Kuchokera m'magazini: No. 3 2016
Gulu: Chigawo
Gawo: 76624 km2
Chiwerengero: Anthu 3, pomwe 260% ndi okhala mumzinda.
Malo: Dera la Nizhny Novgorod limalire kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi dera la Kostroma, kumpoto chakum'mawa - ndi dera la Kirov, kum'mawa - ndi Republic of Mari El ndi Chuvashia, kumwera - ndi Republic of Mordovia, kum'mwera chakumadzulo - ndi dera Ryazan, kumadzulo - ndi dera Vladimir ndi Ivanovo zigawo.
Nyengo kotentha kozizira, kozizira, nyengo yayitali komanso nyengo yaifupi yotentha. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa nyengo kumawonekera kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, pakati pa dera la Volga ndi Right Bank. Kutentha kwapachaka kwa mpweya kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 3.0ºC kumpoto mpaka 4.5ºC kumwera kwa derali. M'chaka, pafupifupi 600-650 mm wa mvula imagwa m'chigawo cha Volga ndi 500-550 mm ku Right Bank, ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu mwa mawonekedwe a mvula. Kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Meyi, mphepo yam'mwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo imakonda kuderali, ndipo m'miyezi yachilimwe - kumpoto chakumadzulo. Kuthamanga kwa mphepo pachaka ndi 3-4 m/s.
Chithandizo: derali lili m'chigawo chapakati cha East European Plain. Gawo lagawidwa magawo awiri pafupifupi ofanana: nkhalango otsika Trans-Volga dera (ndi dera la 42 Km.2) komanso dera la Volga lopanda mtengo.
Dothi: dothi la sod-podzolic ndi podzolic (66% ya gawo); nkhalango imvi ikukhala 16,3%; chernozemic 7,9%; alluvial riverpula 3,6%; marsh and peat 6,2%.
Malo azaulimi: 3059,7 ha
Ntchito yayikulu yomwe ogwira ntchito m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod akukumana nawo ndikuthana ndi mavuto odzipezera okha m'derali ndi zakudya zoyambira. Ndipo mbatata m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod ndi zina mwa mbewu zofunika kwambiri zaulimi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya ndi chakudya, komanso ndizinthu zopangira mafakitale.
Pothandizira kukula kwa mbatata m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod
Kuchokera mu 2016, akukonzekera kupereka chithandizo kwa olima ulimi kuti apereke chithandizo chosagwirizana pakupanga mbewu za mbatata ndi masamba otseguka. Thandizo lidzaperekedwa pa hekitala imodzi ya malo obzalidwa omwe amadzala ndi mbatata ndi masamba otseguka. Kuperekedwa kwa chithandizo cha boma ichi kumayendetsedwa ndi Lamulo la Boma la Nizhny Novgorod Region No.
Mabungwe a Agro-Industrial Complex omwe akuchita kulima mbatata ali ndi ufulu wolandila ndalama zothandizira kubweza gawo la chiwongola dzanja pangongole zazifupi komanso zobwereketsa zomwe zimakopeka ndi cholinga chopanga mbatata molingana ndi Lamulo la Boma la Russia la Disembala. 28.12.2012, 1460 No. 25.03.2013 ndi Malamulo a Boma la dera la Nizhny Novgorod la March 173, 02.11.2012 No. 781, la XNUMX No. XNUMX.
Kuphatikiza apo, Federal Target Program "Development of Reclamation of Agricultural Lands in Russia for 2014 - 2020" ikugwira ntchito m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod. Mkati mwa dongosololi, thandizo limaperekedwa pomanga, kumanganso ndi kukonzanso zida zamakina amthirira ndi ngalande zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse komanso payekhapayekha, kuphatikiza kulima mbatata.
Thandizo limaperekedwa kwa omwe alandila ndalama zosapitilira 50% ya ndalama zomwe zidachitika ndikulipiridwa, koma osapitilira 50% yamtengo woyerekeza womanga (kumanganso, zida zaukadaulo) zamakina okonzanso. Mu 2016, ma ruble 2016 miliyoni adavomerezedwa m'derali m'chilamulo "Pa bajeti yachigawo ya 60", kuphatikizapo ma ruble 54 miliyoni a bajeti ya federal ndi ma ruble 6 miliyoni kuchokera ku bajeti yachigawo.
Zakwanitsidwa mu 2015
Malinga ndi Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Nizhny Novgorod Region, mu 2015, malo okhala mbatata m'mafamu amitundu yonse anali mahekitala 52,3 (104% ya mulingo wa 2014), matani 950,6 (114%). anapangidwa ndi zokolola zapakati pa 183 c/ha.
Mulingo wodzikwanira mu mbatata m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod mu 2015 unali 122,2%. Masiku ano, dera la Nizhny Novgorod limakwaniritsa zosowa zake mokwanira, ndikugulitsa bwino zokolola zochulukirapo kumadera ena a Russian Federation.
Kupanga mbeu ya mbatata
Mafamu pafupifupi 240 (mabizinesi aulimi 77 ndi minda ya anthu pafupifupi 160) akupanga mbatata zamalonda m'derali.
Kuonetsetsa kuti opanga zinthu ali ndi mbewu zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zobzala m'dera la Nizhny Novgorod, njira yasayansi ya Elite ndi yopanga imagwira ntchito. Mu 2015, idaphatikizanso mafamu 35 osankhika ambewu, omwe 13 osankhika amalima makamaka pakupanga mbewu zambatata zapamwamba. Kubalana kumachitika 22 mitundu. Pafupifupi matani 5 a mbewu za mbatata zobereketsa kwambiri amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, pomwe pafupifupi matani 3,5 amagulitsidwa kumadera ena a Russia.
Kuphatikiza apo, pamaziko a LLC Elitkhoz (mzinda wa Bor) ndi LLC Agrofirma Metallurg (nthambi Novodmitrievskoye, mzinda wa Vyksa) pali ma laboratories awiri opangira mbewu za mbatata zopanda kachilombo. Kugwira ntchito kwa ma labotale opangira mbewu zambatata zoyambira kumapangitsa kupanga pachaka pafupifupi 220 zidutswa za mini-tubers, zomwe, pamodzi ndi kusankha kwapachaka m'malo ofalitsa anazale pogwiritsa ntchito ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), imatsimikizira kupanga kwapachaka kwa pafupifupi 3-3,5 zikwi matani wathanzi osankhika mbatata. Ma voliyumuwa amakwaniritsa zosowa zamafamu a m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod pazomera zambewu (I - III zobereketsa), zotsatiridwa ndi kukonzanso kwamitundu kapena kusintha kwamitundu.
Zomangamanga zamakampani
Kuchita bwino kwa minda ya mbatata sikudalira kokha pakukula kwaukadaulo wamakono, komanso pakupanga ndi kukonza njira zosungira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mafamu ambiri otsogola m'derali adayika ndalama zake pomanga malo osungirako mbatata zatsopano ndi njira zowongolera nyengo, ndikugula zida zosinthira, kusunga, kutsuka, kusenda ndi kuyika mbatata.
Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo Latkin LLC ya chigawo cha Arzamas, chomwe chili ndi malo osungirako matani 20 a mbatata, Agrotrade Company LLC, STEK LLC ya Bogorodsky District (malo osungira matani 25 zikwi), Axentis LLC ya Gorodetsky. chigawo (kusungira mphamvu kwa matani 20 zikwi ndi labotale). AFG National Nizhny Novgorod LLC ikumanga malo atsopano osungiramo matani 16 m'boma la Lukoyanovsky.
Nthawi zambiri, m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod pali malo osungira mbatata okhala ndi matani 568. Pali malo osungira mbatata omwe adamangidwa mu 60s azaka zapitazi omwe amafunikira kukonzanso kwakukulu.
Mafamu otukuka
Mabizinesi akulu akulu ndi minda ya anthu wamba amagwira ntchito m'derali. Chofunika kwambiri pakuyenda kwawo patsogolo ndikusintha kwa mafakitale, pogwiritsa ntchito luso la sayansi ndi luso la mafakitale ndi njira zabwino zamabizinesi opambana kwambiri m'derali.
LLC "Latkin" (chigawo cha Arzamas)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 1400, zokolola zonse zinali matani 50,4 zikwi ndi zokolola za 360 c/ha. Famuyi idayambitsa ukadaulo wopanga mbatata waku Dutch. Kuyika kwa ulimi wothirira kunagulidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito kudera la mahekitala 400, zomwe zimalola kuchulukitsa zokolola za mbatata ndi 50%. Makina ndi zida zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza zodzipangira zokha mbatata. Mu 2010, malo osungira mbatata okhala ndi zolinga zambiri okhala ndi microclimate yoyendetsedwa ndi matani 20 adayikidwa kwathunthu. Malo osungira mbatata ali ndi malo ochapa, kusenda ndi kuyika zinthu, zomwe zina zimapangidwa mu vacuum package. Mu 000, zida zovuta zidagulidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutsuka, kupukuta, ndikuyika mbatata m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono (2014-2 kilogalamu) yokhala ndi mphamvu yofikira matani 3 pa ola limodzi. Famuyi ili ndi malo osungira mbatata 40 okhala ndi matani 13, kuphatikiza matani 45,4 osungiramo chidebe ndi matani 4,5 okhala ndi zida zafiriji.
Aksentis LLC (chigawo cha Gorodetsky)
Mu 2015, mahekitala 500 a mbatata adabzalidwa pafamupo. Matani 21,9 a mbatata adapangidwa ndi zokolola zapakati pa 438 c/ha. Otsatirawa adamangidwa ndipo akugwira ntchito: malo osungira mbatata omwe amatha kusungirako matani opitilira 15, okhala ndi njira yaukadaulo (yonyamula mbatata zamalonda) yokhala ndi malo a 3 sq.m. ; malo osungiramo ziwiya zosungirako mbewu zambatata zoyambirira komanso zapamwamba zokhala ndi matani opitilira 4,5; nyumba ya labotale yofalitsira ma tubers a mbatata.
TNV "Mir" Yashchenko A.V. ndi kampani" (Gorodetsky chigawo)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 470, zokolola zonse zinali matani 19,2 zikwi ndi zokolola za 409,3 c/ha. Pali malo asanu ndi awiri osungira mbatata omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokwana matani 7,2 zikwi.
LLC "PC "Nizhny Novgorod Potato System" (chigawo cha Shatkovsky)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 300, zokolola zonse zinali matani 14,8 ndi zokolola za 494,4 c/ha. Chiwerengero chonse chosungirako ndi matani 13 zikwi.
LLC "Zhniva" (chigawo cha Arzamas)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 290, zokolola zonse zinali matani 14,5 zikwi ndi zokolola za 500 c/ha. Pali malo asanu osungira mbatata omwe amatha matani 14,5, kuphatikiza matani 3,1 osungiramo chidebe ndi matani 3 okhala ndi zida zafiriji.
Agrofirma Iskra LLC (chigawo cha Bogorodsky)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 450, zokolola zonse zinali matani 11,9 zikwi ndi zokolola za 264 c/ha. Pali zinthu zisanu zosungirako mbatata zokhala ndi matani 14. Malo osungirako omwe ali ndi mphamvu ya matani 2,5 zikwizikwi ali ndi firiji. Ndi bizinesi yosankhika yomwe imakulitsa mbewu za mbatata za Red Scarlett.
Malingaliro a kampani FH Yalina A.P. (Chigawo cha Arzamas)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 150, zokolola zonse zinali matani 7,2 zikwi ndi zokolola za 480 c/ha. Pali malo awiri osungira mbatata omwe amatha kusungirako matani 7, kuphatikiza matani 500 osungira chidebe ndi matani 500 okhala ndi firiji.
Famu yamagulu "Red Lighthouse" (chigawo cha Gorodetsky)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 160, zokolola zonse zinali matani 6,4 zikwi ndi zokolola za 400 c/ha. Pali zinthu zisanu zosungirako mbatata zokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana matani 4,5. Ndi osankhika mbewu kukula ogwira mbatata ndi mbewu mbewu.
Malingaliro a kampani Labzin S.A. (Chigawo cha Arzamas)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 100, zokolola zonse zinali matani 4,5 zikwi ndi zokolola za 450 c/ha. Famuyi ili ndi malo anayi osungira mbatata omwe ali ndi mphamvu yosungira matani 7, kuphatikizapo matani 1 osungiramo chidebe ndi matani 1 okhala ndi firiji.
Famu yapagulu Vizgunov K.V. (Chigawo cha Spasky)
Dera lofesedwa la mbatata mu 2015 linali mahekitala 80, zokolola zonse zinali matani 3,6 zikwi ndi zokolola za 450 c/ha. Chiwerengero chonse chosungira ndi matani 10 zikwi.
Kukula kwa mabizinesi otere kumapangitsa kuti athe kuthetsa osati nkhani zachitetezo cha chakudya ndi mbatata zapamwamba zoteteza zachilengedwe, komanso nkhani zachitukuko chakumidzi. Uku ndikukhazikitsa ntchito, malipiro okwera, kuwongolera anthu ammudzi, ndikuwongolera mitengo yazakudya zofunika.
Mapulani ndi ziyembekezo za 2016
Mu 2016, pulogalamu ya "Development of reclamation of Agriculture in the Nizhny Novgorod region for 2016-2020" idayamba kugwira ntchito m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod. Monga gawo la pulogalamuyi, chaka chino akukonzekera kukulitsa malo omwe ali pansi pa mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba chifukwa cha malo othirira ndi mahekitala 3116 ndikupeza matani oposa 41 zikwi za mbatata ndi ndiwo zamasamba pansi pa ulimi wothirira.
Monga amadziwika, zokolola za ulimi wothirira ulimi wothirira ndi nthawi 2,5 kuposa kumadera ofanana popanda ulimi wothirira, ndi ntchito zokolola ndi dzuwa la ntchito zachilengedwe ndi zinthu ndi luso chuma, kuphatikizapo feteleza, kuonjezera kawiri kapena katatu. Zokolola za mbatata zimawonjezeka ndi 1,5-2 nthawi ndikufika 450-600 centners pa hekitala, masamba - katatu ndikufika 300 centners pa hekitala. Chotsatira chake, kuyambitsidwa kwa ulimi wothirira kumabweretsa kuchepetsa mtengo wa katundu kwa ogula mapeto.
Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi chachikulu m'derali chimaperekedwa kuti athetse mavuto amakono ndi kumanga malo osungira mbatata ndi masamba omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakono. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi pulogalamu ya federal yopititsa patsogolo ndikumanganso malo osungira mbatata ndi masamba, ma greenhouse complex omwe amathandizidwa ndi ndalama kuchokera ku bajeti yachigawo. Chaka chino, akukonzekera kugawa pafupifupi ma ruble 10,0 miliyoni kuchokera ku bajeti yachigawo pazochitikazi.
Zinthu zokonzedwa Unduna wa Zaulimi m'chigawo cha Nizhny Novgorod