Pambuyo powunikiranso pulani ya Federal Law "On Seed Production" (yomwe pano idzatchedwa Draft Law), Union of Potato and Vegetable Market Participants (Mgwirizano wa Mbatata) akuti.
- Pa kukula kwa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a feduro ndi anthu omwe malamulo a federoli akukhudzanso iwo
1.1. Malinga ndi koyambirira kwa Draft Law, lamuloli limakhazikitsa maziko azomwe zimapangidwira, kusungitsa, kugulitsa, kuyendetsa, kutumiza ku Russia Federation ndi kutumiza kuchokera ku Russian Federation komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu (zinthu zodzala) mu Russian Federation komanso m'malo ena omwe boma la Russia limachita. ulamuliro malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, sizikudziwika kuti ndi "madera ena ati omwe Russian Federation ikulamulira ..." akukambirana. Lingaliro limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu malamulo apafupi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake m'malamulo ena aboma omwe samawululira lingaliro lino kumalimbikitsa olamulira kuti athe kufotokoza bwino mtsogolo, mwachitsanzo, Unduna wa Zachuma ku Russian Federation udachita izi mu kalata yomwe idalembedwa 02.08.2011 No. 03-07-15 / 72 pempho la Federal tax Service ya pa Marichi 20.03.2011, 4 No. KE-3-4883 / XNUMX.
Tikupangira kufotokozera Art. 1 "Mfundo zazikuluzomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Lamulo Lachilamuloli", lomwe limadziwika kuti "madera ena omwe boma la Russia limalamulira ...".
1.2. Gawo lachiyambi chachiwiri cha Dongosolo Lalamulo likuwonjezera mphamvu ya Dongosolo Lamulo ku mabungwe, osatengera mtundu wawo wabungwe ndi malamulo ndi mawonekedwe a umwini, komanso anthu, kuphatikiza amalonda omwe akuchita nawo kupanga mbewu ndi zina zomwe zafotokozedwa m'ndime yoyamba ya chiyambi. Article 21 ya Draft Law imakhazikitsanso kuti "omwe amapanga mbewu ndi anthu komanso mabungwe azovomerezeka, amalonda aliyense payekha ... omwe amapanga mbewu zogulitsa pambuyo pake ...". Zomwe zikugwirizana zikupezeka m'ndime zina za Draft Law.
Zikuwoneka kuti olemba Lamulo Loyeserera sanazindikire kuti cholinga cha kukhazikitsa ndikupanga phindu, ndipo ichi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakuchita bizinesi (Gawo 1, Article 2 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation). Nzika (anthu) zimatha kuchita nawo bizinesi kuyambira nthawi yolembetsa boma ngati wochita bizinesi payokha, kupatula milandu yomwe imaperekedwa ndi lamulo (Article 23 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation), makamaka, odzilemba okha (Federal Law "Pochita kuyesa kukhazikitsa misonkho yapadera" Misonkho pa ndalama zapadera "za 27.11.2018 N 422-FZ).
Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe alibe udindo wokhala bizinesi yodziyimira payekha komanso yemwe ali ndi ntchito yodzipanga okha kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mbewu ayenera kuchotsedwa pakulamulira kwa Draft Law.
Tikupangira m'mawu oyamba a Bwaloli kuti tiziwonetsa kuti lamuloli likugwira ntchito ku mabungwe azovomerezeka komanso anthu omwe akuchita nawo bizinesi pantchito yopanga, kusungira, kugulitsa, zoyendera ... za mbewu (zinthu zobzala), motero kupatula malire a lamulo lomwe limagwira ntchito yopanga mbewu pazokha.
1.3. Mgwirizano wa Potato umakana kupereka zilolezo zantchito yopanga, kusunga, kugulitsa, kunyamula ... mbewu (kubzala zinthu), poganizira kufunikira uku mopitilira muyeso, osalola kuthana ndi vuto la "kuwonjezeka kwachangu pantchito yosankha, komanso kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikupanga, kulima kwambiri , kusunga ndi kugulitsa mbewu ... "(ndime yachitatu, p. 14 ofotokoza mwatsatanetsatane lamulo la feduro" Pa mbewu ").
Izi zikutsatira kuwunika kwa Federal Law "Pa kupereka zilolezo kwa mitundu ina ya zochitika" za pa 04.05.2011 N 99-FZ, yomwe imawona chiphaso ngati chilolezo chochita zina, imakhazikitsa mndandanda wazofunikira zamalamulo ndipo imaletsa kupatsidwa chilolezo kwa mitundu ina ndi mitundu ya kupanga komwe kudakonzedwa, komanso zofunikira pakukula kwa ntchito, ntchito zoperekedwa.
Zofunikira pa zosiyasiyana ndi kufesa mbewu zimakhazikitsidwa munjira zosiyana (zopanda chilolezo).
Kupenda malamulowa kumatithandizanso kuona kuti kuchokera kumalo operekera chilolezo, monga lamulo, zochitika izi siziphatikizidwa kuti kayendetsedwe ka boma komwe kungachitike ndipo kuyenera kuchitidwa mokwanira ndi mabungwe olamulira aboma ndi oyang'anira chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito ndi njira zina, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ya boma, miyezo, chitsimikizo, kulengeza za kufanana, kuvomerezeka, ukhondo, zomanga ndi malamulo ena ndi zikhalidwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera ku Art. 20 ndi Art. 21 ya Draft Law kuti sikuti layisensi yokha yomwe imafunikira kuti akhale ndi ufulu wopanga mbewu, yomwe Art. 1 ya Bwaloli imawona ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha, komanso ntchito zosungira, zoyendera, kugulitsa ... mbewu (zinthu zobzala). Zikuwoneka kuti, omwe akupanga Bill adachokera kuti ndi omwe amalimitsa mbewu omwe amayenera kuchita zonse zokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu, pomwe sizinatengedwe kuti kusungidwa, kugulitsa, kuyendetsa mbewu (zinthu zobzala), ndi zina zambiri. Nthawi zambiri ndimachita nawo ena magalimoto wamba. Kodi ayeneranso kulandira layisensi yoyenera, kapena ndiudindo wokha kwa obereketsa mbewu? Ngati ndi choncho, bwanji?
Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsidwa kwa chilolezo cha ntchito yopanga, kusungira, kugulitsa, zoyendetsa ... za mbewu (zodzala) sizingaganizidwe ngati chinthu choyenera pokana kuwonekera kwa zinthu zosakhala bwino kapena zopangidwa zabodza m'magulu aboma, koma zitha kuchititsa kuti ndalama zomwe sizipangike chifukwa cha obereketsa mbewu (mwina otenga nawo mbali ena) chitukuko chachitukuko), ndikupanga zopinga zina zowonjezera kuchita izi.
1.4. Article 21 ya Draft Law imakhazikitsa kuti "zikalata zopezeka m'mabungwe azovomerezeka zomwe zimapanga mbeu ziziwunikira mutu ndi cholinga cha ntchito zawo."
Malinga ndi gawo 4 la Art. 52 ya Civil Code of the Russian Federation, mutu ndi zolinga za bungwe lalamulo ziyenera kulembedwa m'mabuku a boma osagwiritsa ntchito phindu, zolembedwa zamabungwe osagwirizana komanso pazovomerezeka zamalamulo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito m'mabungwe omwe, ngakhale akugulitsa, ali ndi udindo wapadera mwalamulo (mwachitsanzo, mabanki, makampani a inshuwaransi, ndi ena otero) omwe saloledwa kuchita nawo mitundu ina yamalonda kupatula omwe amafotokozedwa mu malamulo a feduro oyang'anira zochitika zawo . Chifukwa chake, zofuna za omwe adalandira izi ndizotetezedwa, kuthekera kozunzidwa m'malo akudziwika kumayesedwa, kuphatikiza mwayi wokhazikitsa ndalama kumadera ena ochitirapo kanthu, kupatula zomwe zafotokozedwazi.
Opanga mbewu ndi mabungwe amilandu azamalonda, amisiri amodzi payokha, monga lamulo, akuchita zochitika zina kuwonjezera pakupanga mbewu, kuphatikizapo kupanga mbewu zosiyanasiyana m'makampani a mafakitale, kukonza kwawo ndi zina zantchito zamalimi, etc. Chifukwa chake, sizikudziwika bwino kuti cholinga chake ndi chiyani kuti abweretse njira yoyenera, pomwe opanga Lamulo Lakusankhidwa sanalingalire za mtengo (kuphatikizapo omwe akukhudzidwa ndi misonkhano yayikulu) yomwe opanga mbewu amayenera kubala.
2. Pazakukakamiza chitsimikiziro
Lamulo lokhazikitsidwa limakhazikitsa chitsimikiziro chovomerezeka cha mbewu "zomwe zimatumizidwa ku gawo la Russian Federation, pakugulitsa kapena cholinga chogulitsidwa".
Pomwe ikuthandizira kukhazikitsa chizindikiritso chovomerezeka cha mbewu zambiri, Mgwirizano wa Mbatata umatsimikizira kuti Draft Law siliganiziranso zofunikira za Federal Law "On technical Regulation" ya Disembala 27.12.2002, 184 N 184-FZ (kuchokera pano - Law N XNUMX-FZ), omwe ndi.
Malinga ndi Art. 2 of Law No. 184-FZ, chitsimikizo ndi mtundu wa chitsimikizo cha bungwe loyimira chitsimikiziro chotsatira malo ndi zofunikira za malamulo aukadaulo, zikalata zodziimira kapena mawu amgwirizano.
Malinga ndi Gawo 1 la Art. 20 of Law N 184-ФЗ chitsimikiziro chofananira m'gawo la Russian Federation chitha kukhala chodzifunira kapena chovomerezedwa, chotsimikizidwa chovomerezera kutsata kumachitika pokhapokha pokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo laukadaulo woyenerera, komanso pokhapokha pakutsatira zofunikira za malamulo aukadaulo (ndime 1 ya 23 ya Law N. 184-FZ).
Chilolezo chovomerezeka chimachitika pazolinga zomwe zimayikidwa ndi Art. 6 mwa Lamulo N 184-FZ.
Malinga ndi ndime 3 ya Art. 46 ya Law No. 184-FZ malinga ndi Lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation lolembedwa pa 01.12.2009 No. 982, Mndandanda Wogwirizana Wazogulitsa malinga ndi kuvomerezedwa kovomerezeka ndi Mndandanda Wogwirizana Wazogulitsa, zomwe kutsimikizika kwake kumatsimikizika ngati chilengezo chofananira, kuvomerezedwa. " Mndandandandawu mulibe mbewu monga zinthu zogwirizana ndi kuvomerezeka.
Izi, mwatsoka, sizinaganiziridwe pakugwira Ntchito Lamulo Loyeserera, motsatira momwe Lamulo Loyeserera likutsutsana ndi Law No. 184-FZ.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, malamulo ena a Law N 184-FZ amayenera kukumbukiridwa.
Mwachitsanzo, gawo 3 la gawo 3 la Art. 4 la Draft Law limatanthawuza mphamvu za bungwe lalikulu la feduro lomwe limayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo za boma ndi malamulo pamunda wazopanga mbewu, kafukufuku wa labotale pankhani yopanga mbewu komanso kutsimikiza kwamitundu ndi kufesa mbewu kudzera m'mabungwe ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi yomweyo, olemba Lamulo Loyeserera sanazindikire kuti kuwunika kotsata ndi mutu wa Law No. 184-FZ, yomwe imakhazikitsa dongosolo lomwe malinga ndi zomwe zimaperekedwa ku mabungwe ovomerezeka ndi kuyesa malo opangira maumboni (kutsimikizira) - kuvomerezeka (v. 31). Komanso Art. 4 la Federal Law "Pa kuvomerezeka mdziko lovomerezeka" limakhazikitsa kuti munthu wovomerezeka ndiwovomerezeka kapena wovomerezeka, osatengera mtundu wa bungwe kapena zamalamulo, kapena wochita bizinesi yemwe walandila kuvomerezeka mwanjira yokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo ladziko.
Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a gawo 3 la Gawo 3 la Art. 4 Ndalamayi ikufunika kufotokozedwa.
Tikudziwitsanso kuti kuyambitsa chiphaso chovomerezeka kumafunikira nthawi yina. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi ndime 10 ya Art. 7 la Law No. 184-FZ, malamulo aukadaulo ovomerezedwa ndi lamulo la Boma la Russian Federation kapena malamulo oyendetsera bungwe la feduro azigwira ntchito pasanathe miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira tsiku lomwe adafalitsa. Izi sizimaganiziridwa mu Dongosolo Loyeserera pokhazikitsa nthawi yoti lamulolo ligwire ntchito.
Bungwe la Potato limakhulupirira kuti pakadali pano ndizotheka kuthana ndi vuto la kuletsa mbewu zotsika mtengo komanso zopanda umboni kuti zisalowe mumsika, vuto loteteza ufulu wa obereketsa omwe mbewu zawo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosaloledwa, chifukwa chake obetsa amalandidwa mwayi wolandila ndalama zoyenera, mwina mwanjira ina kuposa kubweretsa lamulo chitupa.
Potato Union ikufunsira, malinga ndi Federal Law la 01.12.2007 N 315-FZ "Pa Mabungwe Omwe Amadziyang'anira Okha" (kuyambira pano - Lamulo la SRO), kuti agwirizanitse omwe amapanga mbewu za mbewu zaulimi m'mabungwe odziyimira pawokha ndikukhazikitsa mu Federal Law "On Seed Growing" zomwe malinga ndi ufulu Mbeu za mbeu zidzakhala za mabungwe okhaokha omwe ndi mamembala a mabungwe odziyang'anira okhawo omwe amapanga mbewu (omwe amalima mbewu za SRO).
Makamaka, molingana ndi Gawo 2 la Article 1 ya Malamulo a SRO, Federal Law "On Seed Growing" liyenera kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimayang'anira zomwe zingapezeke, kuchotsedwa kwa udindo wa omwe amalima mbewu za SRO, zovomerezeka zamabungwe omwe amadzilamulira okha, zochita, njira zololedwa kukhala mamembala ndi kutha Kukhala membala wa ma SRO omwe amapanga mbewu, njira zoyendetsera ma SRO a omwe amapanga mbewu pazochita za mamembala awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zowalangizira mamembala awo, kuphatikiza kutsatira zomwe zikufunika pakutsimikizira mbewu ndi kuletsa kufalitsa mbewu zosatsimikizika, komanso njira yoyang'anira boma pakuyang'anira ma SRO a omwe amapanga mbewu mogwirizana ndi malamulo a Russian Federation oyang'anira zochitika zokhudzana ndi kupanga mbewu, komanso malamulo a Russian Federation pamabungwe omwe amadzilamulira okha.
Pankhaniyi, zopereka zambiri za Bill za zofunikira. zoperekedwa kwa opanga mbewu atha kukhala kuti SRO. Makamaka, izi zimagwira ntchito pazoperekedwa ndi Art. 19 "Zofunikira pakapangidwe ka mbewu zaulimi" pokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa chidziwitso chomwe wopanga mbewu akuyenera kusunga kwakanthawi. Kenako, RNO iliyonse, yomwe imasonkhanitsa chidziwitsochi, ichitumiza kwa Riziki ya omwe akupanga mbewu (zodzala)
Zikuwoneka kuti kukakamizidwa kukhala bungwe lodziyimira pawokha kumamasula msika wa omwe amapanga mbewu kuchokera kwa osachita zachinyengo, kupeza zambiri zodalirika za omwe amapanga mbewu zaulimi, kuchuluka kwawo, kuwongolera akatswiri pazomwe akuchita, kuwongolera kusunga mapangano a omwe amapanga mbewu, kuphatikiza kutsatira zomwe amapereka. Kukhazikitsidwa ndi mapanganowa, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri kutuluka kwa mbewu zosatsimikizika.
3. Zokhudza ma genetic passports
Malinga ndi Art. 1 mwa Bwaloli, pasipoti yachilengedwe imatanthauziridwa kuti "chikalata cholembedwa potsatira kusanthula kwa DNA ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yophatikiza chomera”.
Kutanthauzira kumeneku sikungawoneke kokwanira. Palibe chidziwitso cha mtundu ndi malo omwe chikalatacho chidafotokozedwera, chidziwitso chazomwe zimapangidwira, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuya kwa zomwe zaperekedwa. Palibe chidziwitso kuti ndi mitundu iti ya maselo idzagwiritsidwe ntchito "kuwunika kwa mitundu ya DNA ya mitundu".
Lamulo lokonzekera silinenanso momwe kuphatikiza / kusinthika kwa njira zomwe “kusanthula kwa mtundu wina wa DNA” kuchitira ku Russia ndi maiko ena.
Tikhulupirira kuti kufunika kopereka pasipoti ya chibadwa kungayambitse mikangano yamalonda pakati pa Russia ndi mayiko akunja, popeza mayeso a homogeneity, kusiyanasiyana, kukhazikika (DUS) amadziwika kuti ndi ovomerezeka kwa mamembala onse a UPOV.
Mwina mawu oti "genetic passport" atha kusintha m'malo mwa mawu oti "certification of DNA", omwe tikufuna kuti tiwone ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yodziwika yaukatswiri wazomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wa DNA wozindikiritsa ndi kutsimikizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu zaulimi zomwe zidalembetsedwa ku State Register of Selection Achievered for Use , ndi mbewu zambiri zamitengo mu Russian Federation.
Union ya Potato pakadali pano ikupereka lingaliro la kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi mapasipoti amtundu kuchokera pa Malamulo.
4. Pamphamvu zatsopano, ufulu ndi udindo wa aboma
Bungwe la Potato limakhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ndondomeko ya maulamuliro atsopano, maufulu ndi udindo wa olamulira aboma ndi njira yomwe akufuna kuti agwiritse ntchito nthawi zina ndizochulukirapo, ikufunika kuwunikira kowonjezereka. Makamaka:
4.1. Lamuloli limapatsa nthambi yayikulu mphamvu yakulamulira ndikuwunika momwe ntchito yopanga mbewu imakhalira, koma siyikutanthauza kuti ndi maudindo ati omwe akuyang'aniridwa komanso oyang'anira. Ntchito yanji (kuyang'anira kapena kuyang'anira), mwachitsanzo, ndikuwunika zoopsa panjira yopanga mbewu yokhudzana ndi kufalitsa mbewu, komwe kwatchulidwa m'ndime 4 ya Gawo 4 la Art. 4 Mabilo? Ndi zoopsa ziti zomwe tikukambirana? Nkhani zomwezi sizikupezeka mu Art. 40 ya Bill. Izi zikuwulula momveka bwino ndipo sizinapambane zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Federal Law "On Plant Quarantine".
4.2. Sizikudziwika kuti zikutanthauza chiyani pakaunikidwe pokonzekera kayendedwe ka boma (oyang'anira) pantchito yopanga mbewu, yomwe bungwe loyendetsa mabungwe liyenera kupanga mapulani azaka zapakati pazigawo (gawo 3 la Gawo 1 la Article 6 la Draft Law).
4.3. Momwe mungamvetsetse udindo wa bungwe loyang'anira mabungwe omwe akutumizidwa kuti mulembe zomwe zili pagulu lapaintaneti zokhudzana ndi kaundula wa madera, malo omwe akukula ku Russian Federation (akuganiza kuti Russian Federation ikhala kasitomala ngati nkhani yaboma?) Za mbewu (kubzala zinthu), Kupanga mbewu (mulibe lingaliro mu Draft Law) ndipo yomwe ili m'maiko akunja, magulu amayiko akunja (amatanthauzanji ndi "gulu la mayiko" kuti mugwiritse ntchito lamuloli)?
4.4. Tikukhulupirira kuti kuvomerezedwa kwa Rosselkhoznadzor kukonzekera kuwunika kwa mbewu (mitengo), nthangala za mbewu zaulimi kupezeka kwa majini osinthika mu mbewu zaulimi ndi mbewu za mbewu zaulimi ndizochulukirapo. Cholemba chofotokozedwa mu Draft Law chilibe deta chosonyeza kupezeka kwa zinthuzi ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuyesa kufunika kofotokozera ntchito zoyang'anira.
4.5. Sizikudziwika bwino momwe gawo lotsatira la Art 3. Malipiro 34:
Mukamaitanitsa mbewu kudera la Russian Federation, zikalata, mapasipoti obwera ndi zolembera pamitundu yokhazikitsidwa kunja zimadziwika, malinga ndi kuwunika koyambirira (kuyang'anira kuyang'anira) kwa malo oyesa mbeu kuti zitsimikizire luso, njira zofufuzira ndi zotsatira, ndikutsatiridwa ndikupatsanso ziphaso za Russian Federation.
Ngati ndikuwunika koyambirira kwa ma labotore omwe akutumiza kunja, zitha bwanji?
Ngati tikutanthauza kuti labotale yoyeserera ku Russia ndikuvomerezedwa malinga ndi malamulo a Russian Federation, ndiye kuti izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Ndipo kotero.
Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwunikiranso kuti nthawi zina zitha kuwoneka kuti Draft Law imapatsa bungwe loyendetsa boma, lomwe limayang'anira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yopanga mbewu, ufulu wopereka chithandizo kwa mabungwe azovomerezeka ndi anthu ena, zomwe ndizosemphana ndi malamulo a Russian Federation.
Makamaka, maziko omaliza oterewa amatsatira kuchokera pandime 3 ndi 4 ya Art. 28 Ndalama:
"Kutsimikiza kwa kukhalapo kwa majini osinthika mu mbewu zaulimi ndi mbewu za mbewu zaulimi kumachitika ndi bungwe lotsogolera, lomwe limayang'anira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yopanga mbewu, pothana ndi bajeti ya feduro mukamayendetsa njira zowongolera.
Kutsimikiza kwa kukhalapo kwa majini osinthika mu mbewu zaulimi ndikubzala mbewu pofunsa nzika, mabungwe amilandu ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu zosinthidwa ma genet zimachitidwa ndikupatsa nzika ndi mabungwe ovomerezeka. ”
Tikukhulupirira kuti zomwe zakonzedwa pokonzekera mphamvu zatsopano, maufulu ndi udindo wa maulamuliro aboma, komanso njira yakhazikitsire ntchito, nthawi zina zimafunikira kuwunikira kowonjezereka.
5. Nkhani yake
5.1. Mu ndime yachiwiri ya Article 2, "Kuyesa ndi Kuunika kwa Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana kapena Ma hybrids for Economic Utility", akuwonetsa kuti zokolola monga zotsimikizika zamitundu mitundu, mtundu wosakanizidwa wazikhalidwe zofunikira zachuma ndipo (kapena) katundu amatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kulunjika kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yophatikiza).
5.2. Ndime 3 ya Art. “Mbewu yobala” iyonenedwa motere: "Mbeu zosakanizidwa za m'badwo woyamba ndizo mbewu zoberekera (za mbewu za mbatata - zosaposa kubereka kwachiwiri).
5.3. Ndime 17 "Njira zopangira mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana (yophatikiza) ya zomeramo", kupatula gawo lachiwiri "Kusungidwa kwa mbewu zamitundu mitundu kapena zosakanizidwa kumachitika ndi omwe amayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yophatikiza," osaphatikizidwa ndi zolemba za Bill ngati zopanda tanthauzo.
Gawo lachiwiri lidzasinthidwa ku nkhani ina ya Bill.
5.4. Ndime 18 "Sayansi yothandizira kupanganso mbeu" siyidzaphatikizidwa kuchokera pa lamulo la Bill kukhala wopanda tanthauzo lililonse mwalamulo.
5.5. Ndime 19 "Zofunikira pakupanga mbewu zaulimi 'kuti ziwerenge motere:
"Pofuna kupanga mbewu, mbewu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kufesa, zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za zikalata zomwe zimafotokozedwa pakukolola mbewu, zovomerezedwa ndi bungwe lalikulu la fedulo lomwe limayang'anira ntchito yokhazikitsa mfundo zaboma komanso malamulo azamalamulo pantchito yopanga mbewu, yotsimikizika ndi chikalata chofananira.
Sizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu (zodzala) kuti zibzale (kubzala) kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zatsekedwa kapena kachilombo ka zinthu zokhazokha, kupatula milandu yomwe ikuperekedwa ndi malamulo ndi malamulo oonetsetsa kuti mbewu ndizikhalanso kunja. ”
5.6. Ndime 20 "Zomwe zikupanga magulu ena a mbewu" kuti zizinenedwe m'ndime zotsatila (kutengera mutu wa SRO):
Mbewu zoyambirira, zodziwika bwino komanso zoberekera zimatha kupangidwa ndi omwe amapanga mbewu - mamembala opanga mbewu za SRO (obereketsa mbewu).
Mbewu zamitundu ina yamatchire imapangidwa momwe bungwe loyang'anira boma la Russia limathandizira.
5.6. Ndime 22. "Malo apadera opangira mbewu zaulimi."
Zikuwoneka kuti ndizolemba za Art. 22 ya Draft Law imatengera mwachindunji zomwe zikukhazikitsidwa ndi Boma la Russian Federation, zomwe zikuyenera kutsimikizidwiratu.
Tikukhulupirira kuti njirayi idalankhulidwa iyenera kukhala, mndandanda wa zikalata zoperekedwa kuti akhazikitse dera lapadera, njira yodutsira zikalata, nthawi yankhanizo, nkhani zothetsera mikangano yomwe ingachitike pakukhazikitsa madera ena apadera. Izi zifunikira ziyenera kukhala yunifolomu m'gawo la Russian Federation, monga momwe zilili, mwachitsanzo, zokhazikitsidwa pokhudzana ndi nkhani ya chiwombolo cha malo kuchokera ku umwini wa boma. Ndipo zofunikira pazigawo zapadera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe a Russian Federation kutengera mtundu wa mbewu, nyengo ndi nyengo zina zomwe wopemphayo angafunse kukhazikitsa dera lapadera. Kufunika kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa magawo apadera olimidwa kwa mbewu kumadera omwe ali m'bungwe la Russia Federation sikungathandize pokhapokha pokhazikitsa malo abwino opanga mbewu, komanso kuteteza chidwi cha olima mbewu kuchokera pazakuchita zachinyengo ndi eni minda yoyandikana nayo.
Ndipo koposa zonse - kufunitsitsa kukhazikitsa gawo lapadera kuyenera kufotokozedwa moyenera ndi wopanga mbewu. Pankhaniyi, zikalata ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa bungwe lovomerezeka la Russian Federation, lomwe liyenera kuwunikiranso kutsatira kwa zofunikira zaderalo. Zambiri pakukhazikitsidwa kwa dera lapadera ziyenera kulandiridwa ndi bungwe lotsogolera federal Executive.
5.6. Ndime 23 "Dongosolo la boma la federal pankhani yopanga mbewu zaulimi" kuti muwerenge motere:
"Dongosolo lazidziwitso zaboma pankhani yopanga mbewu zaulimi (kuyambira pano - njira zidziwitso) limapangidwa ndi bungwe lalikulu la fedulo lomwe limayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo za boma ndi malamulo azachuma pantchito yopanga mbewu kuti zitsimikizire kuti mbewu zaulimi zitha kutsata, kuyambira wopanga woyamba wa mtanda womwewo mbewu kwa wogula womaliza, komanso kubweretsa izi kwa omwe amapanga mbewu za mbewu zaulimi. Kupereka zidziwitso zomwe zili mu makina azidziwitso kumachitika mwaulere kwaulere.
Mndandanda wazidziwitso zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa mu pulogalamu yazidziwitso, mndandanda wa anthu omwe akukakamizidwa kupereka izi kuti athe kuyikidwa mu chidziwitso, mafomu ndi njira zomwe alandirire, mndandanda wa anthu omwe ali ndi mwayi wodziwa izi, wakhazikitsidwa ndi boma la Russian Federation. "
5.7. Ndime 25 "Ndalama za inshuwaransi ya mbewu" zidzasinthidwa kukhala: "Zomera za mitengo ya m'nkhalango", popeza kudzipereka mwaufulu kwa inshuwaransi ya mitengo ya nkhalango kuyenera kuwongoleredwa mosiyanasiyana. Makamaka: wopanga mbewu amatumiza gawo la mbewuyo ku thumba la inshuwaransi. Kodi ndalamayo iyenera kuvomereza? Nthawi yanji? Kodi mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa kuti, ndipo ndani amasungitsa chitetezo chawo? Mafunso ena otheka.
5.8. Ndime 26 "Kututa, kukonza, kusungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu" ziyenera kukonzedwa.
Makamaka, tikukhulupirira kuti opanga mbewu ali ndi ufulu wosankha payekha kuti asabzale mbewu zomwe mtundu wake ndi kufesa kwake sikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakubzala komanso kufesa zizindikiro. Mwina pogwiritsira ntchito panokha. Kwa wogula mbewu, chinthu chachikulu ndikutsimikizira kuti mbewu ikutsatiridwa. Kodi angagule mbewu, kuti zomwe zikugwirizana sizitsimikizirika? Mwinanso. Funso ili liyenera kuti limvedwe.
Potato Union ikufunsira kuchotsa ndime 5 ya Art. 26 ya Draft Law yoletsa kulowetsa mbewu ndi kubzala zinthu ku Russian Federation ndicholinga chogwiritsa ntchito kufesa ndi kubzala kuchokera kumayiko akunja kapena magulu akunja, popanda bungwe loyang'anira mabungwe olamulira kuti ligwire ntchito yolima mbewu mokhudzana ndi mbewu zaulimi, kuwongolera malo olimapo, opanga (kuphatikiza kukonza), kutumiza mbewu zambiri.
Monga momwe chaka chatha chawonetsera, kukhazikitsidwa kwathandizowa ndikovuta kwambiri, popeza momwe kukhazikitsidwira kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kazigawo kumaiko akunja kapena magulu a mayiko akunja kumafunira chilolezo kwa olamulira oyenera a mayiko awa, omwe mabungwe awa sayenera kupereka. Palibe mgwirizano wapadziko lonse pankhaniyi. Kutengera kokha pamenepa, izi siziyenera kupezeka m'malamulo aboma. Kuphatikiza apo, omwe akuchita nawo msika wa mbewu amawona kuti ntchito zowongolera ndizosafunikira, popeza pali njira zina, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimadziwika ndi anthu apadziko lonse lapansi, pakuwongolera njira zoyendetsera mbewu zakunja. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi Gawo 13 la Art. Lamulo la Federal “On Regulation State in the Field of genetic Engineering” (pamwambapa Law No. 7-FZ), a Rosselkhoznadzor ali ndivomerezedwa kuti azilamulira zakupereka kwa gawo la Russian Federation ya majini osinthidwa aku Russia ndi mbewu m'malo opezeka ku malire a boma la Russia.
5.8. Article 28 ndi mutu 29 wa Draft Law, yomwe imakhazikitsa zofunika kutsimikizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofesa komanso kufesa kwa zipatso, komanso kupezeka kwa majini opanga majini pazomera zaulimi ndi mbewu za mbewu zanyengo, zimafunikira kukonzedwa.
Zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndizodzaza ndi kubwereketsa, pali kubwereza, pali zosankha zomwe Bungwe la Mbatata silikugwirizana, mwachitsanzo, chidziwitso mu Draft Law pakufunika kwa kayendetsedwe ka nthaka.
5.9. Ndime 32 "Kutulutsa mbewu zochuluka" idzaphatikizidwa ndi gawo motere:
"M'gawo la Russian Federation, kufalitsa mbewu zopanda umboni, komanso mbewu zosalembetsedwa mu State Record of Selection Achievement Achigwiritsike Ntchito, ndipo zanenedwa pamndandanda wazilimo zovomerezeka ndi Boma la Russian Federation, ndizoletsedwa."
5.10. Mutu 33. Kugulitsa ndi kuyendetsa mbewu zambiri.
Ikufunsanso kupatula ndime 3 ndi 4 za nkhaniyi. 33 ya Malamulo amalola kuyendetsa mbewu m'malo opanda kanthu. Bungwe la Potato limakhulupirira kuti kuthamangitsa kwa magulu onse a mbeu kuyenera kuchitika m'njira.
5.11. Article 34 "Lowani mu Russian Federation ndi kutumizidwa kuchokera ku Russian Federation", poganiza kuti Potato Union, iyenera kusungidwa mu buku la Federal Law "On Mbe Production".
5.12. Ponena za zopereka zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka boma (kuyang'anira) pantchito yopanga mbewu, malo a Mgwirizano wa Mbatata akufotokozedwa pamwambapa (ndime 4 ya cholembachi).
5.13. Mutu 3 “Kuyan'ana momwe mbewu (zinthu zomangira) ndi malo opangira mbewu.
Monga tanena kale, lingaliro la "zinthu zopanga mbewu" silinafotokozedwe ndi Bill.
Bungwe la Potato likuganiza zopatula chaputalachi m'malemba a Draft Law, chifukwa kuwunika ndikofunikira pakuwunika ma varietal ndikubzala zofunikira za mbewu (zodzala), ndikudziwonetsa pokhazikitsa njira zosimbidwa mu Art. 28-30 mwa Bill. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikira kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ndikuyang'anira komwe kumachitika ndi bungwe lovomerezeka la feduro.
Malipiro ofanana ofanana ndi Ch. 3, pangitsa kuti zinthuzo zizikhala zolemera popanda kulemetsa chilichonse chalamulo.
Pomaliza
Lamulo la Federal “Pa Mbewu Yopanga” liyenera kukonzedwa kwambiri, kuphatikiza pakugwirizana kuti likwaniritse malamulo apano. Chochitika chokhazikika chiyenera kukhala, makamaka, zikhalidwe pazodzilamulira pakubzala mbewu, zomwe zimalola anthu omwe akukula mbewu kuti azilamulira kufalitsa mbewu, kutsatira zofunika kuti aletse kufalikira kwa mbewu zosakhazikitsidwa, ndi zina.
Pambuyo pakusintha koyenera ndikuwonjezera, bungwe la Federal Law "Pa Mbeu Yopanga Mafuta lingayambitsenso kuti tikambirane.
Wapampando wa Union Lupekhin S.N.