Kampaniyo "August" idasanthula ma stereotypes odziwika kwambiri okhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo - zoteteza zachilengedwe zovomerezeka kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo.
Msika wapadziko lonse wa biopesticides amadziwika kuti ukukula mwachangu: gawo la zinthu zachilengedwe pazinthu zonse zodzitetezera pazomera zimangokhala zochepa, koma, malinga ndi akatswiri, kugulitsa kwawo kukuwonjezeka ndi 15-20% pachaka - kuposa katatu kuposa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wa CPPP.
Ku Russia, izi ndizosiyana: misika yamtundu wamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ma CPPP akukula mosiyanasiyana. Kuchulukana kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kukuyandikira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo malonda ogulitsa mankhwala azikhalidwe atukuka ndi pafupifupi 10% pachaka pazaka khumi zapitazi. Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2019, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito pazoteteza mbewu ku Russia pa hekitala iliyonse yofesedwa katatu - kuchokera pa 550 mpaka 2200 rubles. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kusinthana kwa mitengo, komwe mtengo wamtengo wazinthu zodzitetezera zomangirazo umamangiriridwa, komanso chifukwa choti ukadaulo wofunikira pakudzitchinjiriza kwa mbewu udakali panobe osakwanira kwathunthu ndi mafamu apakhomo. Ndipo kutukuka komwe kukuchitika mdzikolo ndikadali kokulirapo: ku Russia, mtengo pa hekitala imodzi amadula kawiri kuposa ku USA, ndi 3,5 kuchulukirapo kuposa Germany. Ndipo ku Japan, dziko lomwe lili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu zana limodzi, amakhala nthawi zochulukirapo ka 15 pa hekitala ya minda kuposa Russia (koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ku Japan mbewu zambiri zimakololedwa pa hekitala imodzi pachaka ndi mitengo ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo pali okwera kwambiri).
Ponena za mitundu yachilengedwe, gawo lalikulu la iwo ndi gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti ateteze tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a fungus of limela. Komanso, zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala podzikulitsa ngati zinthu zolimbikitsa kukula ndi zinthu zotsutsana ndi nkhawa - mwatsoka, sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zowonekera komanso zotsimikizika. Ma biopesticides satha kupikisana ndi gulu lomwe limafunidwa kwambiri la CPPP - herbicides. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti pomwe zoyeserera zazikulu zomwe zingakope mlimi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kupatsidwa kwaulere kwa mankhwalawo ndi malingaliro kuchokera kwa ogwira nawo ntchito, pomwe chofunikira chogwiritsa ntchito CPPD ndichidaliro pazotsatira zake, kutengera momwe akudziwira okha. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zambiri kumafuna malo apadera omwe nthawi zonse samadalira alimi.
Mayiko osiyanasiyana amaganiza mosiyanasiyana kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe ali ndi ufulu wotchedwa biopesticides. Chifukwa chake, ku Russia, tanthauzo limaperekedwa mu GOST R 56694-2015: izi ndi "zinthu zoteteza kuchomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo ta mbewu zobzalidwa, zomwe ndi zinthu zamoyo kapena mankhwala achilengedwe ogwirira ntchito kwambiri ophatikizidwa ndi zinthu zamoyo." Ku European Union, mankhwala osokoneza bongo atchulidwa kuti "mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo kapena zinthu zachilengedwe." US Environmental Protection Agency, kuphatikiza pa kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kuchokera ku mabakiteriya, bowa ndi ma virus, imakhalanso ndi zikhalidwe zosinthidwa, momwe majini a microorganism adawonjezeredwa, monga biopesticides. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa endotoxin wa mabakiteriya amtundu wa Bacillus thuringiensis, womwe womwewo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zotsatira zake, mbewuyo imatulutsa poizoni yomwe imawononga zinthu zovulaza. Koma ku USA, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ophatikizika ndi zinthu zamoyo amaphatikiza zinthu zokha zomwe zimayang'anira tizirombo kokha ndi zinthu zopanda poizoni (monga ma pheromones ogonetsa tizilombo tomwe timateteza kukhwima, zotulutsa zonunkhira zomwe zimakopa tizilombo kukhala misampha, mafuta omwe amalepheretsa kupuma, ndi zina). etc.).
Kampani "August" ikuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamoyo za bacteria, bacteria kapena fungal ngati chitetezo chomera, poyerekeza ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala, ndizochepa pazinthu zitatu. Choyamba, amafunika malo osungirako ena apadera, chifukwa nthawi zambiri "amawonongeka" pamtunda wokulirapo kapena woipa. Kachiwiri, moyo wawo wa alumali ndi kangapo, ndipo nthawi zina dongosolo la kukula, kochepera kuposa kwa CPSP. Mwachitsanzo, ma Pheromones amasungidwa mufiriji, ndipo chikhalidwe cha bowa cha trichoderma, chomwe chili ndi fungicidal, chimadzatengedwa ngakhale ndi mlimi waluso mufiriji. Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi chachitatu: magwiridwe antchito "zopangidwa" ndizodalira kwambiri chilengedwe. Ngati ndi osavomerezeka, ndipo mpikisano womwe uli ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe ndi waukulu, "mankhwala" ophera "atha kukhala osagwira.
"Zomera zachilengedwe monga mankhwala a micobiological kapena chomera chaphatikizidwe sizili zosiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala oteteza chomera, kupatula njira yopangira chinthucho. Ogula malonda nthawi zina sadziwa kuti sakhala opangidwa, - atero a Mikhail Danilov. - Mwachitsanzo, chitetezo chogwira ntchito kwambiri, chomwe chimapha nkhupakupa ndi tizilombo tina zovulaza, ndi chinthu chotaya cha bowa Streptomyces avermitilis. Ndipo ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti "bio" ndi zotetezeka, sichidziwitso kwa zolengedwa zomwe zimayamwa poizoni chabe.
Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera CPSP kumatsimikizira kuti palibe kuvulaza chilengedwe ndi anthu. Mankhwalawo pakali pano akuyesedwa ngati multilevel usalama. Zimatenga nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pomwe chophatikizachi chimayesedwa kuti chigulitse malonda ake. Kuphatikiza pa kuyesa kwachilengedwe komwe kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kuyang'ana ntchito ya chinthu kuti chisavulaze chinthu, mitundu yonse ya mayeso a poizoni imachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiya msika. Choyamba, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kulimbikira kwambiri komwe zimasungidwa munthawi yayitali, komanso zomwe zimakonda kuzizindikira - kudzikundikira m'thupi mndende mozama kuposa momwe zilili kunjaku. Kachiwiri, izi ndi zinthu zomwe mawonekedwe awo a sumu amakhudzidwa.
"Dichlorodiphenyltrichloromethylmethane (DDT), wokhala ndi poizoni pang'ono, koma oletsedwa lero m'maiko onse apadziko lapansi, adagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi udzudzu ndi tizirombo ta mbewu ndikutsimikizira kuti singavunde. M'dothi, theka la moyo wawo limatha kupitilira zaka 15. Kuphatikiza apo, inali ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa bioaccumulation. Muluzi wazakudya, ma silt - algae - crustaceans - nsomba - nsomba zodyera, kuphatikiza kwake kunawonjezeka nthawi khumi. Nthawi yomweyo, tisaiwale kuti kwa zaka makumi atatu DDT yasunga mpaka theka la anthu omwe sanafe ndi malungo, "a Mikhail Danilov akutero.
Kukonzekera koyipa kwa chitetezo chomera kumakhala ngati kumagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika - choyambirira, mukamaphwanya malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe sizinapangidwe - mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha poizoni.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito organophosphate insecticides kapena benzimidazole fungus, tirigu sangakhalepo, koma kugwiritsa ntchito katetezedwe ka masamba ndi fusarium ndi mlandu. Tsoka ilo, mpaka pano, sizogulitsa zonse ku Russian Federation zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kuti zitsate mankhwala onse opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso zoopsa zoopsa zomwe zimachokera ku organic, "atero mwachidule a Mikhail Danilov.
Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi atolankhani a kampaniyi "Ogasiti"