Matani 7 miliyoni asonkhanitsidwa
Alexey Krasilnikov, Executive Director wa Potato Union ya Russia
Malinga ndi Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation kuyambira pa Okutobala 31, 2019, mbatata m'mabizinesi azolimo ndi minda ya alimi (olima) adakumbidwa mdera la mahekitala 276,3, kapena 91,4% ya malo obzala, matani 7 miliyoni adakumbidwa (mu 2018 - matani 6,5 miliyoni) ndi zokolola za 254,4 c / ha (mu 2018 - 233,4 c / ha).
M'madera ena, ntchito yokolola ikupitirirabe, ndiye kuti zotsatira zomaliza za chaka chino zikhala zokulirapo. Tikugogomezera kuti ngakhale pakadali pano matani 510 a mbatata amakolola zochuluka kuposa chaka chatha.
Nyengo yomaliza sinabweretse zodabwitsanso makamaka pakugawana malo pamndandanda wazigawo zotsogola malinga ndi ma risiti onse. Dera la Bryansk mwachizolowezi lakhala pamzere wapamwamba: matani zikwi 809 zakumbidwa, pafupifupi zokolola ndi 303 c / ha. Koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti chaka chatha zotsatira za derali zinali zazikulu: zokolola zazikulu zinali matani 896, zokolola - 335 c / ha. Olima mbatata akuti izi zidachitika chifukwa cha chilala, chomwe chakhala kwanthawi yayitali mdera la Bryansk chilimwechi, komanso kuwukiridwa kwa nyongolotsi ya mbatata.M'madera ena ambiri mwa khumi, nyengo inali yabwino kwambiri, ndipo amapambana zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa chaka chatha.
Chifukwa chake, mdera la Tula, anakumba matani 555 (mu 2018 - matani zikwi 374).
Kusiyanaku ndikumveka: mu 2019, dera la Tula lidakulitsa kwambiri madera omwe mbewuyi idalimidwa: kuyambira mahekitala 16 mpaka 18,2.
Chotsatira chikutsatira dera la Nizhny Novgorod, pomwe matani 479 anasonkhanitsidwa (motsutsana ndi matani 360 miliyoni mu 2018). Malo achinayi m'chigawo cha Moscow: matani zikwi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu makumi atatu ndi mphambu makumi atatu kudza makumi atatu ndi zisanu Dera la Sverdlovsk limatseka Zisanu: matani 427 masauzande (ndi matani 328 mu 2018).
Tiperekanso zotsatira za dera la Astrakhan - matani zikwi 273 (matani 182 mu 2018); Dera la Tyumen - matani 259 (239 189 matani chaka chapitacho); Dera la Lipetsk - matani 163 (matani zikwi 2018 mu 172); Republic of Chuvashia - matani 143 (matani zikwi 2018 mu 164) ndi dera la Kemerovo - matani zikwi 195 (matani 2018 mu XNUMX).
Zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri za zokolola za mbatata chaka chino zidawonetsedwa ndi: Nizhny Novgorod - 337 c / ha, Pskov - 334 c / ha ndi dera la Lipetsk - 326 c / ha. Mwambiri, chaka chidakhala chobala zipatso kumadera ambiri mdziko muno, koma kukolola sikunali kosalala kulikonse. Zovuta zidadziwika ndi omwe adalima mbatata kudera la Sverdlovsk: mvula yayitali mu Seputembala idapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi madzi ambiri, zomwe zidakulitsa nthawi yakugwirira ntchito kumunda. Opanga zaulimi ambiri adawonetsa mantha kuti gawo lochuluka la zokolola zochuluka lingapitilire chisanu, koma pakadali pano zinthu zatheka: malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi, kumapeto kwa Okutobala, mbatata zidakololedwa kuchokera ku 97% ya malo obzala.
Njira yodzidzimutsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamiyezi iwiri yomwe idayambitsidwa mu Okutobala ku Vologda Oblast, mavuto omwewo adalembedwa m'chigawo cha Novgorod.
Pakadali pano, ku Vologda Oblast, mbatata zidatengedwa kuchokera ku 82,6% ya gawolo (matani 57 adasonkhanitsidwa, mu 2018 - matani 59), m'chigawo cha Novgorod - kuchokera 86% (matani zikwi 88,3 adalandiridwa, mu 2018 - m - 84,6 matani zikwi). Kutengera ndi izi, titha kunena kuti ngakhale alimi a mbatata m'malo amenewa atayikiratu, izi sizowopsa.
Zinthu zovuta kwambiri zachitika ku Far Eastern Federal District. Mwachitsanzo, ku Khabarovsk Territory, mbatata zidakumbidwa kuchokera ku 10% ya malowa, adakolola matani zikwi 0,9 (mu 2018 - matani zikwi 14,5). M'chaka, kusefukira kunagwa mahekitala 24 amderali. Tsopano mbatata zagula kwa okhala m'derali madera ena a Russia ndi China.
CHITSANZO PAKUKULIRA KWA CHAKA CHEMA
Zokolola zochuluka zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi zigawo zonse za Russia sizimathandizira kukwera mtengo kwa malonda. Pofika kumapeto kwa Okutobala, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi dera la Volga, mbatata zambiri zimagulitsidwa pamtengo kuyambira ma ruble 9 mpaka 11 - ndiye kuti, pamlingo wa chaka chatha kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, mbatata ku Bryansk, Belgorod ndi Voronezh ndiotsika mtengo 15-20% kuposa madera oyandikana nawo.
Zimakhala zovuta kuneneratu kusintha kulikonse m'derali, koma tikukhulupirira kuti mitengo ikwera pang'onopang'ono. Kuti mupange malingaliro ngati amenewa amalola kuti kuchuluka kwa mbatata za Belarusi chaka chino kumapita ku Ukraine (komwe chaka chino ndikulephera kwa mbewu, ndipo mitengo yaphwanya mbiri yonse yovomerezeka kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti) ndipo osayika zovuta pamsika wathu.
Kuchepera kwambiri kwa mbatata kumawonedwanso ku Moldova; pali zopempha zakutumiza kuchokera ku Serbia. Koma sizinathebe kukhazikitsa mbatata zochuluka kuchokera ku Russia kumeneko. Cholepheretsa chachikulu: kutumizidwa kwa mbatata za tebulo zomwe zayambukiridwa ndi kachilombo ka Y (kachilombo komwe kali Russia ndi Belarus) koletsedwa m'maiko awa. Vuto la ku Europe la vutoli limavomerezeka. Union ya Potato idapempha a Rosselkhoznadzor a Russian Federation ndi pemphelo kuti athetse nkhaniyi, zokambirana zidachitika ndi oimira mayiko, koma padakali pano palibe yankho lomwe lapezeka.
Tikuyembekezeranso kuti gawo la mkango wa mbatata zaku Egypt, monga chaka chatha, lipita kumayiko aku Europe, ambiri omwe amavutika ndi chilala nyengo ino.
Kumbukirani kuti kwa nyengo ya 2018/19, kutumiza mbatata kuchokera ku Egypt kupita ku Russia kudagwa kawiri ndi theka.
Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi othandizira mbatata akupanga, ndikuchotsa zinthu zambiri pamsika. Chifukwa chake, bizinesi ya Lipetsk Lam Weston Belaya Dacha akukonzekera kukhazikitsa gawo lachiwiri ndipo akuganiza zachitatu. Kudera la Ryazan, zitatha kusinthidwa, chomera cha Kasimovsky Potato chinayambanso kugwira ntchito. Mu Seputembala, Dera la Tyumen lidatsegulira chomera cha KRiMM.
KUFUNIKIRA KWA MBEU ZOTSATIRA
Pakadali pano, mabizinesi aku Russia akupanga zofunsira ku Rosselkhoznadzor kuti ayang'ane miyezo yambiri ya mbatata (kuphatikiza zing'onozing'ono ndi ma mini-tubers), omwe akukonzekera kubweretsedwera kudzikolo kuchokera kunja nyengo yatsopano. Ma Microplants ayamba kale kufika ku Russia.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chaka chino mndandanda wazonse pali zopempha zakupereka kwa mbewu kuchokera ku Switzerland ndi China. Komanso, nthumwi za Rosselkhoznadzor zichoka kupita ku China posachedwa (poyambirira cholinga cha ulendowu chinali kuyang'ana nazale za mitengo ya zipatso, koma akatswiri amakhalanso okonzeka kupita ku labotale yopanga ma minitubers, omwe malonda awo mbali ya Russia adzagula).
Tisaiwale kuti a Rosselkhoznadzor akuchita ntchito yambiri kuti apewetse njira yopezera zinthu kuchokera ku Russia kuchokera kumaiko ena. Makamaka, posachedwa, akatswiri a dipatimentiyo adapanga dongosolo la "Kupereka chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zololedwa kubzala ndi kubzala" (dongosolo la VRVPP) pamaziko a Argus-Fito Federal State Informationhlola, omwe pakali pano ali gawo loyesa ndipo akukonzekera kukhazikitsa. ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa 2019.
Dongosololi likufuna kupewetsa njira yolembetsera ndi kulingaliranso kutumizira zinthu zomwe zalamulidwa. Kukuthandizani kuti musunge zolemba zomwe mwapereka ndi zilolezo zomwe zaperekedwa molingana ndi iwo kuti mbewu ndi mbewu zibzalidwe, mbewu zochulukitsa ndikuwonetsetsa momwe ntchito zikulembedwera pa intaneti. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi lidzachotsa zolakwika zaukadaulo zopangidwa ndi omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazachuma zakunja mukapereka mafomu, kufupikitsa nthawi yowerengera ntchito, kufulumizitsa njira yotumizira mayankho ndi zololedwa zopempha zomwe zaperekedwa, kuthetsa kufunika kopereka zolemba papepala, ndikuwonetsetsa poyera komanso kupezeka.
Tili ndi chiyembekezo kuti gawo la mavuto operekera chithandizo lidzathetsedwa mwachangu.
Mwa njira, sitikayika chiyembekezo pa Federal State Information System mu Munda wa Mbeu Yopanga Zaulimi (FSIS "Mbeu Yopanga"), yopangidwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi. Dongosololi lipatse ochita nawo msika mwayi wokhoza kudziwa momwe mbewu iliyonse ili, momwe amagulidwira, zosonkhetsa ndalama, kutengera malingana ndi mapulaniwo, makinawa azigwira ntchito mokwanira chaka cha 2020.
Koma bwererani ku mavuto azopereka zochokera kunja. Awo omwe wolembetsa nthawi zambiri amakumana nawo polemba fomu amalembedwa patsamba lovomerezeka la Rosselkhoznadzor. Palinso chidziwitso kuti kuti zitsimikizire mkhalidwe wa phytosanitary ndikuwonetsetsa kuti katundu azitsatira, zofunikira zonse zomwe zaperekedwa zimatumizidwa ku mabungwe oteteza mbewu ku mbewu zamayiko akutumiza kunja kwa ma kazembe a mayiko awa. Motere, nthawi yodikirira chilolezo imachedwetsedwa kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe akufuna kutumiza microplants (njirayi siigwirizana ndi ma microplants amoyo). Kuthetsa nkhaniyi, akatswiri a Potato Union, limodzi ndi akatswiri a Rosselkhoznadzor, adapanga njira ina yoperekera mbewu zamtunduwu.
Lero, njirayi ikuyamba ndi kukopa kwa kampani yomwe ikulowetsa ku Rosselkhoznadzor ndi chidziwitso kuti yakonzekedwa kukaitanitsa, mpaka pati komanso kuchokera kudera liti. A Rosselkhoznadzor apempha akuluakulu aboma omwe atha kutumiza kunja kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa microplants yotere ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akukulira pazinthu zosavunda (zomwe zikutanthauza ngozi zochepa za phytosanitary). Atalandira chitsimikizo, a Rosselkhoznadzor amatumiza chidziwitso ku kampani yomwe ikulowetsa kuti kulowetsa kumaloledwa. Ma Microplants amafika pamphepete mwa malire ndipo amawongolera kumalo ena kopitako popanda mayeso owonjezera.
Ndi mawu pang'ono za mitengo ya mbatata za mbewu. Monga aliyense akukumbukira, chaka chatha chifukwa chachilala cha ku Europe, tidalemba kuchepa kwa mbatata za mbewu zakunja mu msika wathu, komanso kukwera kwa mitengo yake. Pakadali pano, titha kudziwikanso kuti pali zovuta ndi mbewuyo, mwachitsanzo, ku Germany, koma ndikadali koyambilira kuti ndi mayiko angati ku Europe omwe angapange maere ku Russia.