Zikhulupiriro zingapo zodziwika bwino pazinthu zachilengedwe zotetezera mbewu zidzathetsedwa ndi katswiri m'munda wake - wotsogolera komanso woyambitsa kampani yatsopano ya MIKOPRO Anna Sergeevna Mishina.
Thandizo: Kampani ya MIKOPRO idakhazikitsidwa ku 2013 ndi cholinga chobweretsa pamsika zomwe zasayansi za FBSI SSC VB "Vector" ya mzinda wa sayansi ku Koltsovo ndikuchita zomwe zikuchitika pantchito zaulimi.
Bodza: Biologics siyothandiza poletsa tizirombo ndi matenda.
Zoona: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mankhwala osokoneza bongo), kupha (kupondereza) tizilombo kapena matenda, kukonza ndi kulemeretsa nthaka.
Mu ntchito yanga, ndimakumana ndi lingaliro loti mankhwala osokoneza bongo sangathe kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Polimbana ndi matenda kapena tizirombo, makamaka, nematode, ndikofunikira kuzindikira molondola vuto komanso kuchuluka kwa infestation. Pakadali pano, ma labotale odziyimira pawokha amagwira ntchito pamaziko ambiri omwe amatha kusanthula nthaka ndi mbeu.
Taganizirani chitsanzo cha matenda a tubers kapena munda wokhala ndi nematode. Katswiri wa zaulimi m'munda sangazindikire molondola vutoli: sizovuta kuphonya nthawi yomwe nematode imafalikira, popeza koyambirira zizindikilo m'munda nthawi zambiri sizimawoneka; tuber ikawonongeka ndi nematode, matenda ena (bakiteriya ndi mafangasi) amakula, ndipo chifukwa chake, nkhondoyi siyomwe ili ndi "zomwe zimayambitsa", zomwe zimangofalitsa kufalikira kwa tizilombo. Ngati dothi ladzaza kwambiri ndi nematode, kulimbana nalo kumatha kutenga zaka zingapo. Ndipo ndipamene malingaliro amabadwira kuti biology siyothandiza kwenikweni. Komabe, zili ngati kutentha kwambiri - theka la anthu amamwa maantibayotiki (kwa ife, kukonzekera mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito), theka lina limachita ndi njira zina (kukonzekera kwachilengedwe), komwe kumakhazikitsidwa ndi njira yachilengedwe yolimbana ndi matendawa. Ngati matendawa ali ponseponse, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma! Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito "maantibayotiki", makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa mlingo, thupi (nthaka) limafunikira chithandizo (kuchira).
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumapangidwa chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe timagwira bwino ntchito, zomwe pantchito yake zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi zinthu zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, bowa wodya nyama, womwe ndi maziko a mankhwala olimbana ndi nematode, m'moyo wawo, amatulutsa mankhwala m'nthaka omwe amasintha ma phosphates kukhala mtundu wazakudya za mbeu, potero sizongowonjezera nthaka, komanso kupereka kukondoweza kwina kwakukula kwa mbeu ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira ... Mwachitsanzo, bowa wodya nyama pamaziko a mankhwala motsutsana ndi nematode (pafupifupi. bowa wa nematophageous wa mtundu wa Arthrobotrys ndi Duddingtonia - chitukuko chatsopano chovomerezeka ndi asayansi ochokera ku FBSI SSC VB "Vector")Pogwira ntchito yofunikira, mankhwala amatulutsidwa m'nthaka, ndikusintha ma phosphates kukhala mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndi chomeracho, chomwe chimalimbikitsa kukula, kumawonjezera chitetezo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera zachilengedwe (tikulankhula za zomwe timatulutsa) sikupweteketsa chomeracho, koma, m'malo mwake, kumachepetsa ma microbiota ozungulira chomera, kumapereka chitetezo chokwanira. Ngati tizingolankhula zakukonzekera kwamankhwala: ngati zikhalidwe za mankhwala sizikwanira kuthana ndi tizilombo kapena matenda, amachita ndi tizilombo ngati "katemera" - amangolimbikitsa ntchito zoteteza za tizilombo ndikupanga kukana. Ndiye zikhala zovuta kwambiri kuthana ndi tizilombo tomwe "talimbikitsidwa".
Nthano: Biologics imatha kupangidwa nokha, ndimphamvu zokwanira komanso michere yama michere.
Zoona: Biotechnology ndi sayansi yozikidwa pazaka zambiri zakafukufuku ndi asayansi.
Mwinanso aliyense wamvapo zakukonzekera kutengera bowa wa Trichoderm. Bowa lotchuka kwambiri lomwe pafupifupi mlimi aliyense amayesera kubereka. Pali mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya mafangasi amtundu wa Trichoderma: mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya Lignorum imalimbana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala zazomera, koma ndizokayikitsa kuti ingathandize mokwanira polimbana ndi matenda. Komano Harzianum, imagwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi bakiteriya, kupondereza bowa wa phytopathogenic nthawi yoyamba, osasokoneza kukula kwa mbewu.
Zachilengedwe zimachokera ku mitundu yosankhidwa ya tizilombo, ma Consortia omwe amasankhidwa mwapadera, kuchotsedwa, ndi zina zambiri. Ndi kubereka kolakwika kwa mavuto, katundu wake amatayika, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amachepetsa. Biology yapamwamba kwambiri siyamadzi okhaokha omwe amabalalika mu "mbiya yokhala ndi sing'anga".
Nthano nambala 3: Kugwiritsa ntchito biologics ndichinthu chovuta, kuti agwire ntchito, zinthu zambiri ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.
Zoona: Chofunikira kwambiri ndikusankha mankhwala omwe amafanana ndi matendawa ndikugula kwa wopanga wodalirika.
Monga lamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe sikubweretsa zovuta zapadera, komabe, pali lamulo lofunikira lomwe nthawi zambiri limanyalanyazidwa - werengani mosamala malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito, onani momwe mungayambitsire ndikusunga mankhwala. Maziko okonzekera kwachilengedwe ndi tizilombo tomwe timakhala, kukula, ndikugwira ntchito m'malo ena. Mwachitsanzo, bowa amakonda chinyezi, motero, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, kuthirira ndilololedwa (ngati n'kotheka), ndiye kuti zofunikira pakukula msanga ndi chitetezo cha zomera zidzapangidwira bowa. Ngati tikulankhula za mankhwala opha nthaka omwe amalimbana ndi mphutsi ndi akulu a Meyi, Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, waya wa waya ndi tizilombo tina, ndiye kuti azitetezedwa modalirika ayenera kulowetsedwa m'nthawi yobzala muzu. Ndiye bowa amateteza molondola dera lozungulira mizu ya mbewuyo kuchokera kwa tizirombo, amapanga tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tothandiza, timadyetsanso chomeracho, ndikupangitsa kukula.
Zotsatira Zofunikira:
Tsopano pamsika pali zambiri zomwe zachitika pazithandizo zachilengedwe, ndipo pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe siotsika, ndipo nthawi zina amapitilira mankhwala azinthu malinga ndi zotsatira zake. Ngati tikulankhula za ntchito yayitali kumunda, ndiye kuti biologics ndiye mtsogoleri pano. Ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zodzitchinjiriza zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi njira zovuta kuzitchinjiriza ndi kukonzekera mankhwala.
Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti kuwunika ndi kusanthula kwapamwamba (kwa nthaka, mbewu) kumatha kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri ndikupewa zinyalala zosafunikira pamachitidwe oteteza mbewu, komanso kupulumutsa zokolola, chifukwa chakupatula izi Kusaka kosalephera kwa mankhwala oyenera popanda kuwunika koyenera sikubweretsa zotsatira, ndipo zotayika zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri, nthawi zina, monga ndi infestation yolimba ya nematode, kufikira 90-100% ya zokolola.