku Germany.
Kuyambira 2011, Germany Seed Alliance yakhala ikuyimira ku Russia zofuna za m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa, kampani ya Solana, yopereka mbewu kuchokera ku Germany ndi Netherlands (mitundu 25 yosankhidwa ndi Solana yawonjezedwa ku State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation), komanso kugulitsa mbatata zopangidwa pansi pa chiphaso cha Solana m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono komanso othandizana nawo ku Russia.
Chaka chilichonse kampaniyo imayika zoyeserera zambiri m'dziko lathu lonse (mu 2020, zopitilira 200 zidayikidwa m'malo 30 a mbatata zokha). Ntchito yotereyi imalola munthu kuti akhulupirire za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, momwe zinthu zimakhalira munthaka zosiyanasiyana, nyengo ndi agrotechnical.
Mitundu yosiyanayi ndiyotakata; Olima mbatata aku Russia amadziwa bwino mitundu monga BELMONDA, LILLI, RED LADY, RODRIGA, KOROLEVA ANNA, LYUDMILA (yopangira tchipisi cha French), VERDI ndi OPAL (kupanga tchipisi).
Lero tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane za mitundu iwiri yotchuka yogwiritsa ntchito magome.
Mfumukazi ANNA
Zosiyanasiyana ndi za gulu loyambirira kucha, nyengo yamasamba: masiku 70-80 kuyambira pomwe zidatulukira. Mu State Register kuyambira 2015.
Mitunduyo ili ndi dzina lotchuka ndipo imalungamitsa bwino. Imayimira mawonekedwe ake abwino, oyenera kutsuka, kuyeretsa, kulongedza. Mtundu wa khungu ndi wachikaso, maso samangotengeka. Tubers amatalika-oval mawonekedwe, ndi kufanana kwakukulu. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi wachikasu.
Amadziwika ndi kukoma kwabwino. Wowuma okhutira 13-15%.
Zosiyanasiyana ndimitundu yambiri (mpaka ma PC 20. Pachitsamba chilichonse), chololera kwambiri (patani 50-65 t / ha). Kugulitsa: 82-96%. Kuchuluka kwa tuber yogulitsa, pafupifupi, kumachokera ku 84 mpaka 140 g.
Yoyenera kusungitsa kwakutali, kwabwino kwambiri kusunga - pafupifupi 93%.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo waulimi:
Zosiyanasiyana sizimafuna kumera kumera mbewu; kutentha kwamphamvu ndikokwanira.
Amawonetsa zotsatira zabwino panthaka yopepuka kapena yapakatikati.
Chopepuka nthaka, ndikutalika kwambiri pakati pa tubers. Kuzama koyenera kubzala kumakhala masentimita 2-3 kuposa momwe zimakhalira, wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 18-20 cm kuchokera pamwamba.
Kudera la Black Earth Region, chitetezo ku rhizoctonia chikuyenera kuchitika.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kupititsa mbatata za KOROLEVA ANNA zosiyanasiyana ndi nayitrogeni; mlingo wa feteleza wa nayitrogeni uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 20% yanthawi zonse.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa nthawi yoyamba kukolola: masabata awiri ndiye nthawi yocheperako ntchito isanayambike, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kuchita kukumba koyeserera kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti tsamba limapangidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa. Komanso, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzitsuka kutentha, kutentha.
Mitunduyi imavomerezedwa kuti ikalimidwe ku North-West, Central, Volgo-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, North Caucasian, Central Volga, West ndi East Siberia. Kuyambira 2021, yakhazikitsidwa m'chigawo cha Ural.
Gulu lachiwiri pakuwunikanso kwamakono - LABELLA... Ili m'gulu la nyengo yoyambira, nyengo yokula: masiku 75-85 kuyambira pomwe idatuluka.
Ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba chifukwa cha utoto wake wofiira kwambiri. Maso ndi otsogola, mnofu wachikasu. Ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, wowuma ndi 15-18%. Oyenera kuchapa ndi kulongedza.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zokolola kwambiri (ziwonetsero zapakati: kuyambira 46 mpaka 60 t / ha). Kuyala kwa Tuber: kuyambira 14 mpaka 18. Kugulitsa: 91-92%. Msika wa tuber wogulitsa: kuchokera 78 mpaka 102 g.
Zimadziwonetsera zokha pakusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, kusunga mawonekedwe ndi 98%.
Makhalidwe aukadaulo waulimi:
Mitunduyi ndi yoyenera kumera pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya dothi, chifukwa chakulimbana ndi nkhanambo komanso kuwonera mdima, komabe, panthaka yopepuka nthawi youma, kuthirira kwakanthawi ndikofunikira kukulitsa zokolola.
Mbali yapadera ya ma tubers ndi khungu lowirikiza (mwachitsanzo, khungu lokhala ndi khungu laling'ono). Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka kwa makina, ngakhale ikadali yabwino kukolola modekha.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zoyambirira, mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ziyenera kumera.
LABELLA sichimva chidwi ndi metribuzin munthawi ya chithandizo.
Kukhalapo kwa sera yosanjikiza ndikofunikira kwambiri, mankhwala atatu kapena anayi okhala ndi tizilombo tofunikira.
Pofuna kupanga mbewu, m'pofunika kuyamba kuvala mbande 30% zikawoneka, ndikubwereza masiku asanu ndi awiri aliwonse.
Poopseza matenda a nsabwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumawonetsedwa.
Chithandizo cha panthawi yake motsutsana ndi Alternaria chikulimbikitsidwa. Mitunduyi imakhala yolimbana ndi matenda oopsa mochedwa (5 pa 9 point), chifukwa chake muyenera kusamala ndi mankhwala motsutsana ndi vuto lakumapeto.
Pofuna kuzindikira kuthekera kwa mitunduyi, akatswiri amalangiza kuti azilimitsa zokolola (zikawakulira patebulo) ndikugwira ntchito mosamala kwambiri ndi nayitrogeni. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu (1: 2) ndikofunikira kwambiri. Osapitilira muyeso wa nayitrogeni kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zingabwere chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwake.
Mitunduyi imalembetsa ku Central, North Caucasian, Middle Volga ndi Ural.