Alexey Egorov, Mutu wa Zoteteza Zomera, Kampani ya Agrotrade
Ndikufuna ndiyambe nkhaniyo mchigawo cham'chilimwe cha mtolankhani ndithokoza onse opanga zaulimi pa Tsiku la Ogwira Ntchito Zachilichonse komanso kuti amalize bwino ntchito yam'munda. Nyengo ya 2018 idakhala yachilendo, ili ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso zovuta zake. Tilankhula za iwo, komanso njira zothetsera mavuto pazinthuzi.
SPRING: CHEPETSANI NTHAKA NDI MBEWU
Monga mukukumbukira, masika a 2018 adakhala owuma komanso ozizira, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuchedwa kumera, kukula pang'ono ndikukula kwa mbatata. Kuphatikiza apo, pakuwunika kubzala kwa anzathu, kulikonse tinalemba za kugonjetsedwa kwa Rhizoctonia solani - ku North-Western gawo la Russia, komanso ku Central, ndi ku South, ndi kupitirira Urals. Timatsindika kuti kufalikira kwa matendawa kudachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mbewu, nyengo, kusowa kwa kasinthasintha wa mbewu ndi ntchito yolinganizidwa ndi zotsalira za mbewu zam'mbuyomu.
Monga mukudziwa, pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira za mbewu: uku ndiye kupezeka kwa chinyezi, tizilombo, nayitrogeni waulere. Mwaukadaulo, vutoli limathetsedwa pochotsa m'munda wokolola ndi thanki osakaniza mitundu ya nayitrogeni wamadzi ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakhala ndi trichodermine (Trichoderma harzianum). Mlingo wa mankhwalawo umadalira mawonekedwe omwe asankhidwa kapena opanga ena. Ntchitoyi imatha kuchitidwa osati kugwa kokha, komanso nthawi yachilimwe mukamagwira ntchito ndi nthunzi yoyera kapena musanabzala mbewu za manyowa zobiriwira m'nthaka.
Momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda a mbewu ndi nthaka? Njira yothetsera mavutowa kulibe, si mafamu onse omwe ali ndi mwayi wokonza kasinthidwe ka mbewu m'munda wa 4-5, kugula mbewu zodzikulitsa zokha. Koma titha kuvomereza kuti alimi aphatikizire awiriawiri (pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu zophatikizika kapena zopangidwamo) muulimi, ndikupanga dongosolo loteteza chomera lomwe limaphatikiza kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ndi kwachilengedwe. Ndipo, zoona, samalani kwambiri ndi mtundu wa mbewu zogulidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu mochizira mbeu ndi pansi pa mzere mutabzala kumakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi matenda a mbewu ndi dothi, ndipo zovuta za njira za agrotechnical zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zimachepetsa katundu wopatsirana pachomera.
CHILimwe: LIMBANI NDI MATENDA NDI TIMAZI
Zomera za mbatata ndi kututa chaka chino zidachitika pafupifupi m'dziko lonselo nyengo yadzuwa ndi yotentha ndi mvula yamwadzidzidzi, zomwe sizinatilepheretse kukula kwa vuto loyipa ndi alternariosis: kuwonekera kwawo m'minda sikunali kofunikira monga nyengo ya 2017, koma zotsatira zawo zoyipa matendawa anali nawo. Mabanja omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "zizindikiritso" za matendawa, osati pamakonzedwe omwe adapangidwa kale. Kuchedwa kukonza pakadutsa masiku 1-2 kumabweretsa kuwonongeka mu kuchuluka komanso kuchuluka kwa mbewu. Zotsatira zomwezo zimachitika chifukwa chothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa osaneneka, zolakwa posankha zinthu komanso kudziwa malo awo machitidwe otetezera mbewu. Mafamu ambiri, mwachitsanzo, "adapulumutsidwa" pamapeto omaliza a zodzala mutatsala pang'ono kukolola.
Pakadali pano, chithandizo chomaliza chokhala ndi kukonzekera kwa fluazinam, kuphatikiza desiccation kapena kuchitidwa pambuyo pochotsa nsonga, chimagwira gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakupeza chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri, kulola kuti muchepetse kuyambiranso kwa matenda a tubers omwe ali ndi matenda a fungal panthaka nthawi yokolola komanso nthawi yosungira.
Pokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa msika kwa mbatata, umodzi wotsogolera ndikulimbana ndi tizirombo toyambitsa nthaka, makamaka, mphutsi za kachilomboka. Vutoli silitha kuthetsa, makamaka m'mafamu omwe amalima mbatata malinga ndi omwe adalipo kale, pomwe umisiri wocheperako umagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mbewu.
Vuto la wireworm (ndi tizirombo tina ta tizilombo) limakulirakulira chifukwa cha kuyesera kwaopanga zaulimi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamagawo ochepa. Zotsatira za "njira yopangira" zotere ndizosavuta kuneneratu - kutsika kotsika kwa mbatata. Ngakhale zotsatirapo zake zitha kukhala zowopsa: kuchuluka kwake kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mosiyana, ndikufuna kukhala pamutu wa nematode: nthawi zambiri timakumana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Njira imodzi yokhayo yothetsera mavutowa ndikuika malo omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa: kupatula malo ozungulira mbewuzo kwa zaka zingapo. Njira ina yogwiritsira ntchito nematicides, makamaka mankhwala a Nematofagin, opangidwa ndi Scientific Center for Virology and Biotechnology "Vector". Kukonzekera kumachokera ku spores wa bowa nematophagous. Malinga ndi omwe akutukula, Nematofagin imagwirizana ndi mankhwala ochizira mbewu - Albit ndi Trichodermin. Kukula ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, ndikutsimikizira kuti ndizogwirizana ndi mankhwala a tizilombo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira m'nthaka mukamabzala mbatata.
NDIPO MUYENERA KUDZAULIRA
Munkhani zam'mbuyomu, zidanenedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti chinsinsi chopambana cha wobzala mbatata chimakhazikitsidwa makamaka pakutsatira ukadaulo wamakono komanso kutsatira zolondola pamakina oteteza chomera.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti dongosolo lotere silinapangidwe kwa zaka mazana ambiri, liyenera kusinthidwa pachaka kuti lizilingalira zochitika zatsopano: kusintha kwamatenda, kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri pamsika, pofuna kupewa kukana chinthu china chake chogwira ntchito, pakusintha makulidwe a bizinesi. Ngati chuma chikusintha ndikupanga mbatata zoyenera kusambitsidwa, kufunika kwazofunikira kumachulukira kwambiri. Mwachiwonekere, makina azinthu mu makina osinthira ayenera kusintha.
Tikufuna kuti mupeze mayankho oganiza komanso opindulitsa. Ndipo kukolola kwakukulu nyengo yamawa!