Mochedwa choipitsa kapena mbatata matenda anaonekera kumayambiriro 40s wa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Linayamba kulembetsedwa m’chaka cha 1844. M’mbiri ya mliri wakumapeto, panali mafunde aŵiri akusamuka kuchoka ku Mexico kupita kumadera ena. Choyamba, m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. - uku ndikuyambitsa mwangozi kwa chimodzi (kapena zingapo) zomwe zinayambitsa miliri ya 40s ku Ulaya. Chiwombankhanga chachiwiri chinayambira ku 80s.
Zigwa za m'mapiri a ku Mexico zimatengedwa kuti ndi kumene mbatata ya phytophthora imamera, kumene mitundu yambiri ya nightshade (kuphatikizapo tuber-forming) imamera.
Nthawi zambiri, maphunziro a fungal biology Phytophthora matenda ( Mont. ) de Bary inayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 19. Ku Russia, mapulofesa S. I. Rostovtsev ndi L. I. Kursanov anali m'gulu la anthu oyambirira kuti athandize pophunzira za bowa. Woyamba adalemba chithunzi chachikulu cha mildews ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - peronospore bowa. Mwa iwo, iye analingalira P. Ma infestans.
Kusintha kwakukulu mu biology ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe inachitika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX kunachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezereka kwa chilengedwe, kusinthasintha komanso kuwononga zinthu. "New" anthu P. operewera zikuphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri yolumikizana pakugonana - A1 ndi A2. M'mbuyomu, mtundu wa A2 unkapezeka ku Central Mexico kokha, komwe kumadziwika kuti ndi malo oyambira P. operewera. Anthu "atsopano" adapeza mphamvu zoberekana pogonana. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa recombination kumawonjezeka P. operewera, ndipo zinakhala zotheka kupanga spores kupuma kugonana - oospores, wokhoza overwintering mu nthaka zinyalala zomera. Chiwerengero cha masiku ano chimasiyana ndi "chakale" chomwe chili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majini ndipo imayimiridwa makamaka ndi mitundu yovuta.
Ma tubers omwe ali ndi matenda a phytophthora amakhala nthawi yayitali m'nyengo yozizira; zowola zowuma zimamera mwachangu pamachubu oterowo ndipo zowola za phytophthora siziwoneka. Magwero akuluakulu a phytophthora ndi ma tubers omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kubzala ndi matenda m'munda pambuyo pokolola.
Mndandanda wazomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito:
1. Antonenko V. V. Kukula mochedwa choipitsa ndi oyambirira choipitsa pa mbatata ndi tomato m'chigawo cha Moscow nyengo yachilendo / A. Zolfagari, V. V. Antonenko, D. V. Zaitsev, A. A. Ignatenkova, A. G. Mamonov, RV Penkin, A. Yu. Poshtarenko, AN Smirnov // Chitetezo Chomera ndi Kuyika kwaokha. - 2011. - No. 12. - S. 40-42.
2. Belov G. L., Derevyagina M. K., Zeyruk V. N., Vasilyeva S. V. Phytopathological kufufuza mitundu ya mbatata m'madera a Moscow // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2021. No. 05 (208). masamba 8-21.
3. Zakutnova V.I., Pilipenko N.V., Zakutnova E.B. Mbiri ya kafukufuku wa phytophthora wa malo otsekedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi Russia // Astrakhan Bulletin of Ecological Education. 2013. No. 2 (24). masamba 137-141.
4. Zoteeva N. M. Kukaniza kwa mitundu ya mbatata zakutchire kuti zisawonongeke mochedwa m'munda wa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia // Amagwira ntchito pa botany, genetics ndi kuswana. - 2019. - T. 180. No. 4. - S. 159-169.
5. Prokhorova O.A. Njira zogwirira ntchito zowunika kukana kumunda kwa choipitsa mochedwa pakuswana mbatata / I.M. Yashina, O.A. Prokhorova // Mkhalidwe wapano ndi ziyembekezo za kukula kwa mbatata: Zomwe zikuchitika pa msonkhano wa IV wa sayansi ndi wothandiza - Cheboksary: KUP ChR "Agro-Innovations", - 2012. - P. 24-28.
6. Dyakov Yu.T., Derevjagina MK // Kaonedwe ka Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo. 2000.V.11. P.230-232.