Olemba za EUROCHEM MU UPOTO WOPHUNZITSIRA UTHENGA WABWINO
Mbatata ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakudya, chakudya chamafuta ndi mafakitale, koma malo abwino olimidwa sikuli kulikonse. Mlimi aliyense amafuna kukolola bwino. Dongosolo losankhidwa bwino la mchere limathandizira kukwaniritsa zokolola komanso mbatata zabwino.
Mapangidwe a mbewu zabwino kwambiri za mbatata ndi ntchito yolemetsa ndipo zimatengera mawonekedwe amikhalidwe. Mosiyana ndi dzinthu, mbatata imafunikira michere yambiri, yomwe imatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mbeu ndi kukula kochepa kwa mizu yake.
POTATO BRAND
Kuti mupeze mbewu yathunthu (200-250 kg / ha), ndikofunikira kupereka pafupifupi 125 kg ya nayitrogeni, 50 kg ya phosphorous ndi 230 kg ya potaziyamu m'nthaka. Mbatata zimadya calcium yambiri (makilogalamu 70) ndi magnesium (30 makilogalamu), ndipo mkuwa wocheperako, zinc ndi manganese uyenera kupezekanso pazakudya zamtunduwu. Sizingatheke kupereka mbewuzo ndi zinthu zonse nthawi imodzi, chifukwa mbatata amazifunikira mosiyanasiyana.
Nitrogeni, monga gawo lalikulu la mbewu, ndilofunikira poyambira. Imawonjezera kukula kwa nsonga, imachulukitsa nyengo yazomera ndi kusasitsa kwanyama kwa tubers. Phosphorous ndikofunikira pamene zakudya kudzera muzu zimavuta. Munthawi yotentha kwambiri kapena pH yovuta nthaka pH, chakudya choyenera cha phosphorous chimatsimikizira kukula kwa thupi la tubers. Mbatata zimafunikira potaziyamu yambiri kuposa potaziyamu, zomwe pomaliza nyengo yakukula zimalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwazinthu zambiri kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pa tubers. Zotsatira zake zimatengera mtundu wa feteleza wa potashi (mwachitsanzo, feteleza wokhala ndi chlorine amakhala woipa bwino wa mbatata), posankha malonda, muyenera kuyang'anira zomwe zikuchokera munthaka.
Chifukwa chiyani mbatata "imawopa" chlorine? Izi mankhwala kumapangitsa machulukitsidwe a zimakhala ndi madzi, potero akuchedwa kukula ndi kusasitsa wa tubers. Chlorine ayoni amalepheretsa ntchito za ma enzyme omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutuluka kwazogulitsa kuchokera masamba kupita ku tubers, chifukwa chomwe wowuma amawachedwetsedwa. Pachifukwachi, akatswiri a EuroChem amalimbikitsa kuti feteleza wokhala ndi chlorine azigwiritsiridwa ntchito ngati chithandizo mu kugwa, kotero kuti nthawi yophukira-kasupe, ma ayoni a chlorine amatsukidwa m'magawo a pansi. Pa dothi lamchenga ndi mchenga, feteleza wa potashi amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchaka chokha kuti tipewe kutaya kwa potaziyamu.
EuroChem imasamalira makasitomala ake ndi mbewu zawo, chifukwa chake, kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino la mbatata, idakonza fetereza wovuta - nitroammofoska 14-14-23. Manyowa amtunduwu adapangidwa kuti azilima tubers, mizu ndi mbewu zamasamba.
Nitroammofosku 14-14-23 ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kufesa kapena patsogolo pake. Kodi chimamulekanitsa ndi ena ndi chiyani?
- Ukadaulo wopanga womwe umakuthandizani kuti muchepetse potaziyamu chloride mpaka 25% ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu nitrate mpaka 75%, motsatana. Ubwino wina wa nitroammofoska 14-14-23 ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi ma analogues, granule yomwe imakhala ndi michere yofananira yofanana ndi yowonjezera (sulfure, calcium, magnesium) yomwe imapezeka muzomera.
Mu 2016, mdera la Volgograd, pamaziko a famu ya Raigorod, zoyesa zingapo zidachitika kuti athe kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza wa NPK 14-14-23 wazipsu za mbatata pansi pa nyengo yothirira. Malinga ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito, njira ziwiri zimaganiziridwa: nthawi imodzi mchaka cha 1000 kg / ha pang'ono - 350 kg / ha kumapeto ndi 650 kg / ha mchaka. Dongosolo loyenera laulimi limapereka kuyambitsa 350 kg / ha NPK 9-25-25 kugwa ndi 650 kg / ha NPK 17-0,1-28 mchaka. Malinga ndi zotsatira zoyeserera, zokolola zabwino kwambiri (zomwe zidachulukidwazo zidali 3,3 t / ha) zidakwaniritsidwa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kokha kwa nitroammofoska 14-14-23. Kuwunika kwa kayendetsedwe kazachuma ka njirayi kunawonetsa kuti phindu pa hekitala linawonjezeka ndi ma ruble 1.
Kuphatikiza pa zakudya za potaziyamu, zakudya za nayitrogeni za nthawi yayitali ndizofunikira kwambiri mbatata. Kupezeka kwa nayitrogeni kwa nthawi yayitali kumathandizira kuti mapangidwe a tubers ogulitsidwa, omwe, pamapeto pake, amalimbikitsa zipatso zamagawo ochepa. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa feteleza wa NPK, akatswiri a EuroChem amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa KAS-32, yemwe ali ndi 8% nitrate ndi ammonium nitrogen ndi 16% amide, kuti apeze zokolola zambiri. Chifukwa cha kutembenuka pang'onopang'ono kwa mawonekedwe amtundu wa nayitrogeni kupita ku ammonium, kenako mawonekedwe a nitrate, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kwa mbewu, kutayika kwa nayitrogeni pakugwiritsa ntchito fetelezayu ndizochepa.
Kuchita bwino kwa kuvala mbatata KAS-32 kwatsimikiziridwa mobwerezabwereza mwamphamvu, mwachitsanzo, mdera la Moscow pamaziko a JSC "Ozyory". Imodzi mwa mitundu yobala zipatso, Gala, idasankhidwa kuti ikayesedwe, pomwe akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito Diammofoska 10-26-26 ngati feteleza wamkulu. Atamaliza kufotokozera mwachidule zotsatira zake, zidawululidwa kuti kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito 300 l ya UAN-32 pansi pa zitunda, poyerekeza ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa 200 kg ya ammonium nitrate, kudawonjezera zokolola za 5 t / ha. Nthawi yomweyo, kutuluka kwa gawo logulitsika kudakulirakulira ndi 16,6%, ndipo phindu lomwe adalandira lidafika ma ruble 63000 pa hekitala.
NITROGEN MU TIMA POPANDA ZOTSATIRA
Dongosolo loyenerera la nayitrogeni silingangowonjezera zokolola, komanso kupulumutsa ndalama za mlimi. Chiyembekezo chachikulu cha olima mbatata mbali iyi chimatsegulidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi kampani ya EuroChem - UTEK urea.
Ukadaulo wophika urea granules ndi urease inhibitor umachulukitsa zochita za nayitrogeni, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwa tubers ofanana kukula. Vuto lalikulu la michere ya nayitrogeni limakhalabe chifukwa cha kutayika kwa nayitrogeni, komwe nthawi zina kumafika 80%. Kugwiritsa ntchito UTEC carbamide kungawachepetse kwambiri.
Kuyesera komwe akatswiri a EuroChem adachita mu 2018 pamaziko a Kudashevo SEC mdera la Tula adawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito urea oletsedwa sikuti kumangowonjezera zokolola zamatumbo, komanso kumachulukitsa kwambiri zokolola zagawo lachigululi.
Asanadzalemo mbatata ya Red Scarlett pakugaya nthaka, ammonium nitrate idayambitsidwa pamtengo wa 200 kg / ha ndi UTEC urea 150 kg / ha. Pobzala, mtundu wa mbatata NPK 14-14-23 umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wovuta pa mitundu mitundu yonseyo. Zotsatira za kuyeseraku zikuwonetsa kuti mu UTEC urea mosiyanasiyana, powerengera zokolola, zokolola zomwe zidagulitsidwa zinali 27 t / ha, zomwe zili 13,5% kuposa zomwe zimayang'anira.
KULIMBITSA KWA CHAKUDYA KWAMBIRI
Zosefera zonse zofunikira zithandizira kukonza njira ya mbatata mpaka pamlingo. Kuvala kwamasamba ndi gawo limodzi laukadaulo wopangira mbewuyi, amakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito ma genetic omwe angathe kupanga ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya feteleza oyambira. EuroChem imapereka feteleza wosiyanasiyana wosungunuka wamadzi. Zina mwazopezekazo ndi mono-mono (monoammonium phosphate, phosphate ya monopotassium, potaziyamu sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium nitrate), ndi zovuta NPK Aqualis ©, zopangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati owongolera azakudya.
EuroChem ikukonzekera kupitiriza kupanga ndi kuyesa kwasayansi za feteleza pamatumbo mtsogolo. Akatswiri amakampaniwo nthawi zonse azakuthandizani kumvetsetsa za kuperewera kwa mchere wa izi ndi mbewu zina, kulangizani ndikusankha njira zogwirizana ndi momwe famu yanu ilili.
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