Arthur Egorov, Katswiri waukadaulo pa SRH, Agrotrade Gulu la Makampani
Nkhaniyi ikuyesa kuwunikira zofunikira zazikulu za nyengo yapitayi, kulosera zamtsogolo ndikulankhula zazomwe zikuchitika pamsika wamakono wazogulitsa zoteteza ku Russia. Mafunso onsewa ndi ofunika makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka chatsopano chaulimi.
NKHANI ZA SEASON 2019.
POPEZA
Mu 2019, minda yambiri yaulimi yaku Russia idawunikiranso zowononga zomwe tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, tsinde la nematato (Ditylenchus destructor), limatha kuyambitsa.
Vuto lakulirakulira, mwa lingaliro langa, makamaka chifukwa cha nyengo nyengo yotentha. Kumbukirani kuti mpaka pakati pa Julayi mdera lapakati la Russia ndi dera la Volga kunali kotentha komanso chinyezi - boma lokhazikika la mbatata lidatsalira. Munthawi imeneyi, zomera zimayamwa kwambiri phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni. Ndipo theka lachiwiri la chilimwe linali lozizira. Pakadali pano, mbatata iyenera kuti idalandira potaziyamu ndi calcium yambiri, koma chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono (ochepera 10-12оC) ma batri awa samatimbidwa. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni komanso kusowa kwa potaziyamu ndi calcium, makoma a maselo a mbatata adakhala oonda, otalika komanso osatetezeka ku nematode.
Tsinde la nematode limadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa nyongolotsi. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mbewu zaulimi kumayambitsidwa ndi achikulire (zamoyo zazikulu zogonana). Akuluakulu mothandizidwa ndi chiwalo chapadera - cholembera (chokumbutsa singano ya syringe) - kuboola khoma lam'mera la chomeracho ndikuyamwa zomwe zili mkatimo. Pachifukwa ichi, akuluakulu amatulutsa ma enzyme amylase ndi pectinase, omwe amachititsa kuti hydrolysis (kutembenuka kwa wowuma kukhala shuga) iwonjezeke ndipo potero zimawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi chifuwa chochedwa.
Mphutsi za Nematode zimadutsa magawo anayi a kusasitsa musanalowe gawo la achikulire, ndipo malinga ndi momwe zimakhalira nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa zowonongeka zazomera kumapeto kwa njirayi.
Koma m'chilimwe cha 2019, makoma owonda kwambiri a mbatata adadzakhala osatetezeka osati kwa akulu okha, komanso ku mphutsi zachitatu ndi zinayi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa tubers ndi nematode kunali kwakukulu.
Izi zitha kupewedwa mwa kupatsa chakudya chamagulu choyenera. Zinali zofunikira kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa calcium ndikuyambitsa madzi osungunuka a calcium nitrate m'nthaka kawiri monga momwe zimakhalira 3 kg / ha.
Kuperewera kwa potaziyamu ndi calcium kunayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mtundu wa mbatata: ma tubers anali otengeka kwambiri ndi kuvulala, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a melanosis (kudetsa zamkati) kunakulirakulira, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe akuchepa. Pankhaniyi, zikuwonekeratu kuti kutayika kwa nyumba yosungiramo katundu mu 2019-20 kudzakhala kwakukulu kuposa masiku onse.
Polankhula mwachindunji za nkhondo yolimbana ndi tsinde mbatata nematode, titha kunena kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito thiamethoxam, fipronil, imidacloprid, etc., omwe amapezeka mu zida zaulimi. osakhoza kuiwononga. Kupambana kungatheke kokha ndi nematicides. Mpaka pano, mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndi Vidat 5G, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 42 kg / ha. Komanso kuyambitsidwa kwa ammonia kwamadzi kumakhala ndi vuto pa nematode. Chifukwa chake, poyesa kwa S.P.Safyanov (S.P. Safyanov, Menyanani ndi mbulu wa mbatata matode kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, 1966), kugonjetsedwa kwa Ditylenchus destructor mbatata za mbatata pamitengo ya 56-147 kg / ha mu thupi lotsika watsika kuchoka pa 7% pakulamulira mpaka 0,02-1,5%, ndipo mbewuyo idakula kuchoka pa 106 mpaka 252 kg / ha.
ZOLEMAWA KWA SEASON Yatsopano
Hafu yachiwiri ya nthawi yophukira komanso miyezi iwiri yachisanu mdera la ambiri "mbatata" ku Russia anali otentha kwambiri (poyerekeza ndi ena omwe anali nawo) komanso kuchepa kwa matalala. Ngati zinthu sizisintha muFebruwari, opanga ulimi azikumana ndi mavuto atsopano munyengo yatsopano.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa namsongole. Kuphukira kwanthawi yayitali kumalola namsongole kudziunjikira michere yambiri, kukhalanso ndi mphamvu pakukula ndi kukula. Mtengowo ukangomera kukula, namsongole adzamera msanga. Mu 2020, zidzakhala zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yambiri pazitsamba.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha nthawi yozizira. Yophukira ndi nthawi yozizira inali malo abwino kwambiri osamalira nyengo yachisanu. Kumbukirani kuti mbozi nthawi yozizira m'nthaka, yakuya masentimita 10-25. Akuluakulu amalola kutentha mpaka -11 оC.
- Chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha zotupa za nematode ndi rhizoctoniosis. Izi makamaka zimakhudza minda yomwe ikukonzekera kulima mbatata pambuyo pa mbatata mu 2020. Kusayang'anira kuzungulira kwazomera (komanso kuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo m'nthaka, kubzala dothi pafupipafupi) kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta pakumera kwachilengedwe m'nthaka, ndipo njirayi siiletsa nyengo yachisanu.
Sindingalephere kuzindikira kukula kwa momwe zinthu ziliri pano. Kumbukirani, zaka 10 mpaka 12 zapitazo, nthaka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda rhizoctonia sizinakhudze kwambiri mbeuyo, kukula kwa matendawa ndikadatha kupewa. Tsopano rhizoctonia ndi tsoka kwa alimi a mbatata, kuti mukhale ndi tizilomboti tomwe muyenera kuyesetsa ndikuwononga ndalama zambiri. Tsinde la mbatata yakhalanso vuto osati kalekale, ndipo nyengo yabwino komanso kusowa kwa kayendedwe kabwino ka mbeu ndizofunikira pakufalitsa. - Kupanda chinyezi kwa mbewu. Monga tidalemba pamwambapa, mbatata za mbatata zomwe zidamera mu 2019, palibe potaziyamu wokwanira, chifukwa cha izi, madzi am'maselo a zinthu zobzala amachepa. Chifukwa chake, ndi chilimwe kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, kubzala kudzafunika kuthirira. Mu 2020, mayi tuber adzafunika chinyezi chambiri.
NJIRA ZOSUNGA ZA NTHAWI ZONSE. MALO PAKUKHUDZIRA
Makina oteteza mbeu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakulima kwa mbeu. Cholinga cha chitetezo chilichonse ndikusunga chitetezo chazomera. Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito ya agronomist wamakono ndikupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri pazomera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala moyenera. Mchitidwe wotsika pakugwiritsa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo (ngakhale kuwathetseratu) ukuwonetsedwa m'maiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Oimira olamulira ku Russia nthawi zambiri amati zokolola zapakhomo ziyenera kukhala zopikisana pamsika wapadziko lonse, ndiye kuti, momwe zinthu zake zingapangidwire zimayenera kutsatira zofuna zapadziko lonse lapansi (European).
Kodi ndizotheka lero? Mwina ayi. Tonsefe timamvetsetsa kuti pakadali pano ntchito yayikulu pakampani ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwazopanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama.
Kupanga chachilengedwe chachilengedwe kumafuna ndalama zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za kudziletsa kwa namsongole. Kuti muchotse namsongole kwenikweni komanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides: kugwiritsa ntchito dothi labwino kwambiri. Agronomists ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito njira monga "kutopa" ndi "kupindika."
Funso lina ndi mtengo. Kugwiritsa ntchito herbicides kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri, kosavuta komanso lachuma munthawi yake kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowononga. Kuti abweze, mlimi azigulitsa mbatata pamtengo wokwera. Koma pali ogula ochepa omwe akufunitsitsa kupitilira "ukhondo" mdziko muno (makamaka ngati sitikulankhula za mizinda yokhala ndi anthu opitilila miliyoni).
Chikhalidwe chakumwa zachilengedwe sichinapangidwebe. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, ngati boma silikuyambitsa ndikuthandizira kulima kwachilengedwe chachilengedwe, kukana kwa opanga ulimi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otetezera mbewu sikungatheke.
Ngakhale zikuwonekeratu kuti kuwongolera pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoteteza mbewu kumalimbitsidwa. Poona izi, chidwi chomwe opanga ambiri alimi akupanga pakukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndizomveka.
Njira yoteteza pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa "mankhwala" amodzi.
Pakadali pano, biosecurity idakali yotsika pochita bwino pazomwe zimachitika, ngakhale maphunziro akupitilira, ndipo mankhwalawa amawonetsa zotsatira zabwino.
Mwachitsanzo, mayesero a Kartofin biological product (SC ndi SP) potengera mtundu wosankhidwa wa Bacillus subtilis-I5-12 / 23 pokhudzana ndi zovuta zamatenda a mbatata munthawi ya kukula komanso nthawi yayitali yosungirako kwa tubers ku Sante adawonetsa kuyeserera kwakukulu pakuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a fungal ndi bacteria.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi ochokera ku All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Protection ndi All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming yotchedwa V.I. Lorkha ("Bulletin of plant protection" 4 (86) - 2015), panthawi yachakudya mphamvu ya mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi vuto lakumapeto, rhizoctonia ndi zowola zowuma kuyambira 37.5 mpaka 100%. Biopreparation Kartofin, SK yokhala ndi 3-5 g / l (5 l / t) m'madzimadzi ogwira ntchito amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma tubers okhudzidwa, amachepetsa chiwonetsero chovunda, kuwononga maluso ndi kuwonda kwachilengedwe posungira mbatata.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa chilengedwe cha mankhwala a Kartofin, SK pochizira ma tubers asanagwiritse ntchito anali 78.9-86.9%, mulingo wamankhwala a Maxim, SK - 52.1% mokhudzana ndi kuwongolera.
Pakadali pano, minda yayamba kale kupereka zomwe zimakonda chitetezo chachilengedwe. Nthawi zina kusankha kwa opanga ulimi kumafotokozeredwa ndikuti kukonzekera mwachizolowezi kwamankhwala, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kusiya kugwira ntchito m'minda yawo.
Vutoli ndikuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo toyambitsa matenda timasinthasintha ndikulimbana ndi chitetezo chamthupi (immune). Mwachitsanzo, agrarians a dera la Voronezh adziwona kuti kachilomboka ka Colorado mbatata mdera lawo siligwirizana ndi chotupa cha thiamethoxam. Zotsatira zake, minda, kuphatikiza kuvala, iyenera kuphatikiza pochinjiriza chitetezo chimodzi kapena ziwiri motsutsana ndi kachilomboka ka mbatata ya Colorado nthawi yamasamba. Pomwe dera la Nizhny Novgorod limatha kulumikizana kumodzi ndi thiamethoxam.
Nkhani Za CHEMICAL SZR INDUSTRY
Komabe, makampani oteteza mbewu pamadzi amakhala akulimbana ndi kukana pokhazikitsa mankhwala othandiza pamsika. Pamndandanda wawo, ndikofunikira kulabadira omwe amathandizira mbatata Vybrans Max (wopanga: kampani ya Syngenta). Kuphatikizikako kumaphatikizapo molekyulu yatsopano ya sedaxan.
Pa gawo lolembetsedwera ndi kampani yopanga mankhwala a Zorvek Enkantiya Corteva Agriscience. Muli ndi molekyulu oxathiapiproline. Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti zinthu zatsopano zomwe zimagwira zimakhudza tizilomboti mu magawo a maselo kagayidwe komwe zinthu zina zodziwika bwino sizinachite chilichonse. Ndiye kuti, chiopsezo chotsutsa posachedwa chimachepetsedwa.
Mankhwala osakanikirana ndi gawo loyenera pakuwongolera tizirombo, matenda, ndi namsongole. Pafupifupi mankhwala onse aliwonse amtunduwu. Iyi ndi njira yolimbana ndi kukana, kuwonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumachepetsa mtengo wolowetsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Pofotokoza mwachidule mutuwu, nditha kunena kuti, m'zaka 20 zikubwerazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oteteza chomera ku Russia kuzachepera pang'ono. Zokonzekera zowopsa zaumoyo wa anthu zimachoka pang'onopang'ono pamsika. Kenako, kumwa kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumachulukanso. Mabizinesi ambiri azamalimi azidalira pantchito yawo yophatikiza mankhwala ndi mankhwala achitetezo azomera. Zinthu zachilengedwe zithandiza kuchepetsa mtengo wa zinthu zomaliza. Koma popanda "zovuta zotsika" zamankhwala, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizirombo sizingathe kulimbana. Ngakhale, pamapeto pake, chitukuko cha zochitika zimatengera ngati boma likuumiriza magawo a MPC mu chakudya.
Kampani ya Agrotrade
Malangizo:
Zomera zoteteza
(831) 461 91 58
ndi www.agrotradesystem.r
ndi egorovag@agrotradesystem.r
8 - 910 137 61 34