Panthawi yakukula, mbatata imayankha bwino ulimi wothirira, koma kufunikira kwawo chinyezi pakukula ndi chitukuko sikufanana. Mwachitsanzo, chinyezi chochepa cha nthaka (65 - 70% ya MPV) isanamere komanso ikamera pamafunika kuti pakhale mizu yamphamvu yomwe imalowa munthaka, yomwe singawonongeke panthawi yolima pakati pa mizere. Komanso, kumera bwino kwa mizu kumapangitsa kuti muzitha kuyamwa bwino michere m'nthaka.
Pa ulimi wothirira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira nyengo okhala ndi masensa a nthaka. Masensa a dothi amapereka chidziwitso cha zomwe zikuchitika m'nthaka, momwe chinyezi chimadyedwera ndi mizu ya chomeracho komanso mphamvu yake.
ET0 station ndi sensa ya mbiri
Pa Juni 27, ogwira ntchito ku Metos LLC adayika malo okwerera nyengo kuti ayang'anire kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi chinyezi chomwe chili m'nthaka m'munda wa AgroAlliance - NN LLC famu yolima mbatata.
Malo okwerera nyengo a ET0 ali ndi masensa awa:
- Logger potengera kusamutsa deta ku nsanja yamtambo,
- Kuyeza kwa mpweya,
- Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi sensor chinyezi,
- Sensor ya radiation yonse ya solar,
- Akupanga anemometer ya liwiro la mphepo ndi mayendedwe.
Mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a FAO, ndi zida zamtunduwu zomwe zimakulolani kuti muwerengere zomwe zikuchitika komanso mpweya weniweni wa evapotranspiration (kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chinasanduka nthunzi pakanthawi kochepa kuchokera pamasamba ndi dothi).
Sensa ya mbiri ya kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka imalumikizidwanso ndi station. Ubwino wa sensa yamtunduwu ndikutha kuyang'anitsitsa chinyezi cha dothi chomwe chilipo mu increments 10. Pakalipano, kulamulira kwakuya kwa masentimita 60 kunasankhidwa kuti aziyang'anira mizu yogwira ntchito ya mbatata panthawi yovuta kwambiri ya nyengo yakukula. Masensa amadzimadzi a Volumetric amawonetsa mayendedwe mu%: pomwe 1% mugawo linalake imatha kumasuliridwa kukhala 1 mm mu 10 cm wosanjikiza. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri athu amasankha mtundu wamtengo wapatali koma wapamwamba kwambiri wokhala ndi cholakwika chochepera 1%. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka mukamagwira ntchito ndi dothi lopepuka, pomwe chinyezi chingakhale chotsika kwambiri (4-7 mm). Pazifukwa zotere, zolakwika za sensa za 2-3% kapena kupitilira apo zimatha kunyalanyaza mtengo wawo komanso tanthauzo la kuwerenga kotere. Mbatata idabzalidwa pafupifupi pa Meyi 24. Malo okwerera nyengo okhala ndi sensa ya nthaka ya Sentek adayikidwa m'munda pa Juni 27. Pakugwira ntchito kwa malo opangira nyengo ndi sensa ya nthaka kuyambira Juni 28 mpaka Julayi 12, titha kumvetsetsa momwe kukula kwa mizu kumachitikira komanso momwe kugwiritsira ntchito chinyezi kumachitikira m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Tchati 1
Pa graph (Grafu. 1) tikhoza kuona zochitika zotsatirazi za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chinyezi ndi zomera zomwe zilipo. Mizu ya zomera imakula bwino kwambiri, popeza kumwa kwa chinyezi komwe kulipo kumachitika kuchokera kukuya kwa masentimita 0 - 50. Mizu yogwira ntchito imakhala yozama pafupifupi 20 - 40 cm.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi mwachangu ndi chifukwa chakuti kuyambira pa Julayi 3 mpaka Julayi 9 (Grafu 2) kunali kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa nthaka pakuya kwa 0 - 40 cm, chifukwa chake mbewuyo idayamba kudya chinyezi chomwe chilipo. .
Tchati 2
Kuchepa kwa chinyontho cha volumetric m'nthaka kumakhudzidwa osati kokha ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito madzi ndi zomera, komanso ndi evaporation. M'nthawi ya July 3 July 9 (Graph. 3), pafupifupi 25 mm wa kupezeka chinyezi chamunthuyo kuchokera tsamba pamwamba ndi nthaka pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, tikakonzekera kuthirira kotsatira, ndikofunikira kusamala osati kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chatsalira m'nthaka, komanso kuchuluka kwa chinyezi chomwe chimatuluka mumlengalenga, kotero kuti posankha mlingo wothirira, timalipira. chifukwa cha chinyezi chotayika osati chifukwa cha kumwa madzi, komanso chifukwa cha mpweya.
Tchati 3
Komanso, tikamagwira ntchito ndi sensa ya nthaka, tili ndi mwayi wokonza "mizere ya bajeti". Ntchitoyi imakulolani kuti mufufuze mwamsanga momwe chinyezi chilipo kwa zomera ndikusankha mitengo yoyenera yothirira.
Tchati 4
Kutchera khutu ku graph (Graph. 4), tinganene kuti chomeracho chimakula m'mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya kukula ndi chitukuko (Green Zone). Monga tanenera kale, kuyambira pa July 3 mpaka July 9, madzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomera amawoneka, chifukwa chakuti masiku ano panali kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya. Chotsatira chake, panali kutuluka kwakukulu kwa chinyezi mumlengalenga, ndipo kutentha kwa nthaka kunawonjezekanso. Mvula yayitali, yomwe idayamba pa Julayi 9 ndipo idapitilira mpaka Julayi 12, idalembedwa ndi siteshoni yanyengo pafupifupi 94 mm. Chifukwa cha mpweya wa mumlengalenga, chinyezi cha volumetric m'nthaka chinawonjezeka kwambiri kotero kuti chinalowa m'malo odzaza madzi (zone blue). Chifukwa cha izi, palibe chifukwa chothirira sabata yamawa.
Pamagawo osiyanasiyana a nyengo yakukula, kusowa ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo kumawononga kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
Chifukwa cha malo oyikapo ndi sensa, tili ndi mwayi wowerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi, komanso chinyezi chomwe chimapezeka ku chomeracho. Chidziwitsochi, kuphatikiza ndi nyengo yoyembekezeka, nyengo yolima, kapangidwe ka dothi, ndi zida zothirira, zimathandiza kukonza bwino mitengo yothirira.
Zolinga za chithandizo chaulimi ndi ntchito
Kuyambira sabata ino, tikukonzekera kufalitsa lipoti la mlungu ndi mlungu monga gawo la chithandizo chaulimi. Ndi chithandizo chaulimi tikutanthauza kuyanjana kwa akatswiri athu ndi ogwira ntchito pafamu odalirika, komanso kupanga chithunzi chogwira ntchito komanso chokwanira cha malo osankhidwa. Pano ife tikukamba za kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka, madzi abwino ndi kuthirira bwino.