Alexey Krasilnikov, Executive Director wa Potato Union ya Russia
Masheya akulu ndi mitengo yotsika. Kubwereza msika wa mbatata
Matani 6,7 miliyoni a mbatata adakololedwa ndi opanga maulimi aku Russia mchaka cha 2018. Koma kukolola bwino sikutsimikizira kuti pakubwera ndalama zochuluka, ndipo nyengo yomwe ikutha kamatsimikiziranso izi.
Masheya a mbatata za tebulo m'magawo
Malinga ndi a Rosstat, kuyambira pa Januware 1, 2019, kuchuluka kwa mbatata zamatumba a mabizinesi akuluakulu azolimo ndiokwera pang'ono kuposa tsiku lomaliza. Pafupifupi matani 1100 a zinthu akungosungidwa, omwe ndi 115% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyo mu 2018. Zotsalira zazikuluzikulu ndizodziwika bwino mu madera otsogola: Bryansk (matani chikwi 112, zomwe ndizowonjezereka katatu kuposa chaka chatha patsiku lomweli), Tyumen (matani chikwi 112, omwe ndi okwanira 1,5 nthawi poyerekeza chaka chatha), zigawo za Lipetsk (98 miliyoni). Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa malo osungirako mbatata kudalembedwa m'dera la Kemerovo (matani 65 miliyoni, omwe ali okwanira kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa deta ya chaka chatha). Kudera la Moscow, mbatata yam'madzi nayonso ndiyokwera kwambiri, ngati mungayang'ane ziwerengero (matani 96), koma izi ndi 16% kutsika poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.
Mndandanda wamtengo
M'mwezi wa Januware, ku Dera la Moscow, mtengo wamba wa mbatata za chakudya unali wa ma ruble 12 kg; kumadera ena (Bryansk, Samara, Tyumen), mbatata zinagulitsidwa pa ruble 10 / kg. M'madera ambiri, tikuwunikanso zisonyezo zochepa, choyamba, tikulankhula za madera omwe akolola bwino ndipo mbatata zazikulu zimasungidwa, zomwe "zimaphwanya" msika.
Ngati tiwunika chithunzichi chonse, titha kuzindikira kuti mbatata za tebulo ku Russia zonse zimakhalabe zamtengo wapatali (mitengo ndi 15-30% kutsika kuposa chaka chatha, kutengera dera). Kusinthasintha kakang'ono kwajambulidwa m'magawo, koma zomwe sizinatisangalatsebe.
Kuneneratu zam'tsogolo kumakhala kovuta nthawi zonse, koma titha kungoganiza motsimikiza kuti chaka chino mtengo wamsika wathu sudzadalira kugula kwam mbatata zoyambirira: tikuyembekeza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaku Egypt (ndipo chaka chatha chonse Kugulitsa mbatata ku Egypt kudali matani 755, ndipo zochuluka zake zidavomerezedwa ndi Russia) apita ku maiko aku Europe omwe akhudzidwa mu 2018 ndi chilala.
Lero tikuwona kuti ku Poland ndi Czech Republic, mbatata zakatebulo zakwera mtengo kawiri kapena katatu, ndipo mankhwala akusowa. Ngakhale, maunyolo ogulitsa ku Russia sali okonzeka kusiya kwathunthu mbatata zakunja. Pali zambiri zantchito yoti kugula kwa mbatata zoyambilira ndi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zikuchitika kale, ndipo mitengo yolowera pakadali pano ndi yokwera kwambiri: $ 400-480 pa tani. Kumbukirani kuti chaka chatha, kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, mbatata zakunja zidagulidwa pafupifupi 60 senti pa kg, koma pambuyo pake, poganizira zakusintha kwa msika, mtengo udatsika mpaka masenti 30-35. Ndizotheka kuti kuwonekera kotereku kumalumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa mbatata pamsika wanyumba ku Egypt: opanga alimi akumidzi akudziwa bwino kuti kufunikira kwa zinthu zawo chaka chino ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo akuyesetsa kuti apindule kwambiri panthawiyi. Tisamaganize za nyengo: atolankhani adanenanso kuti mvula idagwa mu Januware ku Egypt ndipo kuziziliraku, komwe kumatha kukhudza zokolola.
Kodi wogulitsa waku Russia wakonzeka kugula zowonjezera? Ambiri mwa anthuwa akhoza kukhala inde, koma ambiri pazachuma chomwechi azapanga zisankho zokomera demokalase. Poganizira izi, maunyolo ogulitsa amatha kuyika mbatata zaku Egypt pamashelefu osakwanira - zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano ndi kabichi yaku Russia, mitengo yathunthu yomwe yakwera kawiri mpaka katatu mwezi watha, koma m'masitolo kukwera kwa mitengo sikuwonekeratu. Koma kusiyana kwa mtengo mulimonse kungakhale kwakukulu.
Komabe, kusiyanitsa ndi chinthu chodula chomwe chimagulitsa kunja, mitengo yakunyumba ikhoza "kupeza".
Sikovuta kudziwa zinthu zina zomwe zitha kusintha zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolo. Mwachitsanzo, olosera zam'mlengalenga amalonjeza chisanu champhamvu kwambiri ku Western Siberia (komwe, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa mbatata kulembedwa zotsalira). Kutsika kwakatentha kumathandizira kuti ndalama zisungidwe komanso kuyenda bwino kwa mbatata. Pali kuthekera kwakuti m'mabanja ena gawo lina la chinthucho likhala ndi chisanu ndipo nthawi zambiri limachoka pamsika. Koma ichi ndichimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa. Momwe zonse zidzachitikire mu zenizeni, tikhoza kungolingalira.
Kugulitsa mbatata
Malinga ndi FCS, kuchuluka kwa mbatata zomwe zatulutsidwa mu 2018 (pakadali pano tili ndi data lokha mpaka Disembala 2018) kutsika ndi 28% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha ndipo mpaka $ 13,9 miliyoni ndi matani 132 onse. Kwenikweni, kuchepa kudachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa zinthu zaku Azerbaijan. Kumbukirani kuti nyengo yathayo, Russia idachepetsa kwambiri kugula kwa mbatata yoyambirira ya Chiazarishi (nicheyi idatsekedwa ndi chinthu chaku Egypt), chifukwa chake, opanga aku Azariya adataya ndipo adakana kugula gome lomaliza la Russia ndi mbatata za mbewu. Zotheka kuti ena mwa iwo adakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zina mwa zokolola zawo.
Kuyenda kwa mbatata ya ware kupita ku Ukraine (DNI ndi LPR) kunali kocheperako, ngakhale kuli kotheka, atalandira chidziwitso cha Disembala 2018, kusiyana kwa zizindikiro za 2017 ndi 2018 kudzakhala kocheperako.
Koma ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti njira zatsopano zotumizira zatsegulidwa: mbatata zambiri za tebulo kuchokera ku Russia zidagulitsidwa ku Serbia ndi Iraq uku.
Chaka chatha, mbatata zambiri za mbatata zopangidwa ndi Russia zidaperekedwa ku Uzbekistan. Zidzakhala zovuta kulosera ngati zitheke kupitiliza njira yolimitsira mbewu za m'banja chaka chatsopano. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mu 2018 mbewu yayikulu ya mbatata idapezedwa ku Kyrgyzstan, alimi akumaloko ali pamavuto ndipo akuyesetsa kugulitsa malonda kwa anansi awo apafupi. Nkhani yoperekera zakathetsedwa ku boma, ndipo zotsatira za zokambirana sizikudziwika kwa ife.
Komanso ndizovuta pakadali pano kunena za chiyembekezo cha zinthu zomwe mbatata zaku Russia zizipereka ku Tajikistan. Pali anthu omwe akufuna kugula malonda athu mdziko muno, koma makampaniwa amakonda kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi mapangano olipira osakwaniritsidwa, ndipo pakadali pano sitinathe kupeza boma kuti litithandizire chifukwa cha zitsimikiziro zachuma kwa opanga zapakhomo.
Kugwira nawo ntchito zachitukuko cha malonda a mbatata. Makamaka, Belaya Dacha yakhazikitsa zopereka zake (ma fries aku France) ku Israel, Saudi Arabia, Morocco ndipo silingakakamira kumeneko.
Mbatata yambewu
Malinga ndi chidziwitso kumapeto kwa Januware 2019, macheke a mbewu zakunja omwe adatumizidwa ku Russia sanamalizebe. Oyendera Rosselkhoznadzor akupitiliza kuunika kwa mbeu za ku Germany, Dutch ndi Kifinland. MuFebruary, zitsanzo zosintha mbatata za mbewu ku France ziyamba (koyamba ntchito kuti iperekedwe ku Russia - matani 1000). Zikuoneka kuti zotsatira zake zidziwika pofika pakati pa february. Koma lero titha kunena kuti mwina mu 2019 Russia ithetsa mitengo yogula mbewu za mbatata zakunja (chaka chatha tinaitanitsa mbatata zopitilira 12 za Western Europe). Chifukwa chachikulu: chilala, chomwe chidayambitsa kuchepa kwa zokolola pakati pa opanga othandizira. Pali mbewu yotsika pamsika, ma oda ake amachokera padziko lonse lapansi, mitengo ikukwera. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti mpaka pano, zopereka za mbewu zopangidwa ku Europe zomwe zikupezeka m'malo a dziko lathu kudzera mwa nthumwi za Russia zakhala zikupanganitsidwa ndi 80-90%, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu izi pamsika wathu.
Zachidziwikire, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mbatata za tirigu ku Europe sikungachititse kuti pakuchepetse zinthu zambiri; pali zinthu zokwanira kuchokera kwa olima mbewu zapakhomo pamsika lero.
Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa February, msonkhano wapachaka wa FSBI "State Commission" udzachitika, woganizira ntchito zofunafuna zakuphatikiza zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana mu boma. Ngakhale tiribe zidziwitso zamitundu ingati zomwe zingaberekedwe, koma tikukhulupirira kuti oweta adzatisangalatsa ndikuwonjeza zinthu zatsopano, kuphatikizapo, mwina, mitundu yomwe idapangidwa monga gawo la Federal Science Science and technical Program for the Development of Agriculture for 2017- Zaka 2025.
Kubwezeretsanso
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakampaniwo chaka chatsopano ndi kukhazikitsa chomera cha KRiMM mbatata m'boma la Tyumen. Kampaniyo imakonza pafupifupi matani 30 a mbatata pachaka. Kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu - mbatata za peyala mumalongedzo am'madzi (mankhwala omalizidwa) ndi mbatata zophika (zokonzeka kudya) - zakonzedwa kuti ziyambe nthawi yozizira.
Pamapeto omaliza akukonzekera ndi mbewu yopanga ma fries achi french kumapiri. Kukula kwa bizinesiyo kudzakhala matani masauzande 50 a zinthu zopanda pake pachaka.
Ndipo, ndizachidziwikire, mgwirizano wophatikizana wa Belaya Dacha ndi Lamb Weston, womwe ukukonzekera kufikira kwathunthu (kukonza matani 200 a mbatata pachaka), ikupitilira chaka chino.
Nyengo yatsopano
M'chaka chatsopano, zikuwoneka kuti mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amachoka pamsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala zovuta "zaka zambiri" (zaka zinayi zotsatizana) za zero, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda phindu, zopindulitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, mabizinesi akuluakulu apitiliza kukulitsa mbatata, makamaka popeza njira zotsegulira zatsopano zimatsegulidwira iwo (kukonza mbewu kumadera a Lipetsk ndi Moscow). Poganizira izi, ndizosadabwitsa kuti ziwonetsero zazikulu zatsopano zimapezeka pamsika wa mbatata - monga, mwachitsanzo, Yakhroma Agricultural Holding, yomwe idaphatikiza madera a Mosagrofood-D LLC ndi Zelenaya Dolina LLC.
Poganizira izi, Bungwe la Mbatata silinena za kuchepa kwakukulu pantchito yolimitsa mbatata. Komanso tikuwona kuti sichinafike pamenepa kuyankhula za chitsitsimutso choopsa cha makampaniwo komanso ziyembekezo zakutsogolo zopambana.