Vladimir Groshev wophunzira wa sayansi ya zaulimi,
Hello Nature director
(Italpollina S.p.A.) ku Russia ndi CIS
Thandizo la Organomineral la Kukula Kwaumoyo
Si chinsinsi kuti bola ngati chomeracho chikhalabe cholimba komanso chathanzi, ndi "cholimba kwambiri" kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kupsinjika kosiyanasiyana kumabweretsa kufooka kwa turgor, ma microtraumas, kuwotcha ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuwonjezereka kwamafuta am'mera a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Vuto lina nthawi zambiri amakhala wosagwirizana zakudya, pamene zomera overfed ndi nayitrogeni feteleza, koma palibe zokwanira kashiamu, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zofunika kulimbikitsa ma dongosolo.
Zotsatira za zinthu zoyipa zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kukonzekera ndi ma peptide ndi ma amino acid, omwe amawonjezera kuyamwa kwa michere ndi kotala, ndikuwonjezera zokolola.
Zomera za peptide ndi ma amino acid ndizinthu zomangira zomangira zamafuta ambewu, kuyambika kwawo m'magawo a mapangidwe a mbewu kumathandizira magwiridwe antchito abwino ndikuwonetsetsa kudzikundikira kwa michere mu ziwalo zoberekera, potero zimakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu.
M'malingaliro athu, kukonzekera bwino kwambiri kwa 100% masamba a peptides ndi ma amino acid ndi mankhwala omwe amadziwika kale chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri. MPHUNZITSI (1,5-3 l/ha) ndi zaposachedwa zosungunuka m'madzi AQUAMINE (0,5-2 kg/ha), yomwe ili ndi 62-66% ya peptides ndi amino acid, zomwe sizinachitikepo za ma hydrolysates a zomera.
Zogulitsa zina ziwiri kuchokera ku gulu la Hello Nature zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwalawa popewa komanso kuwongolera kukula kwa matenda. Mankhwala PHOSFITE-1 (2-3 l / ha) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu phosphite kumayambitsa kuphatikizika kwa phytoalexins - mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri omwe amachepetsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amalepheretsa mapangidwe a spores, ndikusokoneza kagayidwe kake ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous yam'manja ndi potaziyamu kumapereka kukhuthala kwa makoma a cell ndi minofu yakunja, yomwe imalepheretsa kulowa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pakachitika mawonekedwe a foci a matendawa, njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo choipitsa mochedwa, powdery mildew, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowola, ndi kukonzekera kwa mkuwa wokhala ndi kukhudzana ndi machitidwe. SKUDO (1,5-2,5 l/ha). Kukonzekera kumeneku ndi kovomerezeka kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito pa ulimi wa organic ndipo kulibe nthawi yodikira, yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri ngati pakufunika chithandizo chamankhwala kumapeto kwa zomera.
Kusinthana kwamankhwala onsewa kumathandizira kuti mbewu zizikhala ndi thanzi pamtengo wocheperako, kuziteteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kulimbitsa thanzi la zomera kuchokera mkati, komanso kupewa kukula kwa matenda.
Inshuwaransi ya Microbiological kuteteza zokolola
Pokhudzana ndi kuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoteteza zomera za mankhwala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa komanso zosalamulirika, kukana kumapangidwa muzinthu zovulaza zomwe zimawatsogolera, i.e. kukana kwa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku zinthu zomwe kale zinali zowopsa kwa iwo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zamoyo zopindulitsa zomwe zinkakhala m'derali kapena nthaka isanayambike matekinoloje amphamvu, koma alibe kukana zotsatira za poizoni, amavutikanso panthawi ya mankhwala. Choncho, m'madera ambiri aulimi, malo amawoneka kumene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timacheperapo, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta kusunga mbewu ndikuwonjezera mtengo wa mabungwe aulimi popanga mbewu zamasamba.
Njira yothetsera vuto la kusunga mbewu zamasamba kuti zisawonongeke ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungal ndi mabakiteriya, m'malingaliro athu, ikhoza kukhala mitundu yocheperako ya microbiota - trichoderma, yomwe imatha kupikisana ndi chilengedwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera fungal.
Trichoderma ndi mtundu wa bowa womwe umapezeka m'nthaka zonse. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu ndi mycoparasites, ndiye kuti, imakhala ngati ma biocontrolling achilengedwe motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a dothi (fusarium, rhizoctonia, phytophthora, sclerotinia, Alternaria).
Trichoderma atroviride ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapulogalamu ophatikizika oteteza zomera. Mitundu ya trichoderma iyi ndiyowopsa kwambiri ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo nthawi yomweyo imalekerera nyengo yoyipa, imapereka kaphatikizidwe ka ma auxins ndi zinthu zina zolimbikitsa kukula, komanso imalimbikitsa kuyambitsa kwa mycorrhiza ndipo sikulepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo tothandiza.
Hello Nature ili ndi zinthu zingapo m'mbiri yake zomwe zimaphatikizapo zovuta kwambiri Trichoderma atroviride m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso kuphatikiza ndi mycorrhiza kapena mabakiteriya opindulitsa. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za kukonzekera trichodermal TIFI. Ndi ufa wosungunuka m'madzi wokhala ndi 2 x 108 CFU/g T. atroviride, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yobereketsa (1-2 kg/ha) ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa (0,5-1 kg/ha).
Munthawi ya 2019-21, m'mafamu angapo, tidayesa kuyesa kwa TIFI pazamasamba ndi zipatso zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, mu 2019, m'chigawo cha Gorodishchensky m'chigawo cha Volgograd, pa kufesa anyezi, kuyesa kunachitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kwa TIFI pa mlingo wa 1 kg / ha kupyolera mu fertigation poyerekeza ndi kayendetsedwe ka zachuma (Benazol SP, 6). kg/ha) mu gawo la masamba atatu. Malinga ndi zomwe zayeserera, magawo ena onse amagetsi ndi mabwalo otetezedwa anali ofanana.
Miyezo yapakatikati idawonetsa kuti kusiyanasiyana ndi FFI kudakhudza kwambiri kupanga mizu yamphamvu ndi masamba, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zokolola zichuluke ndi 11 t/ha poyerekeza ndi zafamu (zokolola m'munda zidakwera kufika pa 104 t. /ha). Kuonjezera apo, chiwembu cha TIFI chinali ndi mlingo wofanana wa chitetezo cha anyezi ku Fusarium monga momwe zimakhalira mumitundu yomwe mankhwala otetezera zomera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu yokhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito TFI idakhala yolimba kwambiri (zotsatira za ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Trichoderma muzu) kukuwonetsa zowola zomwe zimachitika pakusungidwa.
Kafukufuku watsimikiziranso kuti mawu oyamba TIFI kudzera mu kuthirira ndi kuthirira mbewu zambiri pakatha miyezi 1-2 musanayambe kukolola, zimapatsa mbewu zambiri za Trichoderma pakhosi kapena muzu mbewu musanasungidwe, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutayika kosungirako ndikukulitsa phindu lachuma kuchokera ku mbewu. zokolola.