Ekaterina Kudashkina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
Akatswiri amatcha mbatata imodzi mwa mbewu zopindulitsa kwambiri. Mu nyengo ya 2021, phindu la kulima mbatata lafika pamlingo wokwera kwambiri chifukwa chakukwera kwamitengo yamsika. Koma si aliyense amene angakwanitse kukolola mbatata zapamwamba kwambiri: mbewuyo imafuna kusungitsa zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zokonzekera zodula pakudyetsa ndi kuteteza nthawi yonse yakukula. Kodi ndalamazi ndi zomveka bwanji?
Mu zaka 2020-2021. chaka tili mu kampani Malingaliro a kampani Agroliga LLC adachita maphunziro angapo ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyesera kuti awonetse zokolola zambiri za mbatata ndikubweza ndalama zonse.
M'nkhaniyi, tiwona kufunikira ndi zotsatira za kukhazikitsidwa kwa chiwembu chodyetsa mbatata ku Arizona ware pokonzekera kupanga ku Spain ku kampani ya Agritecno.
M'chaka cha 2021 Pulogalamu yazakudya za mbatata idakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a K (F) X Yuzefov Nikolay Nikolaevich. (Chigawo cha Rostov, chigawo cha Semikarakorsk). Bizinesiyo ikuphatikizidwa m'mafamu akuluakulu a mbatata a TOP-10 ku Russia. Kubwera kuno, mumamva kuti famuyi ili ndi masitepe atatu patsogolo pa ena ambiri: gulu limagwira ntchito moona mtima, zizindikiro za zikhalidwe zonse ndizokwera. Mwiniwake wa bizinesiyo, Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov, adatipatsa malo oyesera kuti tipeze kafukufuku wamunda. Iye ali ndi udindo wodabwitsa: "Sikofunikira osati kuchuluka kwake komwe adakweza, koma kuchuluka komwe adadyetsa."
Ntchito yaikulu inali kupeza zokolola zambiri za mbatata zabwino za ware ndi kubwerera kwabwino pazachuma komanso phindu linalake.
Kuyesera kumunda pogwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwa Agritecno kunachitika pa malo a mahekitala 40, mbatata za Arizona zidakulitsidwa pa ulimi wothirira pamtunda. Tirigu wa dzinja anali kalambulabwalo m’munda umenewu. M'dzinja, 600 kg / ha ya diammofoska idagwiritsidwa ntchito polima, kenako kupanga zitunda. M'chaka, musanabzale, diammophoska 200 kg / ha idayambitsidwa, isanakwane - ammonium nitrate 150 kg / ha.
Dongosolo la zokumana nazo zakumunda zaperekedwa patebulo Na
Pofuna kuchiza ma tubers, kuphatikiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi fungicides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafamuyo, Tekamin Rais Plus ndi Controlfit Cu adagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ubwino wa mankhwalaTekamin Rais» chifukwa mbatata lagona chakuti pa chisanadze kufesa mankhwala Imathandizira mapangidwe mizu ya tuber, amene amapereka palokha zomera zakudya.
Mankhwala "Controlfit Cu» (mkuwa) idapangidwa kuti iwonjezere kukana kwa zomera ku matenda a fungal ndi matenda a bakiteriya, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pa nthawi ya tuber kumera. Kuphatikiza pa zochita za fungicidal, mkuwa umalimbikitsa njira za photosynthesis muzomera zamasamba. Chodabwitsa cha "Controlfit Cu" ndikuti chinthu chogwira ntchito chimadutsa mu xylem ndi phloem, kuteteza chomeracho (ie copper gluconate ndi mtundu wokhawo wokhala ndi mkuwa mkati mwa mbewu). Feteleza alibe zofananira ku Russia ndipo ndi 100% wokonda zachilengedwe.
"Controlfit Cu» Anagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza zina panthawi ya kukula, mlingowo umasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwa zomera: kwa ma tubers kuvala ndi nthawi yophukira maluwa, 1 l/ha anagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo panthawi ya kukula kwakukulu, 2 l/ha. Ndikuzindikira kuti gawo la misala linachitika panthawi ya kuwonongeka kwa nyengo m'dera lathu - kunkagwa mvula yambiri, ndipo nsonga za mbatata zinali zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha madzi.
Ubwino wina wofunikira wa mankhwalawaControlfit Cu» - kuyanjana ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Alimi ambiri amawopa kuwonjezera mkuwa pamankhwala awo a tuber ndi kutsitsi zamasamba. Kutengera zomwe zandichitikira, ndikufuna kutsindika kuti ntchito ikatha, palibe yankho kapena mu tanki yopopera madzi simagwa. Takhala tikugwira ntchito yokonzekera mbatata kwa zaka ziwiri tsopano, ndipo nthawi zonse imakhala yokhazikika. Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta - kupanga bwino kwa mankhwala ndi ndondomeko yoyenera pamene mukusakaniza - "Controlfit Cu» onjezani madzi okonzeka pamaso pa SZR, popeza ndikukonzekera kwachilengedwe.
Muchiwembu chachikulu, pambuyo pochiza ma tubers, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, feteleza otsatirawa adawonjezedwa pazakudya za mbatata:
1. "Tekamin Max Plus» - idagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi magawo onse akukula kwa mbatata, mlingo wokhawo unasintha. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ka 6 pa 0,5 l / ha, okwana 3 l / ha pa nthawi ya kukula. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa kukula ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, kuteteza kuteteza (ngati kupsinjika kumachitika pambuyo pa chithandizo ndi mankhwala. "Tekamin Max") ndikubwezeretsanso zomera pambuyo pazovuta (ngati chithandizocho chinali pambuyo pazovuta). "Tecamin Max Plus" sikuti amangophatikizana ndi zigawo zina zofunika za mavalidwe a foliar, kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira zake, komanso kumawonjezera zosakaniza zokhala ndi ma amino acid ofunikira kwa zomera, komanso zimapatsa chomeracho kunyamula zakudya zamchere. Mawonekedwe akugwiritsa ntchito "Tecamin Max Plus" amawonetsedwa ndendende pakukula kwa gawo lamlengalenga la chomera, kukula kwa mtundu wa masamba komanso mawonekedwe athanzi a chitsamba. Zotsatira za kusintha kwakukulu kwa tsamba pamwamba ndi kupanga zokolola zazikulu.
The mankhwala kwathunthu ochezeka zachilengedwe chifukwa zomera chiyambi. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa zinthu za organic (60%) ndi L-amino acid yaulere yamasamba (12%) kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu, kumathandizira kukula kwa ma tubers ndikuwongolera mtundu wawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kupeza kagawo kakang'ono ka mbatata. .
2. "Teknokel Amino B (boron) Plus" - mu gawo la budding - chiyambi cha maluwa 1 l / ha kukula kwa mphukira ndi mizu, kupewa nkhanambo, komanso zakudya zopatsa thanzi, chifukwa kuchepa kwake kumachepetsa kuyamwa kwa nayitrogeni ndi calcium. Tinathandizira "Teknokel Amino B» ndi panthawi yovutayi kwa zomera za mbatata, popeza boron ndi feteleza komanso njira yotetezera ku phytophthora.
Payokha, ndikuwunikira: chifukwa chaukadaulo waukadaulo wa FASTB©️ organic molekyulu ya mankhwala "Teknokel Amino Bor Plus" amalepheretsa ubwenzi wa boron ku nembanemba selo ndi kusuntha, kuteteza akusowa boron.
3. "Teknokel Amino Sa (calcium) Plus» - pang'onopang'ono 1 l/ha kuchokera kumapeto kwa maluwa mpaka pakati pa nthawi ya kukula kwa tuber, kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe la peel ndi kusunga khalidwe, chifukwa zokolola zinakonzedwa kuti zikhazikike. Ubwino "Teknokel Amino Sa» ndiye kuti ili ndi boron. Boron imakhudzidwa ndi kayendedwe ka kashiamu m'zomera; calcium yokha simagwira ntchito.
4. "Teknokel Amino Mix (sakanizani) Kuphatikiza" - 1 l/ha kuchotsa kuperewera kwa michere yambiri ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chamthupi panthawi yakukula kwa tuber. Chowongolera chokwanira cha kuchepa kwa micronutrient chokhala ndi ma amino acid aulere ochokera ku chomera chimathandiza kupewa njala yobisika ya zomera mu gawo lazoberekera, imachita kudzera mu dongosolo la enzyme ndikulimbikitsa njira za kukula kwa zomera ndi chitukuko cha ziwalo zoberekera.
5. "Controlfit RK" (potaziyamu phosphite) - 1 l/ha kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe la mankhwala ndi kuonjezera kukana matenda a mafangasi. Ndi gwero lachangu la zakudya za phosphorous-potaziyamu, lili ndi phosphorous 30% ndi 20% potaziyamu.
Zomwe takumana nazo zinali zosiyana chifukwa tidagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera kwachilengedwe "Wakulima Kuwonjezera" (5 l / ha yonse ya nyengo yakukula, yochepa) - mphukira 10-15 cm ndipo pambuyo pa masabata awiri.
Chaka m'mbuyomo, m'magazini ya Potato System No. 1/2021, ndinapereka chitsanzo cha mphamvu zake. Vuto la mchere ndilofunika m'minda yonse yokhala ndi ulimi wothirira, choncho ndimalimbikitsa kutenga fetelezayu kuti ayendetse. Kodi mphamvu ya "Agriful" ndi chiyani? Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fertigation ngati muzu biostimulant ndi nthaka biofeed. "Agriful" salola kuti nthaka ikhale yamchere ndipo imachepetsa mphamvu yake yamagetsi kuzungulira midzi.
Chifukwa chiyani kulabadira mwapaderaAgriful"? Betains mu kapangidwe kake amathandizira kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic mkati mwazomera, potero kumathandizira kupezeka kwa michere. "Agriful" kumalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa macronutrients, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwambiri poyang'anizana ndi kukwera kwamitengo komanso kusakhazikika kwa feteleza wa mchere.
Fulvic acid ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zimagwira ntchito kuti ziwonjezere zokolola. "Agriful" angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ulimi wothirira kudontha komanso kukonkha. Tinagwiritsira ntchito Agriful ndi ma nozzles akuluakulu (kwa UAN) kawiri pa 2,5 l / ha ndi madzi othamanga a 300 l / ha ndikuyatsa makina othirira. Komanso njira yosangalatsa komanso yothandiza - panalibe zopsereza, ndizinthu zachilengedwe. Zomera zatenga chakudya ichi bwino kwambiri. Kuchokera pakuwona - kapangidwe ka nthaka kakuyenda bwino, dziko lapansi lakhala lomasuka.
Popeza mbatata imafunikira chithandizo chambiri panyengo iliyonse, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, alimi amakumana ndi vuto lowongolera pH ndi kuuma kwa madzi.
Madzi olimba amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pa:
- a.i. kuchita bwino mankhwala ophera tizilombo (makamaka fungicides - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazodula kwambiri za mbatata): chifukwa cha madzi olimba, amakhala ndi alkaline hydrolysis;
- ma nozzles opopera: amatseka ndikuchepetsa ntchito.
Kuwongolera mpweya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavutowa.Teknofit pH". Imamanga kuuma mchere kuti asapangitse alkaline hydrolysis. "Teknofit pH" imodzi acidifies zamchere ndi kufewetsa madzi olimba, amachepetsa mavuto padziko madzi, bwino malowedwe a ntchito njira mu pepala ndi kuthetsa thovu.
Chizindikiro chamtundu chimayatsa madzi pamene mulingo wa acidity ukusintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudziwa mlingo wofunikira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
Ine kutsindika: mu nkhani iliyonse yeniyeni ntchito mankhwala makamaka pokonza njira yothetsera ntchito, pangakhale subtleties, kotero muyenera kuwerenga mosamala chizindikiro cha aliyense mankhwala ndi ntchito kusintha madzi. Pali kale mchitidwe wotere kunja kwa dziko - pH yoyenera ya yankho logwira ntchito imalembedwa pazitini. Tikukhulupirira kuti opanga aku Russia nawonso abwera ku izi posachedwa.
Pa August 24, 2021, pamodzi ndi oimira famu, tinapanga ulamuliro kukumba kuchokera 1,5 liniya mamita, kulemera ndi kuyala tubers (mkuyu. 1).
Tinawona chiyani? Zokolola zazikulu za sing'anga kagawo kakang'ono ka mbatata mu chigawo choyesera. Musanayambe kukolola miyezi iwiri - ma tubers amalemera kwambiri.
Kuyeretsa kunachitika pa Okutobala 18-23, 2021.
Kutengera zotsatira za kukolola ziwembu zoyesera ndi zowongolera, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti chifukwa cha pulogalamu yatsopano yazakudya, tinatha kupulumutsa matani 4,9 pa hala imodzi ya famuyo. Zokolola za mbatata kuchokera ku chiwembu choyesera chinali 1 t / ha, kuchokera kumalo olamulira - 70,1 t / ha (Table No. 65,2).
Gulu 2. Zokolola za mbatata
Malo oyeretsedwa, ha | Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zokolola, t | Kupanga, t / ha | |
Kuwongolera (20 ha) | 5,27 | 343,7 | 65,2 |
Zochitika (40 ha) | 8,25 | 578,4 | 70,1 |
Ndikufuna kuthokoza kwambiri mwiniwake wabizinesiyo Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov ndi antchito onse a famuyo panjira yowona mtima komanso yodalirika kubizinesi yolumikizana. SERGEY Alekseevich Voronov, Wotsogolera wamkulu; Petr Yurievich Khmyz, wolima mbatata; Evgeny Vladimirovich Ustinov, agronomist, ndi akatswiri enieni pantchito yawo!
Ndalama zowonjezera (ukonde, kupatula ndalama) panthawi yokolola kumapeto kwa Okutobala 2021 zidakwana ma ruble 143/ha, ndikuyika ndalama pokonzekera ma ruble 300 / ha ndi mtengo wa mbatata 13 rubles / kg.
Kutsiliza: Dongosolo lazakudya lomwe limaperekedwa lidapangitsa kuti zitheke kukulitsa kuthekera kwa zomera, kupereka mwayi wopeza zopindulitsa pokhudzana ndi zokolola komanso zachuma. Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yotsimikizika yopezera phindu ku kampani yanu.