Njira ya pathological ya mbatata rhizoctoniosis imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka komanso pazitsamba zambewu. Pansi pa zikhalidwe za ku Siberia, matenda a nthaka amatenga gawo lofunika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi matenda a tuber, komabe, pazigawo zoyamba za matendawa, tuber inoculum ndiyofunika kwambiri.
Poganizira zamoyo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a rhizoctoniosis, pofuna kuchepetsa kuvulaza kwa matendawa, kuonjezera zokolola komanso kukonza zinthu zabwino, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zaulimi zomwe zimachepetsa chiwerengero cha zomera. tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'machubu a mbewu komanso m'nthaka.
Ngati palibe chiyambi chopatsirana m'nthaka, mbatata imatha kulimidwa pa balere, oats, rapeseed ndi mpiru, ndipo ma tubers ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicides asanabzalidwe. Kenako, mu gawo la mmera, tingayembekezere kukula kwa rhizoctonia mu 9-10%.
Mukabzala zinthu zosasamalidwa, chizindikirochi chidzawonjezeka ndi 3-5%. Ngati sikungatheke kulima mbewu molingana ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi, zikhoza kuikidwa pa tirigu, ndiye kuti chitukuko cha matendawa chidzakhala pamlingo wa 14% ndi chithandizo cha tubers ndi 20% popanda mankhwala.
Ngati dothi la m'minda limakhala ndi rhizoctoniosis, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kubzala mbatata pazomera zakale monga oats, rapeseed ndi mpiru. Pamenepa, kukula kwa rhizoctoniosis kudzafika pa 13-15% pa zomera zomwe zabzalidwa kuchokera ku ma tubers opangidwa ndi fungicides ndi zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosabzala.
Polima mbewu za tirigu ndi balere, ma tubers ayenera kuthiridwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo musanabzalidwe, mwachitsanzo, Maxim 0,25 KS, zomwe zingachepetse kuwonongeka kwa mbatata ku 7,5%.
Pakuphukira gawo - chiyambi cha maluwa pa dothi lopanda R. solani, chitukuko chotsika kwambiri cha matendawa chimawonedwa kwa omwe adalowapo kale monga rapeseed ndi oats - 16 ndi 19%, motero, ngati ma tubers amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo asanabzalidwe. . chizindikiro ichi ndi apamwamba pang'ono kwa tirigu, balere ndi mpiru - 22-25%. Ngati zobzala sizikuthandizidwa, ndiye kuti panthawiyi kukula kwa matendawa pa mbatata zoyambira mbewu ndi mpiru kumafika pafupifupi 27-32%. Kupatulapo ndi rapeseed, pomwe kukula kwa rhizoctoniosis ndi 22%.
Kulima mbatata pa nthaka yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka R. solani kwa oats, rapeseed ndi mpiru kuphatikiza ndi kasupe kuvala kwa tubers ndi Maxim 0,25 KS kumasunga matenda a mbewu ndi rhizoctoniosis pamlingo wa 26-32%. Kwa balere ndi tirigu, chiwerengerochi ndi chachikulu kwambiri ndipo ndi 37-44%. Kubzala mbatata pa dothi lomwe lili ndi kachilombo komanso kukana kuchiza ma tubers obzala ndi fungicide kumakulitsa njira ya pathological. Kukula kwa rhizoctoniosis mu nkhani iyi kwa mpiru ndi 33%, balere, oats ndi rapeseed - 37-40, ndi tirigu - 53%.
Kulima mbatata pambuyo pa mbatata kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zomera ndi matenda mu nyengo yonse yakukula.
Kulima mbewu molingana ndi zomwe zidalipo kale, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, sikuti kumangowongolera mkhalidwe wa phytosanitary wa agrocenosis, komanso kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zomwe zatuluka.
Kuyika kwa mbatata m'nthaka yopanda choyambitsa cha rhizoctoniosis, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumapangitsa kuti zikule pambewu zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi kabichi. Pankhaniyi, zokolola za tubers wathanzi ranges 19-22 t/ha. Ngati ma tubers sanachiritsidwe asanabzalidwe, ndiye kuti kuchepa kwa mbewu zatsopano kumawonedwa. Kutolera kwa ma tubers athanzi kumachepetsedwa ndi 1-3 t/ha, kutengera mbewu yam'mbuyomu.
Chithunzi chosiyana kwambiri chimachitika ngati nthaka pansi pa mbatata imakhala ndi bowa. Pankhaniyi, povala zobzala ndi Maxim 0,25 KS, zotsogola zabwino kwambiri ndi oats, rapeseed ndi mpiru. Amakulolani kuti muwonjezere zokolola za tubers wathanzi mpaka 16-18 t/ha, pamene tirigu ndi balere - mpaka 13-14 t/ha. Ngati ma tubers sanachiritsidwe ndi fungicide, ndiye kuti ndikofunikira kubzala mbatata molingana ndi omwe adatsogolera pamwambapa. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino za tubers pamlingo wa 13-14 t/ha. Tirigu ndi balere ndizovuta kwambiri zomwe zimatsogolera m'mikhalidwe iyi: apa chizindikirochi chidzakhala 11-12 t / ha.
Kulima mbatata pambuyo pa mbatata kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe zapezedwa.
Pokhapokha pochiza zinthu zobzala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mutha kupeza 13 t/g ya ma tubers athanzi, ndipo nthawi zina chiwerengerochi sichidutsa 8-9 t/ha.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri za mbatata zapamwamba m'nthaka yopanda choyambitsa cha rhizoctoniosis, chithandizo cha masika ma tubers ndi fungicides ndikugwiritsa ntchito tirigu, balere, oats, rapeseed kapena mpiru monga mbewu yam'mbuyomu ndikofunikira.
Kukhalapo kwa R. solani m'nthaka kumafuna kusintha koyambirira kwa nthaka mothandizidwa ndi oats, rapeseed ndi mpiru komanso kuvala koyenera kwa kubzala.
M'malo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi kasinthasintha pang'ono, kuti muwonjezere kubzala mbatata kuchokera ku causative agent wa rhizoctoniosis, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa kalambulabwalo wa phytosanitary (oats, Sarepta mpiru, kasupe rapeseed) ndikuchiza zobzala ndi fungicides. Kulima mpiru ndi rapeseed monga kalambulabwalo kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchulukana kwa bowa wa R. solani ndi 50-55% poyambira nyengo yakukula kwa mbatata, ndi 5% kwa oats. Kugwiritsa ntchito tirigu ndi balere monga kalambulabwalo sikuvomerezeka, monga amathandizira kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tidzikundike (chiwerengerocho chikuwonjezeka ndi 16 ndi 51%, motero).
Kusintha kwa nthaka ya R. solani pansi pa phala ndi kabichi akale amachepetsa kukula kwa rhizoctoniosis pa mbatata zimayambira pa magawo oyamba a ontogenesis ndi 53-70%, ndipo pamapeto pake ndi 31-50% ndikuwonjezera zokolola. machubu athanzi ndi 66-86% poyerekeza ndi mbatata yoyikidwa pa mbatata (9,7 t/ha).
Dongosolo lachitetezo cha mbewu, kuphatikiza kulima mbatata pa oats, mpiru wa Sarepta, mbewu zakutchire komanso chithandizo cha ma tubers musanabzalidwe ndi mankhwala amakono a fungicidal disinfectant Maxim 0,25 KS, amachepetsa kukula kwa matendawa ndi 54-64, 46. -67 ndi 44-61% ndikuwonjezera zokolola za tubers wathanzi ndi 88, 69 ndi 76%. Zovuta za njira zomwe tazitchulazi zimathandizanso kuti zinthu zomwe zapezedwa zitheke, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala ndi sclerotia ndi 12-14%.
Mndandanda wa zolemba zakale:
1. Shaldyaeva E.M. Kuwunika kwa rhizoctoniosis muzakudya za mbatata ku Western Siberia / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, N. M. Konyaev. -
Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
2. Shaldyaeva E.M. Kukhathamiritsa kwa phytosanitary boma la zobzala
mbatata mukamagwiritsa ntchito kasupe rapeseed ngati manyowa obiriwira
chikhalidwe / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu. V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Chitetezo
zomera ku Siberia: Sat. sayansi tr. aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira omaliza a Faculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83