D. Yu. Ryazantsev, E. M. Chudinova, L. Yu. Kokaeva, S. N. Elansky, P. N. Balabko, G. L. Belova, S. K. Zavriev
Bowa la phytopathogenic Colletotrichum coccode limayambitsa matenda owopsa mu mbatata ndi tomato lotchedwa anthracnose ndi tuber wakuda banga. Ndi mawonekedwe a morphological, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo tina; pa zipatso za phwetekere zobiriwira, matendawa amatha kukhala osagwirizana, kuwonekera pakokha zipatso zofiira. Kuti muzindikire mwachangu komanso molondola za tizilomboti, pulogalamu yoyeserera ya PCR imaperekedwa. Kuti apange njira yoyesera, mawonekedwe a nucleotide a glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene a 45 C. coccode tizilombo ta kutali ndi tubers wa mbatata m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Russia adatsimikiza.
Kutengera zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa ndikuwunika mitundu yofananira yofananira yopezeka mu nkhokwe ya GenBank, zoyambira zapadera ndi kafukufuku wa C. coccode zidapangidwa. Poyesa momwe mayesowo adapangidwira, PCR idachitidwa ndi DNA yosiyanitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe zoyera za mitundu 15 yamitundu ya parasitic ndi saprotrophic bowa yokhudzana ndi tomato ndi mbatata (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillium, Phomopsis phaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Helminthosporium solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Neonectria radicicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, C. cladosporioides). Kukhalapo kwa DNA ya Colletotrichum coccodes kunatsimikizika kumapeto kwa 20-27, pomwe mitundu ina idapezeka pambuyo pamagawo 40 kapena osadziwika. Njira yoyesayi imapangitsa kuti azindikire moyenera C. coccode DNA yomwe ili yochuluka kuposa 0.01 ng / mm3 mu kusakanikirana kwa PCR. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeserera, kupezeka kwa C. coccode m'masamba a phwetekere omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za matenda a fungus komanso m'matumba a mbatata popanda zisonyezo zakunja kwa matendawa kudafufuzidwa. Masamba omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za matenda a mafangasi adasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumagawo awiri osiyanasiyana ku Krasnodar Territory, tubers - kuchokera kuminda ku Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Tsamba limodzi la phwetekere lomwe lili ndi C. coccodes DNA lidapezeka ku Krasnodar Territory; kupezeka kwakukulu kwa DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kunapezedwa mu zitsanzo za 5 za ma tubers omwe amakula kumadera a Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga.
Mau oyamba
Bowa wa mtundu wa Colletotrichum ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza chimanga, masamba, zitsamba, zipatso zosatha ndi mabulosi. Mmodzi mwa mitundu yopezeka paliponse pamtunduwu, Colletotrichum coccode (Wallr).
Hughes, ndi amene amachititsa kuti asadukire ndi malo akuda a mbatata ndi tomato, ndipo amayambitsa matenda a mbewu zina zingapo za banja la Solanaceae, kuphatikiza. namsongole (Dillard, 1992). C. ma coccode amapatsira mbali zonse zapansi panthaka, masamba, masamba, ndi zipatso (Andrivon et al., 1998; Johnson, 1994). Pa peel ya kachilombo ka mbatata kachilomboka, kukula kwa imvi ndi madera osadziwika bwino, komwe madontho akuda a sporulation ndi microsclerotia amawonekera bwino. Pakusunga, zilonda zokhala ndi zofewa zimatha kupanga zamkati mwa tubers, i.e. Matendawa amalowa mu gawo la anthracnose, lomwe, komabe, limapezeka kawirikawiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro za anthracnose (zilonda pakhungu zokhala ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono akuda) ndizofanana ndi zipatso za phwetekere. Pamasamba, zizindikiro za C. coccode zimawoneka ngati mawanga akuda kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amalire ndi minofu yachikaso (Johnson, 1994).
Kukula kwa malo akuda pa ma tubers kumawononga mawonekedwe awo, omwe amadziwika makamaka pogulitsa mbatata yofiira. Kutulutsa khungu kumabweretsa kusintha kwamadzi ochulukirapo ndikuwonjezeka kosungira (Hunger ndi McIntyre, 1979). Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zina zazomera kumabweretsa zotayika, zomwe zidadziwika m'malo otseguka komanso otsekedwa (Johnson, 1994; Tsror et al., 1999). Matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi C. coccode amapezeka wamba pafupifupi madera onse opanga mbatata padziko lapansi, kuphatikiza Russia (Leesa, Hilton, 2003; Belov et al, 2018). Kulimbana ndi matendawa ndi kovuta chifukwa chakusakwanira kwa fungicides motsutsana ndi C. coccode komanso kusowa kwa mitundu yolimbana (Werengani, Bisani, 1995).
C. coccodes inoculum imatha kupitilirabe mumachubu yambewu (Werengani ndi Kubisa, 1988; Johnson et al., 1997), nthanga za phwetekere (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010), zimakhalabe kwanthawi yayitali m'nthaka, pazinyalala za mbewu (Dillard, 1990 ; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) ndi namsongole (Raid, Pennypacker, 1987). Ntchito za olemba angapo (Werengani, Bisani, 1988; Barkdoll, Davis, 1992; Johnson et al., 1997; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) awonetsa kuti kukula kwa matendawa mu mbatata ndi tomato kumadalira kupezeka kwa inoculum m'mbewu komanso nthaka. Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kudziwa (kuphatikiza zowerengera) zotsalira za bowa zomwe zimapezeka munthaka, m'nthaka, m'mazira a mbatata ndi mbewu za phwetekere zosungidwa. Matenda a morphological m'nthaka ndi mbewu amatha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati pali microsclerotia, yomwe imapezekanso mumitundu ina ya bowa.
Zizindikiro za ma tubers ndizofanana kwambiri ndi nkhanambo zasiliva zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi fungus Helminthosporium solani. Kupatutsidwa kwa Colletotrichum coccode ndi Helminthosporium solani kukhala chikhalidwe choyera kumakhala kovuta ndipo kumatenga nthawi yayitali chifukwa chakuchedwa kukula kwa sing'anga. Kuti muzindikire mwachangu ma coccode a Colletotrichum, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwira. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ndikusinthidwa kwake - PCR yeniyeni. Pakadali pano, njira yoyeserera yopangidwa ndi ofufuza aku Britain (Cullen et al., 2002) mdera la ITS1 la rDNA imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Europe ndi United States. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwawonetsa zotsatira zabwino pofufuza zaku Russia (Belov et al, 2018). Komabe, C. coccode ndimasinthidwe ambiri ndipo kupezeka kwake motsata DNA kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zabodza. Kuti tipeze matenda odalirika, kuwunika kumafunikira pamitundu ingapo ya mitundu ya DNA, momwe tidapangira njira yoyeserera yoyambirira yomwe imalola kuzindikira ma coccode potengera mtundu wa glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
Zida ndi njira
Kuti tiwunikire momwe mayesedwe adapangidwira, tidagwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe za mitundu 15 ya mafangayi yopatulidwa ndi olemba kuchokera ku matenda a masamba a phwetekere ndi zipatso, tubers ya mbatata (Gulu 1). Podzipatula, tinatenga ziwalo za zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikilo za matenda a mafangasi, osapitilira gawo limodzi pachitsamba chilichonse.
Chidutswa cha tuber ndi peel, chidutswa cha chipatso cha phwetekere, ndi tsamba lomwe lakhudzidwa lidayikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu ya binocular, pambuyo pake mycelium, spores, kapena chidutswa chazinyama zidasamutsidwa pa agar medium (wort agar) mu mbale ya Petri yokhala ndi singano yolimbitsa. Odzipatulawo adasungidwa pa agar slant m'machubu yoyesera pa 4 ° C.
Zitsanzo za masamba a phwetekere omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za matenda a fungus, omwe amayenera kuwunikidwa, atangotolera (m'munda) adayikidwa 70% ethyl mowa momwe amasungidwa mpaka kudzipatula kwa DNA. Mitengo ya mbatata idaperekedwa ku labotale, idadulidwa (chidutswa cha 2 × 1 cm) kuchokera kwa iwo, ndipo idazizidwa pa -20 ° С. Kusungidwa kwazizira mpaka kudzipatula kwa DNA.
Mitundu yoyera ya bowa yodzipatula kwa DNA idalimidwa mumtola wamadzi. Mycelium wa bowa adachotsedwa pakatikati pamadzi, atayanika pamapepala osungunuka, atazizira m'madzi a nayitrogeni, opangidwa ndi homogenized, ophatikizidwa ndi buffer ya CTAB, yoyeretsedwa ndi chloroform, yotenthedwa ndi chisakanizo cha isopropanol ndi 0.5 M potaziyamu acetate, yotsukidwa kawiri ndi 2% mowa. DNA yomwe idatulutsidwa idasungunuka m'madzi osungunuka ndikusungidwa pa -70 ° С (Kutuzova et al., 20). Kuyeza kwa DNA kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chokwanira cha HS DNA chophatikizira DNA iwiri pa Qubit 2017 (Qiagen, Germany). Mitundu yoledzera komanso yachisanu idapangidwa mu nayitrogeni wamadzi, kenako DNA idachotsedwa monga tafotokozera pamwambapa (chifukwa cha mycelium yamitundu yoyera ya mafangasi).
Gulu 1. Chiyambi cha mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito ya bowa
Dzina la bowa | Chomera, chiwalo | Malo osankhidwa |
---|---|---|
Colletotrichum coccodes 1, C. coccodes 2, C. coccodes 3, Ilyonectria crassa, Rhizoctonia solani | Tuber ya mbatata | Dera la Kostroma, tubers wa mbatata wazaka 1 zamasamba, kulima Red Scarlett |
Ma coccode a Colletotrichum 4 | tsamba la mbatata | Pemphani. Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola. (Adasankhidwa) |
Helminthosporium solani | Tuber ya mbatata | Kudera la Magadan, pos. Chihema, tuber ya mbatata |
Cladosporium fulvum | tsamba la phwetekere | Dera la Moscow, phwetekere wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu |
Alternaria tomatophila | chipatso cha phwetekere | kutumizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito labotale ya mycology ndi phytopathology ya All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection |
Fusarium verticillium, Phomopsisphaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Acrodontium luzulae, Penicillium sp. | chipatso cha phwetekere | Krasnodar Territory, chigawo cha Krymsky, Cream grade |
Fusarium oxysporum | mizu ya tirigu | Dera la Moscow |
PCR idachitidwa pa DTprime amplifier (DNA-Technology). Kwa PCR, zoyambira zoyambirira ndi kafukufuku wofufuza za madera ena amtundu wa glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene adagwiritsidwa ntchito: patsogolo primer Coc70gdf -TCATGATATCATTTCTCTCACGGCA, reverse primer Coc280gdr - TACTTGAGCATGTAGGCCTGGGT1. Zoyambira zimakulitsa dera la 213 bp.
Zomwe adachitazo zidatenga 50 ng ya DNA yathunthu (pofufuza masamba ndi ma tubers) ndi 10 ng (pakuwunika kwa DNA yazikhalidwe zoyera za bowa). Zosakaniza zosakanikirana (35 μl) zidasiyanitsidwa ndi parafini wosanjikiza magawo awiri: m'munsi (20 μl) munali 2 μl ya 10 × reaction buffer (750 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 200 mM (NH4) 2SO4; 25 mM MgCl2; 0.1% Tween- 20), 0.5 mM ya deoxynucleotide triphosphate iliyonse, 7 pmol ya choyambira chilichonse, ndi 4 pmol of hydrolyzable fluorescent probe; chapamwamba chinali 1 μl ya 10 × PCR buffer ndi 1 U wa Taq polymerase.
Kupatukana kwa phulusa ndi parafini kumapangitsa kuti machubu amasungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwa 5 ° C ndikupatsa poyambira PCR mukawatenthetsa kwa mphindi 10 kutentha pamwamba pa 80 ° C. PCR idachitidwa molingana ndi pulogalamu yotsatirayi: 94.0 ° C - 90 s (1 kuzungulira); 94.0 ° C - 30 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (masekondi 5); 94.0 ° C - 10 s; 64.0 ° C - 15 s (masekeli 45); 10.0 ° C - yosungirako.
Zotsatira ndi zokambirana
Magulu a glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase adatsimikizika mu mitundu 45 yopanda masamba, zimayambira, tubers ya mbatata, ndi zipatso za phwetekere (Kutuzova, 2018) m'malo osiyanasiyana ku Russia. Kafukufuku wofufuza zamtundu uliwonse adagawika m'magulu awiri mosiyana ndi ma nucleotide awiri. Zotsatira za ma nucleotide oyimira magulu onse awiri pansi pa manambala KY2 ndi KY496634 zimayikidwa mu GenBank.
Zoyambira coc70gdf, coc280gdr ndi kafukufuku wa cocgdz wopangidwa pamaziko awo adayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya BLAST (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast) pamitundu yonse ya mtundu wa glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase wamitundu ya mtundu wa Colletotrichum ndi zamoyo zina zomwe zikupezeka mu database ya GenBank.
Palibe zigawo za DNA za zamoyo zina zomwe zimakonda kwambiri kupenda ndi kafukufuku zomwe zidapezeka.
Kuzindikira kwa mayesowo kunayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za C. coccodes DNA, DNA ya tsamba la mbatata lomwe limadwala anthracnose (yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa mu 2017 ku Mari El, Red Red Scarlett), ndi khungu la ma tubers omwe amakhudzidwa ndi malo akuda (omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mdera la Kostroma, zosiyanasiyana Red Scarlett, Gulu 2). Kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa DNA mu ma tubers ndi masamba a mbatata, C. mitundu yama coccode idasiyanitsidwa ndi iwo kupita kuzikhalidwe zoyera.
Zotsatira zakusanthula kwazomwe zidachitika pakuyesa zikuwonetsa kuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kupezeka kwa C. coccodes DNA mchitsanzo pomwe zonse zomwe zili mu PCR zosaposa 0.05 ng. Izi ndizokwanira kuzindikira, popeza sclerotia imodzi imakhala, pafupifupi 0.131 ng, ndipo spore imodzi imakhala ndi 0.04 ng ya DNA (Cullen et al., 2002). Njira zoyeserera zopangidwa ndi gulu la Chingerezi (Cullen et al., 2002) adawonetsanso chidwi chofananira (cholowera 34 pa 0.05 ng DNA ndi 37 ku 0.005 ng).
Kuwunika kwa zitsanzo zachilengedwe zomwe zinali ndi ma coccode munthawi zonse kunapangitsa kuti zidziwike momveka bwino zakupezeka kwake munzitsanzo (Gulu 2). Njira yofunsira kudzipatula kwa DNA idagwiranso ntchito posanthula mitundu yazomera zachilengedwe.
Tebulo 2. Kukhazikika kwa chidwi cha mayeso oyeserera kuti adziwe ma coccode a Colletotrichum a PCR yeniyeni
Образец | Kuchuluka kwa DNA mu nyemba *, ng | Kuzungulira kwamalire | C. kudziwika kwa coccodes |
---|---|---|---|
Ma coccode a Mycelium Colletotrichum | 50 | 21.3 | + |
5 | 25.7 | + | |
0.5 | 29,7 | + | |
0.05 | 33.5 | + | |
0.005 | 40 | - | |
0.0005 | 42.8 | - | |
0.00005 | - | ||
Tsamba la Tuber 1 | 50 | 32 | + |
Tsamba la Tuber 2 | 50 | 30 | + |
Tsamba la Tuber 3 | 50 | 31.5 | + |
Tsamba la mbatata | 50 | 29.5 | + |
Zindikirani. * Mukusakaniza kwa zinthu za PCR.
Makonda a mayesowo adayesedwa pazitsanzo za DNA zochokera pamitundu 15 ya bowa. Mitundu yonse ya mafangayi idasiyanitsidwa ndi olemba zipatso zakhudzidwa ndi zipatso ndi masamba a phwetekere, tubers wa mbatata; Mtundu umodzi udali wopanda mizu ya tirigu (Gulu 1). Mwa mitundu yomwe ili kutali ndi zipatso, palinso mitundu ina yomwe siimayambitsa matenda a phwetekere (mwachitsanzo, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus).
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti C. coccode DNA idapezeka pakazungulira ka 20-27, pomwe mitundu ina ya fungus sinazindikiridwe kapena kupatsidwa chizindikiritso pambuyo pa 40, yomwe imatha kukhala ndi phokoso lopanda tanthauzo (Gulu 3).
Gulu 3. Kuyang'ana mayeso a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa
Dzina la bowa | Kuzungulira kwamalire |
Ma coccode a Colletotrichum 1 | 20.9 |
C. ma coccode 2 | 22.6 |
C. ma coccode 3 | 23 |
C. ma coccode 4 | 22 |
Fusarium oxysporum | > 40 |
F. verticalillium | > 40 |
Rhizoctonia solani | > 40 |
Phomopsis phaseoli | > 40 |
Njira ina | > 40 |
A. tomatophila | > 40 |
Helminthosporium solani | > 40 |
Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus | > 40 |
Kutulutsa khungu vesicarium | > 40 |
Ilyonectria crassa | > 40 |
Mankhwala a Cladosporioides | > 40 |
C. fulvum | > 40 |
Acrodontium luzulae | > 40 |
Penicillium NS. | > 40 |
Zindikirani. * Kuchuluka kwa DNA mu zitsanzo zonse kunali 10 ng.
Njira yoyeserera yoyeserera idagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira C. coccode m'masamba a phwetekere omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za necrotrophic tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mbewa za mbatata zopanda zisonyezo. Phunziroli, tidatenga mbewu za tubers zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakula ku Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Kukhalapo kwa C. coccodes DNA kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kofunikira pazitsanzo, pakuwunika komwe malire ake sanapitirire 35. Mtengo uwu udasankhidwa kutengera kutsimikizika kotsimikizika kwa 0.05 ng wa C. coccode DNA (malire 33.5, Gulu 2) komanso kuti malire ozungulira 40, DNA yopanda tanthauzo yamitundu ina ya bowa idapezeka. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, kupezeka kwakukulu kwa C. coccodes DNA kunapezeka mu zitsanzo za 5 za ma tubers omwe amalimidwa ku Kostroma, Moscow, Kaluga zigawo ndi tsamba limodzi la tomato kuchokera kudera la Yeisk m'chigawo cha Krasnodar (Matebulo 4, 5).
Gulu 4. Kuzindikira ma coccode a Colletotrichum pamitsuko ya mbatata *
Nambala yachitsanzo | Mbatata zosiyanasiyana | Malo a kukula | C. kudziwika kwa coccodes | Kuzungulira kwamalire |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Chofiira Chofiira | Kostroma dera | + | 35 |
2 | + | 35 | ||
3 | - | 38 | ||
4 | Sante | Dera la Moscow | + | 34 |
5 | - | |||
6 | - | 41 | ||
7 | - | 41.8 | ||
8 | + | 30 | ||
9 | Zhukovsky molawirira | Dera la Moscow | - | 40.5 |
10 | - | 40.6 | ||
11 | - | |||
12 | Molly | Kaluga dera | + | 34.3 |
13 | - | 38.4 | ||
14 | Malingaliro | Kaluga dera | - | |
15 | Gala | Dera la Nizhny Novgorod. | - | |
16 | - |
Zindikirani. * Kuchuluka kwa DNA mu zitsanzo zonse kunali 50 ng.
Gulu 5. Kuzindikira ma coccode a Colletotrichum pamasamba a phwetekere *
Nambala yachitsanzo | Malo a kukula | C. kudziwika kwa coccodes | Kuzungulira kwamalire |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Gawo la Krasnodar, Chigawo cha Crimea | - | |
2 | - | ||
3 | - | ||
4 | - | 45 | |
5 | - | ||
6 | - | ||
7 | - | ||
8 | - | ||
9 | Gawo la Krasnodar, Chigawo cha Yeisk | - | 39.2 |
10 | - | 40.8 | |
11 | - | ||
12 | - | 41.6 | |
13 | - | 40 | |
14 | - | 41 | |
15 | - | 41.9 | |
16 | - | ||
17 | - | ||
18 | - | 40.3 | |
19 | - | ||
20 | - | ||
21 | + | 34.5 | |
22 | - | ||
23 | - |
* Kuchuluka kwa DNA muzitsanzo zonse kunali 50 ng.
Njira zoyeserera zopangidwa ndi ife sizotsika poyerekeza ndi zomwe akatswiri aku Britain adachita (Cullen et al., 2002) mwakumvetsetsa komanso mwapadera ndipo ndioyenera kusanthula mitundu yazomera. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pakuwunika mbewu za tubers kunapangitsa kuti zizindikire C. coccode DNA mu ma tubers popanda zisonyezo zakunja zakusokonekera ndikuwunika bwino momwe masamba amathandizira.
Mpaka pano, palibe kuwunika kwa tubers wa mbatata kwa infestation wa C. coccode komwe kwachitika ku Russia. Kafukufuku wathu woyamba adawonetsa kuti mwa masamba 16 omwe adayesedwa omwe amapezeka kumadera osiyanasiyana a Russian Federation, 5 ali ndi ma coccode. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti malo akuda a mbatata ya mbatata ndi matenda ofala a mbatata ku Russia, ndipo gawo lake pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbatata silimanyalanyazidwa.
Kusanthula masamba a phwetekere kunawonetsa kupezeka kwakukulu kwa C. coccode DNA patsamba limodzi kuchokera m'boma la Yeisk ku Krasnodar Territory. M'mbuyomu, poyesa minda ya phwetekere kumwera kwa Russia pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera yaku Britain (Cullen et al., 2002), masamba okhala ndi C. coccode adapezeka, ndipo m'malo ena masamba ambiri omwe amapezeka ndi C. coccode adapezeka (Belov et al., 2018). Ku Krasnodar ndi Primorsky Territories, m'chigawo cha Moscow, tidapeza zipatso za phwetekere, pomwe tidakwanitsa kupatula miyambo yoyera ya C. coccode. Ndizotheka kuti C. coccode ndikofala kwambiri pa phwetekere ku Russia kuposa momwe anthu akukhulupirira masiku ano, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kulibe chidwi.
Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano, chidziwitso chokwanira chapezeka pakufalitsa kwa C. coccode pa mbatata ndi tomato.
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino ntchito ya fungusyi pakukula kwa matenda a mbatata ndi phwetekere, ndikofunikira kuwunika kufalikira kwake ku Russia, kuphunzira za kufalikira kwa nthaka ndi mbewu, komanso gawo lakuda pakatayika posungira. Kugwiritsa ntchito PCR diagnostics kumatha kuyendetsa bwino ntchitoyi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yomweyo mayeso onsewo kumakulitsa kulondola kwa kusanthula.
Ntchitoyi idathandizidwa ndi thandizo lochokera ku Russian Science Foundation No. 18-76-00009.
Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa mu nyuzipepala ya "Mycology and Phytopathology" (voliyumu 54, No. 1, 2020).