Kuyambira m'dzinja 2021 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe 2022 idatsika m'mbiri yamakampani monga nthawi ya mbatata yokwera mtengo, idakhala imodzi yopambana kwambiri kwa opanga chakudya patebulo komanso yovuta kwambiri kwa mapurosesa. Okonza omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika amawona kuti nyengo yapano ndi yodekha, koma ilibe vuto.
Gawo la mkango la zovutazo linaperekedwa ndi mvula ya autumn, yomwe inakulitsa kwambiri nthawi yokolola m'madera ambiri. Alexander Shatalov, mkulu wa famu ya Melensky Potato ku Bryansk, anati: “Ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito yaulimi kwa nthawi yaitali, koma sindikumbukiranso chaka china choterechi pamene mbatata ankakolola mpaka kumapeto kwa November. zoyesayesa zinapangidwa, zina mwazinthuzo zidatsalira kumunda, izi ndi 181 ha.
Kuyeretsa nthawi yozizira sikunathe koma kukhudza ubwino wa mankhwala. "Tinamaliza ntchitoyi pa kutentha kwa +1 ° C, osati + 10 ° C, monga momwe tidalimbikitsira," akutero Alexander Shatalov, "chifukwa chake, zina mwazinthu (mitundu ya tchipisi) zimakhala ndi shuga wambiri. Tsopano mbatata zasungidwa, zikuwotha pang'onopang'ono, shuga akuchepa, koma izi zikuyenda pang'onopang'ono. "
Mu famu ya Tambov "Vesta", mbatata idakololedwa kwathunthu, koma mtundu wamagulu amunthu udasokonekera. Wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa kampaniyo a Viktor Solenkov anati: “Zinachitika kuti tinakumba mitundu yoti tigwiritse ntchito chaka chathachi, “kukolola kunamalizidwa chipale chofewa, ndipo 5-8 peresenti ya voliyumuyo inazizira kwambiri. Ngati tikulankhula za mbatata ware, sitingakhudze tsamba ili: mankhwalawa sangathe kusungidwa. Koma adatilanda kuti tikonze, ngakhale mtengo wogulira udatsika pang'ono, ndipo tikuthokoza kwambiri kampani yamakasitomala chifukwa cha izi. "
Processing mabizinesi akudandaula za ubwino wa zipangizo, koma amakakamizika kuti azolowere mikhalidwe.
"M'chigawo cha Ryazan, komwe kuli bizinesi yathu, mbatata zambiri zidapita pansi pa chipale chofewa, ndipo zomwe tidatha kukolola sizoyenera," Yury Mironov, mkulu wa kampani yopanga mbatata ya Kasimov, akugawana zambiri, tiyenera kuchepetsa zofunika kwa zipangizo. Popanga zokazinga za ku France, timavomereza mbatata zokhala ndi shuga wambiri, koma osaziyika pakupanga, koma zitumize ku yosungirako. Patapita kanthawi, shuga amabwerera mwakale, ndipo timatengera mbatata ku ntchito.”
Chips fakitale "Lorenz Snack-World Production Kirishi" alinso wokhulupirika kwambiri kwa omwe amapereka zida zopangira. Sergey Kokovin, yemwe ndi woyang'anira ntchito yogula ndi kutumiza mbatata, anati: “Chaka chotere, tiyenera kutenga zomwe msika umapereka, ndithudi, tikufuna kuti mbatata ikhale yabwino. Vuto lalikulu la zipangizo zomwe zimabwera kwa ife si shuga wambiri monga makaniko. Mbatata zambiri zosalongosoka. Chifukwa chake ndi chodziwikiratu - kukolola mochedwa: mitundu ya tchipisi tambiri-yowundana simalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina, makamaka ikamagwira ntchito potentha.
Ndipo komabe, ngakhale momwe zinthu ziliri, mapurosesa amakhulupirira kuti nyengo ikuyenda bwino. "Tsopano tili ndi zopereka zokwanira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa," akutero Sergey Kokovin, "zida zikuchokera ku Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Bryansk zigawo. (chomeracho chili m'chigawo cha Leningrad - kuchokera kwa mkonzi.)".
Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri pa nyengoyi ndi kusakhalapo kwa kutsutsana pakati pa okonza mapulani ndi alimi pamitengo yamtengo wapatali. Chaka chino, motsutsana ndi maziko a kusowa kwa mbatata ndi mtengo wotsika wa chakudya, iwo mwachibadwa anagwa. Mwachitsanzo, Kasimov Potato Processing Plant yachepetsa mitengo yake yogula ndi theka poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Mabizinesi akuluakulu angapo asintha kukhala mitengo yamitengo, kumangiriza mtengo wazinthu zopangira pamsika.
"Nyengo yatha, alimi ambiri adakana kugwira ntchito ndi mapurosesa chifukwa cha mitengo yolimba yamitengo," adatero Viktor Solenkov, "chotsatira chake, mbewu yomwe timagwira nayo ntchito idasintha mgwirizano: mtengo wazinthu zopangira tsopano umadalira pamlingo wa mitengo yazinthu zapa tebulo mu gawo lalikulu (-20% ya msika). Nyengo ino, malonjezo onse anakwaniritsidwa momveka bwino. Mtengowo udakhala wabwino kwambiri, ndipo kasitomala adapereka zoyendera zake, mbatata idatengedwa popanda kusanja, "ndi dothi" (kulemera kwa dziko lapansi pambuyo pake kunachotsedwa, inde), ndipo dothi lidafika 20 chaka chino. % ya mbewu.”
"Mapangano ogulitsa adamalizidwa kumapeto kwa masika, amapereka mwayi wosintha mtengo kutengera momwe msika ulili," akuwonjezera Alexander Shatalov, "mitengo ndi yabwinobwino, makamaka tikaganizira momwe zinthu zilili: timatumiza mbatata zambiri, popanda kunyamula. , popanda kusanja ndi caliber ndi khalidwe. Poganizira izi, ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi mapurosesa kusiyana ndi maunyolo ogulitsa, pali mavuto ochepa. "
Zidakali zovuta kuneneratu momwe zochitika m'makampaniwo zidzakhalire asanayambe kupereka mbewu zatsopano. Akatswiri amalankhula za kuthekera kokhazikitsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
"Kukolola mbatata mu 2022 sikunali koyipa," akutero Yuri Mironov, "koma chifukwa sizinthu zonse zomwe zidakololedwa, kuthekera kwa kusowa kwa zinthu zopangira sikuyenera kuthetsedwa. Kumbali ina, chaka chapitacho aliyense anali ndi mantha kuti sipadzakhala mbatata yokwanira mpaka chilimwe, koma kumapeto kwa nyengo tidapatsidwa mbatata zambiri kotero kuti tidatha kusankha bwino ndikuchepetsa mitengo yogula. ”
Ogulitsa mbatata nawonso sanakonzekere kulosera zolondola.
"Timayesetsa kutsata mapangano, zopatuka kuchokera m'mavoliyumu omwe awonetsedwa mu mgwirizano, monga lamulo, musapitirire 10%," akutero Alexander Shatalov. "Koma chaka chino zonse zimadalira ngati mbatata itenthe. Ngati ma tubers afika pamlingo woyenera pankhani ya shuga, pasakhale mavuto. Makasitomala athu wamkulu, wopanga zida zazikulu, akudziwa izi. "
Ndizovuta kwambiri kupanga mapulani a nthawi yayitali. Komabe, makampaniwa akupitilizabe kusintha. Ku Russia, mabizinesi atsopano akumangidwa ndipo kupanga komwe kumadziwika kale pamsika kukukulirakulira. Makamaka, chomera chachikulu kwambiri chapakhomo chopangira ma fries achi French "Vee Fry" (Chigawo cha Lipetsk) sichisiya mapulani omwe tafotokoza kale. "Kupanga maluso atsopano amakampani akuyembekezeka pafupifupi chaka chimodzi," atero a Sergey Marchenko, Mtsogoleri wa Zachitukuko pakampaniyo. "Mzere wachiwiri wopangira udzakulitsa kutulutsa kwa zinthu zomwe zamalizidwa kufika matani 225 pachaka komanso kuchuluka kwa mbatata kumapanga matani 000 pachaka."
Nthawi yomweyo, Sergey Marchenko amatcha kusowa kwa mbatata zopangira zinthu zopangira komanso kuchepa kwa madera othirira m'mafamu aku Russia zomwe zimalepheretsa kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mbatata pakali pano.
Kodi alimi ali okonzeka kukulitsa zokolola zamitundu kuti azikonza? Zolinga zake, iyi si ntchito yophweka ngakhale kwa akatswiri.
Alexander Shatalov anati: “Kufuna kwa zinthu zopangira mapurosesa kudakalipo, ndipo sitingathe kuzikwaniritsa panobe, ngakhale famu yathu ili ndi luso lokulitsa mitundu yofananira. Timapangana pangano la buku limodzi, koma kwenikweni n’kovuta kwambiri kulikwaniritsa kotheratu: kaya kulephera kukolola, kapena munda umakhala wosakololedwa, kapena china.”
Koma chidwi cha gawo ili kumbali ya alimi, malinga ndi akatswiri, chikuwonjezeka - makamaka chifukwa cha phindu lotsimikizika.
"Chaka chino, malinga ndi zomwe ndawona, minda yambiri ikufunanso kukonzanso," akukhulupirira Viktor Solenkov. - Iyi ndi njira yodalirika. Pali zinthu zina zaukadaulo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa (mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa mbatata kuti zisinthidwe ndikokwera kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zoletsa kukula kuyambira Novembala), koma zonse zimatha kutha. Chachikulu ndichakuti polima mbatata pansi pa mgwirizano, wopanga amalandira phindu lokonzekera. Ngati bizinesi yathu ikungoyamba kumene pamsika ndipo tilibe makasitomala ogula mbatata, tikadayang'ana kwambiri kupanga zokazinga zaku France. ”
Chilimbikitso chowonjezera pakukulitsa mapulogalamu opangira mbatata kuti zisinthidwe, wolima akukhulupirira kuti akhoza kukhala kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yatsopano yobala zipatso.
"Tsopano, m'munda womwewo, tebulo lathu limatulutsa 60 t/ha, ndipo zokazinga - pafupifupi 50 t/ha, ndiukadaulo wolima womwewo," adandaula Viktor Solenkov, "zikuwoneka kuti kukulitsa dera pansi pa mbatata pokonza sizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa ife. Tayesa kubzala mitundu yatsopano ya zokazinga za ku France, ndipo imodzi mwa izo yawonetsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, koma mpaka pano kasitomala alibe pulogalamu yopangira mbewu.
Kaya mitundu yomwe tikufuna idzawonekere pamsika wathu komanso nthawi yomwe izi zichitike munthawi yomwe zilili ndi mafunso omwe tilibe mayankho.