M'madera ambiri mdziko lathu, mbewu zambewu zachisanu ndizo mbewu zazikulu. Gawo lawo lomwe linafesedwa ku Russian Federation, malinga ndi Rosstat, ndiloposa 23% (mahekitala 18,7 miliyoni - zokolola mu 2021), ndi zigawo za Kumwera ndi North Caucasian Federal - zopitilira 60%. Ndi tirigu wa dzinja, zokolola zake zonse zomwe chaka chatha zidakwana matani 63,2 miliyoni (motsutsana ndi matani 22,7 miliyoni a tirigu wam'masika), zomwe zimapereka zokolola zazikulu ndipo zimakhala ngati chitsimikizo chokomera chakudya mdzikolo. M'zaka zovuta kwambiri, alimi amadalira mbewu zachisanu: chifukwa cha mizu yotukuka kwambiri, mbewu izi zimalimbana ndi chilala ndi chisanu, zomwe zimalola minda kupeza zokolola zotsimikizika ndipo, "kupita ku zero".
Chifukwa chake nyengo ya 2020/2021 idakhala yovuta kumadera akulu azolimo ku Russia: nthawi yophukira inali youma, ndipo masika anali amvula ndi ozizira. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta, kuchuluka kwa zokolola zambiri m'nyengo yozizira kumatsika poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, koma kumakhalabe kwakukulu.
Sizikudziwika kuti ndi mavuto ati omwe akukonzekera chaka chamawa, koma tili m'manja mwathu kusamalira mbewu zathu ndikuganiza za kusankha matekinoloje, feteleza ndi mitundu.
Kuti musankhe feteleza woyenera wamchere, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa zosowa za mbewu zachisanu nthawi yachilimwe.
Manyowa ovuta. Chidule cha mitundu yothandiza kwambiri
Ammophos 12:52
Ammophos ndi feteleza wogwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mozama pamitundu yambiri yanthaka m'malo onse anyengo mdziko muno. Ndi imodzi mwa feteleza wa phosphate kwambiri - 52 g P2O5, 95% amasungunuka m'madzi, ndiye kuti, elementiyo imapezeka mosavuta kuzomera. Yothandiza kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi ammonium nayitrogeni.
Nchifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kwambiri kubzala mbewu ndi phosphorous yomwe ilipo pakadali koyamba kukula? Phosphorus si mphamvu yokhayo, komanso gawo lofunikira la kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kaphatikizidwe ka zovuta zamagulu. Iye, kuwonjezera pa kukondoweza kwakukulu kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi njira zokula, ali ndi udindo wopanga mizu yamphamvu, yomwe ndiyofunika kwambiri pazomera zachisanu. Ammophos ali ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi zamagulu, ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zimalimbitsa mizu, zimawonjezera kulimbana kwa chilala ndi matenda.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: kuchokera 70 mpaka 150 kg / ha.
Zowonjezera 20:20 (13,5)
Kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino a ammophos, mankhwalawa ndi gwero labwino kwambiri la sulfure, calcium ndi magnesium. Zinthu zonsezi zili mu NPS 20: 20: 13,5 sulfoammophos opangidwa ndi EuroChem. Zakudya zabwino za nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zimapereka chakudya choyenera, ndipo sulfure imapangitsa feterezayu kukhala wapadera. Sulfa ndi yofunika kwa mbeu mofanana ndi nayitrogeni: kukhala gawo la mapuloteni, amatenga nawo gawo pazofunikira zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, komanso koposa zonse pazomera za nthawi yachisanu, sulufule imathandizira pakukula kwa mbewu yolimbana ndi matenda, komanso ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakulitsa mbewu.
Sulfoammophos ndi abwino m'malo omwe sulufule amapezeka ndipo ndiwofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze zinthu zabwino kwambiri, pomwe nthawi yomweyo ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa ammophos.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: kuchokera 100 mpaka 200 kg / ha.
Нитроаммофоски 14:14:23, 16:16:16, 10:26:26
Oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yomwe ili ndi zotsalira zazomera zoyambilira, mutabzala mbewu zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu wamkulu kapena m'minda yomwe ili ndi potaziyamu wochepa m'nthaka. Mu feteleza awa, mitundu ya nitrate ndi ammonium imapezeka mofanana, chifukwa chake, mbali imodzi, zakudya zabwino zimapangidwa, komano, kutsika kwa kutayika kwa nitrogeni kumatsimikiziridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha zinthu zakuthupi, feterezayo amakhala ndi sulfure, calcium ndi magnesium. Kusankha kwamtunduwu kumadalira kapangidwe ka nthaka ndikuchotsa mbewu. Ndi bwino kupereka zokonda zamtundu wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, chifukwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pakumera. Ngati zomwe zili pazinthu zonsezi zili pansipa, ndibwino kuti musankhe mtundu wa 10:26:26.
Zikakhala kuti potaziyamu wocheperako amadziwika m'munda chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous nthawi zonse, mtundu wa 14:14:23 ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Potaziyamu ithandizira kukana kwa mbeu pakakhala kusinthasintha kwakuthwa ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi. Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza wa potashi imawonekera kwambiri panthaka yopepuka, komabe, potengera pang'ono, potaziyamu iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yobzala nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka ndi nyengo zonse kuti nyengo yolimba ikhale yolimba.
Tiyeni tikumbukire kuti, ngakhale pali malingaliro ambiri okhudzana ndi potaziyamu wokwanira m'nthaka, izi sizigwirizana nthawi zonse ndi zenizeni. Njira zamakono zowunikira labotale sizimapereka chidziwitso chotsimikizika komanso chodalirika pazomwe zili potaziyamu zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta ku mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ndiyeneranso kusamala ndi izi mukamagwira ntchito ndi chimanga, makamaka ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto monga chisanu, chilala ndi malo ogona. Ndi potaziyamu yomwe imathandizira kulimbikira kwa tirigu munthawi zonsezi, ndikupatsa mphamvu zosungira madzi zamasamba ndi mphamvu ya mapesi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: kuchokera 100 mpaka 200 kg / ha.
Gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsimikizika, koma musaiwale kuti zinthu zapadera zimagwira bwino ntchito m'malo osazolowereka!
Zobisika zopanga
Feteleza wamkulu m'madera omwe alibe vuto la kugwa kwamvula amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera nthaka yobzala nthawi yachisanu, ndiye kuti, pasadakhale. Pali chizolowezi chogwiritsa ntchito ammophos, sulfoammophos ndi NPK pachimvula chotsatira choyembekezeka mwezi umodzi kapena iwiri musanafese - izi zimalola feteleza kusungunuka m'nthaka.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza, njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyofunikanso, kugawa kwa feteleza pakufesa. Ngati feteleza wamkulu amaperekedwa mwachisawawa, ndiye kuti mitengo ya phosphorous iyenera kukhala pakati pa 40-60 kg ai / ha. Ngati pali njira yomwe imathandizira kuyika fetereza "motsatira", Mlingo umachepetsedwa mpaka 20-40 kg / ha. Pellets amaikidwa masentimita 5 mbali ndi kuzama (ie 7-8 cm mozungulira) kuchokera pa bedi la mbeuyo. Kubzala feteleza motsata kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa ntchito popanda kupereka zokolola poyerekeza ndi njira yofalitsira. Koma magawo obzala omwe amalola kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa omwe amafalitsa.
Sankhani feteleza woyenera m'minda yanu. Muli ndi mafunso? Chonde lemberani akatswiri a EuroChem omwe angakuthandizeni kusankha zakudya zabwino kwambiri pazomera zonse.
Website: agro.eurochem.ru
Ntchito yachilengedwe: agrodep@eurochem.ru