Zimphona za agrochemical zikuwonjezeranso chidwi pakupanga ndi kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe kuti muteteze mbewu zofunika, koma kodi ndi chomera chiti chomwe chiti chidzakhale choyamba kupereka zida zopikisana?
Mankhwala opha mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala akhala akudziwika kuti ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchito yopanga chakudya padziko lonse kwazaka zambiri.
Chiyambire kubwera kwa Monsanto mchaka cha 1970, othandizira kuteteza mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito glyphosate athandiza kuchulukitsa ndi kuteteza chakudya padziko lonse lapansi.
Mankhwala awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri pantchito yaulimi kotero kuti kuchotsedwa kwanyengo yomweyo muulimi wamakono kungakhale pachiwopsezo cha kufa ndi njala. Ngakhale zili choncho, kulowerera kwa anthu osagwirizana ndi glyphosate, komwe kumasonkhezeredwa ndi olimbana ndi zachilengedwe (amadzinenera kuti glyphosate ndiyothekera kupezeka kwa anthu), ndi chida champhamvu chopondera olamulira kuti apeze njira zotetezedwa, zotsatiridwa ndi kuletsa kwa glyphosate.
Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti chitukuko chotere - kuchotsedwa kwa glyphosate m'misika - ndizowona.
France ndi Germany zakonza kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito glyphosate pofika 2021 ndi 2023, pomwe mayiko ena akuyenera kutsatira. Popeza kuti njira zambiri zikupitilira kuyesedwa ndipo zikuyesa kuyesedwa, zoletsa zazikulu kwambiri pa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi "atero", achenjeza.
Chiyembekezo chilipo kwa makampani akulu akulu azachuma omwe ali ndi antchito asayansi ndi ndalama zoperekera alimi mwachangu zotetezera zachilengedwe zachitetezo pogwiritsa ntchito chitsimikiziro chokwanira. Pali mapindu enieni opanga biopesticide.
Msika waposachedwa wa biopesticides ndi wamtengo wapatali $ 3,6 biliyoni, ndipo akuyembekezeka kukula mpaka $ 2025 biliyoni pofika 10,2. Komanso, malinga ndi akatswiri, mpikisano wa zinthu zachilengedwe wokhala ndi ma agrochemicals ndiwothekanso kuti akhale ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi zachilengedwe zopangidwa. Ngati mbeu zing'onozing'ono zazipangika paminda yaying'ono yaying'ono, alimi okonzeka kuyika gawo lina la mbewuyo m'lingaliro loti apeze mbewuzo, ndiye pamlingo wokulima mbewu zazikuluzikulu, akatswiri ofukula zakuthambo sangakhale ndi mwayi wololera mbewu chifukwa cha matenda kapena tizirombo.
Kampani ya Agrochemical Syngenta posachedwapa yalengeza kuti ikufufuza mwachangu mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti akwaniritse kusiyana kwa msika. Komabe, kampaniyo sinalenge tsiku lenileni lotulutsidwa.
Bayer adakhazikitsa woyamba Serenade biofungosis ku China. Chifukwa cha Symbiosis pamtunda wa mizu, izi zimatha kupanga chotchinga kuzungulira muzu wa mbewu. Kuthandiza mbewu kuyamwa michere yambiri kuchokera m'nthaka, kumathandizanso kuti mizu ikule kwambiri komanso imathandizira chitetezo chomera, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda. Serenade ili ndi QST713, biocontrol microorganism yomwe imakhala yopanda gramu, mabatani okhala ndi ndodo omwe ali ponseponse m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ma microorganism amakhala ndi nkhawa kwambiri pokana nthaka, nthaka ndi nthaka. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu ya endophyte ndiyopanda poipa komanso yopweteka kwa anthu, ziweto komanso chilengedwe.
Monga zopangira zowoneka bwino zopanga biopesticides, zopangidwa kuchokera ku njere za mpiru nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa. Asayansi akuwona kuti awa ndi mankhwala omwe amaphunziridwa bwino kwambiri omwe ali ndi zotsatirapo zabwino zochokera mu zamasamba, mbewu za zipatso ndi mbewu za fodya. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuti othandizira oteteza mpesa azikhala oyamba kupikisana ndi biopesticides. (Kutengera zolemba za Colin Blecki, COO ku MustGrow Biologics Corp, Canada).