Mbatata ali osiyanasiyana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amene amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana etiologies mmenemo. M'madera olima mbatata zamalonda, matenda ofala monga rhizoctoniosis, dry fusarium rot, phomosis, choipitsa mochedwa ndi alternariosis amawononga kwambiri.
Mbatata rhizoctoniosis mu angapo pamwamba matenda ndi zoipa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, phomosis ndi fusarium zowola zowuma pachaka zimatenga pafupifupi 15-20% ya mbewu, pomwe kuchokera ku nkhanambo wakuda zokolola zimatsika ndi 45-50%. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (Thanatephorus cucumeria (Franc) Donk) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka timafalitsidwa kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana. Bowa amatha kuwononga mitundu 230 ya zomera zomwe zabzalidwa komanso udzu.
Mbatata ikakhudzidwa ndi rhizoctoniosis kapena nkhanambo yakuda, zilonda zowuma zowuma zimapangika pamunsi mwa tsinde, nthawi zambiri zimawombera tsinde ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka kwa mphukira, kutsina ndi kufa kwa mphukira. Kuwoneka chikasu, kufota ndi kupindika kwa masamba (kuyambira pamwamba) kungawonekenso. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha tuberization, stolons ndi mizu zimawonongeka ndikugwa: zimakhala zofiirira, sclerotia ya bowa imatha kupanga pa iwo. Chifukwa cha izi, kupatulira kubzala ndi kuukira kwa mbande kumawonedwa, ndipo zokolola zimachepa kwambiri. Komanso, mapangidwe sessile ndi mpweya tubers amadziwika; ndi chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka yosanjikiza mpweya m'munsi mwa tsinde ndi kuzungulira iwo, dothi loyera loyera la sporulation la bowa la "mwendo woyera" likuwonekera, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa ziwalo zapansi panthaka. kukula kwa zomera. Pa ma tubers, matendawa amatha kuwoneka ngati sclerotia (miyendo yofiirira), net necrosis, mawanga akuya, kuipa, ndi ming'alu.
Bowa likhoza kukhalapo pa kutentha kwakukulu (3-27 ° C) ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, matendawa ndi owopsa kwambiri pa kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi cha nthaka komanso kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi chochepa cha nthaka. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kwa chilengedwe kumawonjezera kuwonongeka kwa rhizoctoniosis. Chinyezi chimangogwira ntchito limodzi ndi kutentha. Kutentha kochepa kumachepetsa kukula kwa mbewu, ndipo mphukira za mbatata za etiolated zimakhalabe m'nthaka kwa nthawi yaitali, zimasonkhanitsa shuga wambiri wosasungunuka m'madzi womwe umapezeka mosavuta ndi bowa, ndipo umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matendawa. Choncho, ma tubers omwe ali ndi rhizoctoniosis pansi pa kuwala kwachilengedwe pa +20 C amasonyeza zizindikiro zoyamba zowonongeka kwa mphukira pambuyo pa masiku 7-8, ndikuwunikira kwina - pambuyo pa masabata anayi. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwopsezo cha zomera za mbatata ku R. solani kunakhazikitsidwanso ndi kusowa kwa potaziyamu m'nthaka (potaziyamu imachepetsa chiwerengero cha zomera zodwala kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 66-10%).
Mndandanda wazomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Sneh B. Kuzindikiritsa mitundu ya Rhizoctonia / B. Sneh, L. Burpee, A. Ogoshi // St. Paul, MN, USA: APS Press, 1991. - 133 p. 27.
- Sneh B. Rhizoctonia mitundu: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology, and Control / B. Sneh, S. Jabaji-Hare, S. Neate, G. Dijst // Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996. - 578 p.