Ndi mitundu iti ya ndiwo zamasamba yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa alimi
Zolemba: Veronica Perova
Kukonza ndiwo zamasamba makamaka cholinga ndikusunga ndi kukonza malonda, komanso kupititsa patsogolo mashelufu. Akatswiri akutsimikizira kuti lero chidwi pakuwongolera chikuchulukirachulukira, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndikukula kwakatundu kwa ntchito zandalama mumsika uwu. Izi sizosadabwitsa - kukonza kwathu mozama kumatha kukulitsa phindu pakukula kwa masamba ndikuchepetsa zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha nyengo yopanga.
Malinga ndi a Semyon Ganich, Director General wa Chakudya Chouma (mayankho okhudzana ndi kukonza zinthu zaulimi), kukonza masamba osatsegulidwa nthawi zonse kumawonjezeranso phindu muntchito. “Pafupifupi aliyense pamsika
chaka, pamakhala kupezeka kwamasamba ambiri, omwe amagulitsidwa pamtengo wotsika kwambiri munyengo, zomwe zimachepetsa phindu pakupanga zaulimi. Poterepa, kukonza koyambirira ndi kwachiwiri kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza phindu lina, ”akufotokoza katswiriyu.
Investment ndi malire
"Mabizinesi onse akuluakulu amayesetsa kukonza zokolola zaulimi, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asapikisane ndi alimi, omwe, monga lamulo, akusowa mwayi wokwanira wogulitsa, amapereka masamba" onyansa "kumakampani ogulitsa," akutero Alexander Abramchuk, CEO wa kampani AgroNero (malo azaulimi m'chigawo cha Yaroslavl, wocheperapo ndi Belaya Dachi Trading). Popeza mankhwala omwe amapangidwayo amaperekedwa makamaka m'malo ogulitsa, chuma chake chimakhala chochuluka
pamwambapa, akufotokoza.
Kuphatikiza apo, monga a Semyon Ganich anenera, zida zogulitsa sizofunikira nthawi zonse kuti zikonzedwe. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera.
"Pambuyo pokonza, zinthuzo zidagawika m'magulu atatu: gulu loyamba (chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri), gulu lachiwiri (losakhala muyezo), gulu lachitatu (zinyalala)," akutero Alexander Abramchuk mwatsatanetsatane. "Nthawi yomweyo, zopangira zopanda malire, zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri, zimayeneranso kukonzedwa, zomwe zimawonjezeranso chuma chakapangidwe".
Komabe, ndikuwonekera kwawo kokongola, sikuti onse opanga ulimi amasankha kuchita izi. Chifukwa chake, AgroNero ilibe pokonza, kampaniyo imakonzekera zinthu "moipa" zogulitsa. Omwe amagula kwambiri ndi "DB Trading" ndi ogulitsa. “Kufunsaku sikukhazikika chifukwa cha opikisana ambiri. Komabe, sitikufuna kukhazikitsa kuyenga, chifukwa kumafunikira ndalama zambiri, ”akuvomereza Alexander Abramchuk. Mwambiri, amawona kupweteketsa, kuthira mchere, kuphika, kukonza mbatata yosenda ndikupindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa izi sizifunikira zida zozizira kwambiri komanso firiji kuti zisungidwe.
Alimi nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuwachita, akutsimikizira Semyon Ganich. Ndikosavuta kuti iwo akule ndikugulitsa. Malinga ndi katswiri wazakudya zouma, omwe amagulitsa ndalama kumadera ena nthawi zambiri amalowa mu bizinesi iyi: osunga ndalama, mainjiniya, ochita capitalism, omwe amamvetsetsa zabwino zamderali.
Kutengera kuyerekezera, kuyerekezera gawo ili, malinga ndi Semyon Ganich, kuyambira 40 mpaka 100%. "Pakadali pano, nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kwa katswiri wazachikhalidwe kuti afotokoze chifukwa chake kuli kofunikira kugula zida zamakono, komanso osapanga msonkhano wotsika womwe sungapereke phindu lochuluka," akutero.
Ngakhale kuti posachedwapa ntchito zatsopano zokonza ndiwo zamasamba zayamba kuoneka, kukhazikitsa kwake kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi Ekaterina Babaeva, CEO wa Interagro (wopanga ndi wophatikiza mapulojekiti ovuta a bizinesi yaulimi), ntchito zowongolera zimafunikira zokolola zambiri komanso ndalama zambiri pogula zida. Kuphatikiza apo, miyezo yapadera yaukhondo ndi ukadaulo imayikidwa pamisonkhano yopanga, yomwe imakulitsa mtengo wa projekiti yonse.
Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito yolipira ndi pafupifupi zaka 7-10, pomwe amalonda ali ndi chidwi chopeza phindu mwachangu, akupitilizabe Ekaterina Babaeva. Pokonzekera ntchitoyi, munthu ayenera kuganizira mozama za malonda, akukumbukira. "Ndikotheka kukwaniritsa nthawi yobweza ndikupanga phindu pokhapokha ngati chinthu chomalizidwa chagulitsidwa pamitengo yomwe yakhazikitsidwa mgululi," katswiriyo akutsimikiza.
Amanenanso kuti kupeza chinthu chomalizidwa bwino, kumafunanso zida zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera nthawi yobweza ndikuchepetsa malire apachaka.
Semyon Ganich akulangiza za kuyambitsa bizinesi pogula zida. Ali ndi chidaliro kuti anthu omwe amangofuna kugula zida zomwe, mwa malingaliro awo, "azisindikiza ndalama", mwina, sangapeze zotsatira zomwe angafune.
"Muyenera kuyamba ndi kuphunzira za msika wogulitsa ndikupanga projekiti yabwino kwambiri," katswiriyu amakhulupirira. - Ndipo pokha pokha ngati chithunzi chodziwikiratu cha wogula zinthu zomalizidwa chikuyandikira ndipo polojekiti ikakhala yokonzeka momwe kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa malingaliro amachitidwe ake onse - kuyambira pazosankha zaukadaulo mpaka dongosolo lamalonda lotsogola - kungayambitsidwe, kukhazikitsa, kuphatikiza kugula zida, ndi wokonzeka.
Kuzizira koopsa
Njira imodzi yothandiza kwambiri komanso yofala kwambiri yopangira zinthu ndi kuzizira koopsa. Alexander Melnik, wogula ndi kupanga director wa Ortika Frozen Foods, TM Hortex, m'modzi mwa opanga odziwika bwino aku Russia azamasamba achisanu, zipatso ndi zipatso osagwiritsa ntchito GMOs ndi zotetezera, adalankhula mwatsatanetsatane zaukadaulo uwu.
"Kuzizira koopsa ndikumazizira mwachangu kwa mankhwala mukamakumana ndi mafunde ampweya wamphamvu, omwe, akamaziziritsa zopangira kutentha kwa -32 ... 40 ° C, amapanga mawonekedwe osanjikiza pamwamba pake," katswiriyu akufotokoza. - Mosiyana ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe, ndikuzizira koopsa
timibulu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tomwe timapangidwa, zomwe sizimasokoneza mawonekedwe amtundu wa malonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisunge kukoma kwake koyambirira komanso maubwino ake. "
Pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi Alexander Melnik, pali opanga atatu akuluakulu opanga ma tunnel ozizira kwambiri - Unidex (Poland), Frigoscandia (Sweden) ndi Octofrost (Sweden). Kuphatikiza apo, opanga aku Germany ndi aku China omwe amawunditsa ngalande apambana malo abwino pamsika wamafiriji. Katswiriyu akutsindika kuti ma tunnel ozizira, omwe amapangidwa ndi makampani otsogola, amalola kuti zisungidwe bwino komanso kukoma kwa malonda, komanso kuwonetsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino
zokolola - kuchokera 1 mpaka 12 t / h.
"Masamba omwe ali mufiriji amayenda mopingasa kudutsa pakatikati (ngalande yozizira), ndipo mpweya wozizira umazungulira chakudyacho mumng'oma wonsewo," akufotokoza mneneri wa Hortex.
Ndikofunikira kuti pagawo la masamba osinthidwa, mulingo wa kusinthasintha kwamitengo, malinga ndi iye, ndiwokwera kwambiri ndikufikira 20%. "Koma ngati bizinesi sikuti imangokhala yozizira kwambiri, komanso ili ndi malo osungira otentha osungira zinthu, phindu la bizinesi lingathe
ikukula kwambiri, ”akutero katswiriyo.
Akuwonjezera kuti unyolo wopanga umakhala ndi magawo atatu, iliyonse yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la bizinesi ina. Chifukwa chake, famu imagwira ntchito yolima masamba. Mitundu ndi hybrids amasankhidwa kutengera nyengo ndi zosowa
kampani yodziwika bwino pakukonzekera kwotsatira (kwa ife, kuzizira) kwa zinthu. Ndipo nthawi zambiri kampani yachitatu imagwira ntchito yolongedza ndi kugulitsa kwa ogula.
Malinga ndi Alexander Melnik, chomera chomwe chimapanga matani 5 zikwi zamasamba achisanu pachaka chimafuna ndalama za € 4-5 miliyoni.
Zikuluzikulu za salting ndi pickling
Pomwe nyumba zikuluzikulu zikuyambitsa ntchito yoziziritsa masamba pamalo otseguka, alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi mabanja wamba (minda) amakonda njira zamankhwala zosinthira masamba, monga pickling ndi pickling.
Zina mwa izo ndi kampani "Zasolych", yopanga zinthu zonona, zonona ndi masaladi aku Korea, omwe ali mdera la Kirov. Malinga ndi wamkulu wa kampaniyo Nikolai Shikhov, amakonza pafupifupi matani 300 a kabichi, matani 200 a nkhaka ndi matani 150 a kaloti chaka chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, zazing'ono
Kupanga tomato wofiira ndi wobiriwira, bowa wonyezimira komanso waku Korea, komanso gulu lakum'mawa (adyo, adyo wamtchire, ndi zina zambiri) zakhazikitsidwa. Zogulitsa zimaperekedwa kwa ogulitsa m'misika, masitolo am'deralo, unyolo wogulitsa wamba ndi maboma, omwe amaimiridwa mdera la Kirov.
Zasolych ndiwopanga banja wokhala ndi maphikidwe omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Masiku ano, ogula amapatsidwa zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana mumabrosines ndi ma marinades osiyanasiyana. Poterepa, zowonjezera zokha zokha, zonunkhira ndi zitsamba ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kabichi imafufumitsidwa molingana ndi ukadaulo wakale wamtundu wa lactic acid, popanda zoteteza.
Malinga ndi a Nikolai Shikhov, maphikidwe achikhalidwe amasungidwa, pomwe njira zopangira zikuwongoleredwa mothandizidwa ndi umisiri wamakono ndi zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithandizire kukulitsa kuchuluka ndi kuthamanga kwa kukonza. Kotero, migolo yamatabwa, yopangidwa ndi manja, momwe kale
iwo amathira mchere komanso amapereka nkhaka m'masitolo, m'malo mwa ena apulasitiki omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mbiya imodzi imakhala ndi makilogalamu 30-200.
"Pogulitsa masiku ano, timagulu tating'ono ta pulasitiki timagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso maphukusi amtundu uliwonse," amagawana nawo mutu wa kampaniyo. "M'malo mosunga nkhaka pansi pa ayezi m'miphika zamatabwa (m'madzi am'madzi, mwachitsanzo, mtsinje), ayikidwapo mufiriji."
Ananenanso kuti ngati kale kabichi idakonzedwa ndi manja, tsopano njirayi ndi yamagetsi, ndipo zokolola za shredzi zimafika makilogalamu zikwi zingapo pa ola limodzi. "Bungweli lakhazikitsa zida zapakhomo ndi zoitanitsa zakunja, kudula, kuyeretsa, kutsuka, mayendedwe, kulongedza, kuthira mankhwala," akutero a Nikolai Shikhov. "Posachedwa tachotsa odula masamba aku Germany ndi Chinese Robot Coupe, omwe ndi otsika mtengo katatu kuposa anzawo aku Europe ndipo nthawi yomweyo sakhala otsika kwa iwo mwabwino." Mwambiri, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa kampaniyo "Zasolych", ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zida zimakhala ma ruble pafupifupi 3-4 miliyoni.
Nikolay Shikhov adalongosola kuti popeza bizinesiyo ili m'dera laulimi wowopsa wokhala ndi nyengo zosafunikira pakukula kwa zamasamba, adaganiza zaka zisanu zapitazo kusiya kusiya kulima kwawo kwamasamba. Lero, zopangira zonse zimagulidwa kwa alimi am'deralo, omwe mgwirizano wawo wanthawi yayitali wakhazikitsidwa. Minda yambiri imalima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba osakanikirana ndi zosowa za kampaniyo.
"Chifukwa chake, potola timagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya nkhaka zaku Dutch zomwe zili zoyenerera kukula ndipo zili ndi mitundu ina ya makomedwe," anatero Nikolai Shikhov.
Ntchito ina yabanja - mlimi wamba (famu) "Enezh", yomwe ili ku Chuvash Republic, yasankha njira ina. Kuyambira mu 1999 ndikulima masamba (kabichi, nkhaka, tomato, ndi zina zambiri), kale mu 2008 alimi adaganiza zopanga zokolola. Ndipo lero famu "Enezh" imagwira ntchito yopanga ma pickles osiyanasiyana, pickles ndi saladi.
“Zinthu zonse zothira mchere komanso kuzifutsa zimapangidwa kuchokera ku ndiwo zamasamba zolimidwa m'minda mwathu, zomwe zili ndi mahekitala opitilira 700. Zopangira zake zimatipangitsa kuwongolera zinthu mosiyanasiyana, "atero a Ivan Semyonov, wamkulu wa famu ya Enezh.
Kubzala nkhaka kumachitika kudera la mahekitala 16 koyambirira kwa Juni. Nthawi yomweyo, famuyo imayendetsedwa ndi ukadaulo waku Germany komanso ukadaulo wolima. "Tidagwiritsa ntchito nkhaka ina ya kampani ina, kenako tidasamukira ku Leaf F1 kuchokera kwa wopanga wachi Dutch Rijk Zwaan, zomwe zili bwino
adatsimikizira momwe zinthu ziliri nyengo yathu - Ivan Semyonov akugawana zomwe akumana nazo. - Chowonadi ndi chakuti nkhaka Leaf F1 ndi ya hybrids yomwe imasinthidwa kuti ikule panja komanso pansi pogona. Adafotokoza kuti pafamu "Enezh" nkhaka zimaphimbidwa ndi chinthu "chopumira" chomwe chimalola chinyezi kudutsa bwino, chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wokolola sabata limodzi m'mbuyomu.
"Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe tasankha umasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ochepa komanso kukula kwake, komwe kumathandizira kusonkhanitsa, komanso kulimbana ndi matenda," akutero Semyonov. "Zokolola zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya pickling ndi pickling nkhaka (njira yabwino kwambiri ndi masentimita 8-12, mitundu, ndi zina)".
M'munda wa "Enezh" kabichi yoyera imabzalidwa ngati haibridi woyambirira komanso waposachedwa kwambiri, kugulitsa zinthu kumachitika kuyambira pakati pa Juni mpaka Epulo chaka chamawa. Mtundu wosakanizidwa kwambiri wa kabichi yoyera, malinga ndi Ivan Semyonov, ndi Muksuma F1.
Sizingotenga tsiku limodzi kuchokera pakukolola mpaka mchere, womwe umathandizanso kuti musunge mawonekedwe onse azinthu zatsopano. Zosonkhanitsazo zimatsatiridwa ndi gawo loyeretsa ndi kutsuka, kenako masamba amathiriridwa mchere m'migolo malinga ndi njira yakale yaku Russia yogwiritsa ntchito zitsamba zosiyanasiyana, masamba, ndi mchere. Chitetezo cha sauerkraut chimatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zamtundu wa nayonso mphamvu, mchere ndi horseradish.
"Mu 2018, tidathira mchere matani 800 a nkhaka komanso kabichi wofanana," watero wamkulu wa famu ya Enezh. Monga lamulo, famuyo imakolola nkhaka matani 70 pa hekitala. Komabe, mu 2019, chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta ya mbewu yotentha iyi, makamaka, kutentha pang'ono kwa Juni, zokololazo zinali 43 t / ha zokha.
“Nkhaka, monga mukudziwa, zimafuna kutentha. Kutentha pansipa + 10 ° С ndi tsoka kwa iwo, - akutero Semyonov. “Koma tikudziwa kuti kulima nkhaka mdera lathu kumakhala pachiwopsezo chapadera. Chifukwa chake, kumpoto kwa Saratov, pafupifupi palibe amene amawalima mu malonda ambiri panja. Akutsindika kuti pakupanga zaulimi, nyengo ndizofunikira kwambiri pazokolola ndikusinthasintha kwa mitengo yazogulitsa.
Nthawi yomweyo, mutu wa Zasolycha akuwonetsa kuti mpikisano mu gawo la zamasamba zamchere ndi wowawasa zawonjezeka kwambiri posachedwa, zomwe zimakhudzana ndikukula kwa osewera atsopano komanso chitukuko cha opanga omwe akhala akhalapo kale msika. "Izi zitha kufotokozedwa ndikukula kwa mabizinesi ku Russia, kupezeka kwa chidziwitso choyambira bizinesi komanso kupezeka kwa ndalama zaulere pamsika wamagulu azakudya. Otsatsa sachita manyazi ngakhale pang'ono chifukwa chodalira nyengo ndi zizindikilo za zokolola, zomwe zimasintha nyengo ndi nyengo, "a Nikolai Shikhov amakhulupirira.
Kuwerengedwa bwino
Kuyeserera kumawonetsa kuti mtundu uliwonse wamakonzedwe azamasamba otseguka ali ndi mawonekedwe ake omwe ayenera kukumbukiridwa mukamalowa munjira iyi. "Kusankha kwa njira yosangalatsa kwambiri kumadalira makamaka dera ndi malonda omwe akulimidwa," akugogomezera mtsogoleri wa Interagro, Ekaterina Babaeva.
Malinga ndi a Semyon Ganich, ukadaulo uliwonse waukadaulo ungakhale wokongola kwa alimi. Koma ntchitoyi iyenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo msika wazomwe zatsirizidwa ziyenera kusanthula. "Pakusiyanasiyana kwamabizinesi, ndizomveka kulingalira zopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu," - akulangiza.
Mwambiri, malinga ndi kunenedweratu kwa kampani ya Chakudya Chouma, msika waukadaulo upanga zinthu zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta komanso kuyambitsa luntha lochita kupanga, lomwe limatha kuwongolera njira zonse zaumisiri popanda kuthandizidwa ndi anthu. Koma pakadali pano izi ndi chiyembekezo chabe.