Olga Bulai, CIS Office and Region Manager, G. Larsson Starch Technology
Mbatata monga mbewu zaulimi zomwe zimabzalidwa kuti zisinthidwe kukhala wowuma nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ngati zosadalirika - zomwe zimafunika 13-20% ya wowuma motsutsana ndi 67-70% ya chimanga ndi tirigu. Koma potchula ziwerengerozi, anthu saganizira mfundo yakuti, ponena za wowuma, mbatata amatha kupereka zambiri pa hekitala yofesedwa kusiyana ndi zomwe zimati "zowuma" tirigu ndi chimanga.
Inde, kupanga wowuma wa mbatata ndi nyengo, ndipo poganizira izi, kukonza tirigu ndi bizinesi yokhazikika, komabe.
Ndikosatheka kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito wowuma wa mbatata, ili ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe ndizofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri.
Mabizinesi amakono aku Europe okonza mbatata ndi ma complex agro-industrial. Pankhondo yopeza phindu, gawo lililonse la wowuma ndi lofunikira kwa iwo (akuyerekeza kuti pakuwonjezeka kwa wowuma ndi 1%, phindu limawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 5%), chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadera yaukadaulo, makonzedwe apakati a alimi. ndi zobzala zapamwamba, ndikuyambitsa njira zaulimi zapamwamba kwambiri.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, cholinga cha mabizinesi oterowo chinali kupeza kuchuluka kwa wowuma ndikubweretsa mankhwalawo kukhala apamwamba kwambiri. Koma opanga otsogola, afika pa "denga" m'madera awa, adaganiziranso zomwe angachite kuti awonjezere phindu la kupanga ndi mpikisano wawo pamsika. Maso awo adatembenukira kuzinthu zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali - izi ndi madzi a mbatata ndi ulusi wa mbatata.
Pafupifupi zaka khumi zapitazo, zinthu zimenezi nthawi zambiri zinkagulitsidwa ngati zinyalala: ulusi wosatsukidwa waiwisi unkagwiritsidwa ntchito podyetsa ng’ombe, madzi.
amaponyedwa m'mayiwe osungiramo zinthu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira minda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito koteroko kumaloledwa tsopano, koma mayankho opindulitsa kwambiri awonekera. Choncho, osambitsidwa ndi zouma mbatata
CHIKWANGWANI chatsimikizika kuti ndichofunikira m'zakudya zamafuta, zopanda gilateni ndi zinthu zina zosagwirizana nazo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ophika buledi ndi opanga nyama.
Ndipo mapurosesa adaphunzira momwe angapezere mapuloteni a mbatata kuchokera kumadzi. Kunena zowona, ukadaulo wotsitsa puloteni womwe uli mumadzi a mbatata unapangidwa kalekale, koma chomaliza, mapuloteni ofunikira kwambiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka amino acid, poyamba anali oyenera kudyetsa chakudya.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, akatswiri agwira ntchito zambiri, ndipo tsopano, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zosefera nembanemba ndi kuyanika mofatsa pa zowumitsa zopopera, zatheka kupanga puloteni yosungunuka m'madzi yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, kagawo kakang'ono ka madzi kamene katsalira pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwa mapuloteni sikugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma kumapangidwa ndi evaporation. Zotsatira za opareshoni ndi
kupeza protamilassa (feteleza wa mchere wa liquefied, wofunika kwambiri polima zinthu zakuthupi) ndi distillate zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga, motero kuchepetsa kumwa madzi kuchokera mumtsinje wamadzi kapena pansi pa nthaka.
Kuzungulira kwathunthu komwe kumafotokozedwa kumatsekedwa, komwe kumapangitsa kuti kupanga kugwire ntchito popanda kuwononga chilengedwe. Zitsanzo zamabizinesi otere ndi mafakitale akulu apamwamba kwambiri ku Sweden, Denmark ndi Germany, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala mkati mwa mzindawu. Chifukwa chake, chitukuko chaukadaulo ndi zida m'maiko otsogola kupanga wowuma wa mbatata ku Europe kwadzetsa kutsika kwamitengo ya chilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa ndalama, chifukwa mapuloteni (1600-3000 euros / ton kapena kupitilira apo, kutengera mtundu. ), fiber (pafupifupi 1800 euro / tani) ndi protamilassa (40 euro / tani) zimapanga gawo lalikulu la phindu.
Zowonadi, ntchito zotere zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwachuma. Ndipo m'mayiko a CIS, ili kutali ndi vuto lokhalo
makina opangira zinthu amawombana. Mabizinesi akukumana ndi zovuta chifukwa chosowa zida zapamwamba komanso msika wosasinthika, osatchulanso ndalama ndi zoopsa zina.
Komabe, tikuyembekeza kuti chitsanzo cha kupanga ku Ulaya chidzafalitsidwa posachedwa ku malo a post-Soviet. Mulimonsemo, chiyambi chapangidwa kale - ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Central Plains Group - CPG Ukraine "Green Planet" polojekiti. "Green Planet" ndi bizinesi ya
Kupanga kopanda zinyalala kwa wowuma wa mbatata ndi zotumphukira zake - mapuloteni ndi ulusi, komanso zinthu zina kuchokera ku mbatata zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Gawo loyamba la mbewuyo lidzakhazikitsidwa kudera la Lviv kumapeto kwa 2021.
The zopangira kupanga adzakhala yekha luso mbatata. CPG ikukonzekera kukulitsa kaphatikizidwe kake ka mbatata zaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wowuma.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kwa mafakitale oterowo, kukula ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kukwera kwa mzerewo, kumalipira mwachangu: mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa mzere wa Larsson wokhala ndi mphamvu ziwiri umasiyana ndi wam'mbuyo pafupifupi 1,3 nthawi.
Ndiye kuti, mzere wokonza matani 30 a mbatata pa ola limodzi udzakhala wokwera mtengo 15-30% kuposa matani 40.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndalama zopindulitsa pazachuma pakupanga wowuma kuchokera ku mbatata zimafika mamiliyoni mamiliyoni a mayuro. Pozindikira kukula kwa ntchitoyo isanachitike, CPG, mwachitsanzo, idapeza thandizo kuchokera ku USAID Competitive Economy of Ukraine Program.
Pomaliza, tikugogomezeranso kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zoterezi kumafuna khama lalikulu kwa omwe akutsogolera pazaulimi, mothandizidwa ndi thandizo la boma. Koma ndi ndalama zopezera tsogolo labwino.