M'zaka zaposachedwa, kukula kwa masamba aku Russia kwawonetsa kusintha kwakutukuka. Komabe, kulima mbewu iliyonse yamasamba kumakhala ndi zovuta zambiri, chofunikira kwambiri ndikulimbana ndi matenda omwe amawononga mbewu. Kodi zoteteza mbewu pamsika zitha kutsimikizira kupambana pankhondoyi?
DZIWANI ZOCHENJETSA
Vuto loyamba lomwe opanga masamba azakudya amakumana nawo ndikosakwanira kwa zinthu zodzitchinjiriza ku Russia. Ngati herbicide imodzi yokhayo idalembetsedwa mwalamulo kuti iteteze adyo, kodi ndizotheka kuthana ndi mavuto onse obzala mbeu iyi ndikuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zimakhala zokwanira? Opanga mbewu zina zamasamba, makamaka kaloti, amakumananso ndi mankhwala ochepa.
Tisaiwale kuti mbewu zambiri ndizovuta kukonza. Kabichi ndi anyezi zimakhala ndi pachimake chomwe chimalepheretsa kulowa kwa mankhwala kuzama kwa mbewu, chifukwa mbatata, masamba olimba amalepheretsa kukonza, ndi anyezi ndi adyo, kupapatiza ndi kusalala kwa masamba.
Matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo tiyenera kumenyedwa ndi njira zodzitetezera. Kupewa, osachiza, zizindikiro zomwe zawonekera kale ndiyo njira yabwino yotetezera mbewu zamasamba.
Chifukwa chake, gawo lofunikira la njira zoteteza liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kuopsa kwa matendawa ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro zake koyambirira. Ponena za kupewa zoopsa, chidwi chisamaliro chimayenera kulipidwa mosiyanasiyana ndi chithandizo chanthawi yake. Simungathe kuchepetsa zotsatira za herbicides omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe chapitacho.
Zachidziwikire, kusankha mitundu ndi ma hybrids kuyenera kukhala kokwanira panthaka komanso nyengo yabwino ndi malingaliro osankhidwa a agrochemical chitetezo.
MAGAZINI - KUTULUKA PANGOZI
Momwe mungatani kuti muteteze kaloti ku matenda? Poyamba, ndikotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ngakhale paubwino wa kufesa mbewu. Mankhwala a Syngenta monga APRON® ndi MAXIM ® ali oyenerera bwino izi. Chifukwa cha kukonza pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa FarMore, mbewu zimatetezeka ku zovuta zonse za dothi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha mmera kuvunda, ndikofunikira kupewa nitrojeni wochulukirapo ndi mchere m'nthaka, kukhathamira kwa nthaka ndi mapangidwe kutumphuka, mpweya wokwanira m'mizu, kuwonongeka kwa mizu kapena kolala. Ndipo fungicide yayikulu ya kaloti iyenera kukhala CIDELI ™ TOP, mankhwala odalirika ochokera ku Syngenta, olembetsedwa pamsika waku Russia ku 2019. Ubwino wake ndikapangidwe katsopano kochokera ku lactic acid, yomwe imatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawo amalowa bwino. Chifukwa chake, zofunikira kwambiri pa CIDELI ™ TOP zikuphatikiza kugawa ndi kulowa m'malo ovuta kupopera. Izi zidatheka chifukwa cha gawo la gasi la mankhwalawa. Ntchito yotanthauzira fungicide ndiyamphamvu kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza polingalira za chiwopsezo chamtundu uliwonse, wopanga zamasamba ayenera kudziwa bwino matenda omwe ali pachikhalidwe cha mbewu yomwe amabzala; ndi mikhalidwe iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri pakupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda; kutha kudziwa zizindikiro za matendawa ndipo, sankhani njira zothanirana ndi matendawa. Matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa kaloti:
- Matenda a mbande (wadya mizu). Zizindikiro: kuvunda kwa muzu ndi kufikisa bondo mu mbande. Poyamba limadziwoneka lokha ngati malo owoneka ngati galasi kapena la bulauni, kenako limafalikira ndikupanga mawonekedwe osasangalatsa. Pomaliza, muzuwo umadetsedwa ndipo mbewuyo imafa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Pythium violae, P. sulcatum, P. ultimum, coloratum, Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria dauci, A. radicina.
- Powdery Mildew Zizindikiro ndizosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: Leveillula taurica, L. Lanuginose amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamaso achikasu pamasamba, kumbuyo kwake komwe kumayamwa mawonekedwe oyera a ufa, pambuyo pake masamba amawuma. Wothandizirana ndi Eussiphe umbelliferarum nthawi yomweyo amapanga chovala choyera pamphepete mwa tsamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Erysiphe ambelliferarum, Leveillula taurica, L. Lanuginose.
- Kaloti wa alternaria. Zizindikiro: kutaya mbande, kufa kwa nsonga, mbewu zowola. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Alternaria dauci, A. radicina.
- Zola zowola. Zizindikiro: mapangidwe pamasamba (mpaka pansi pa petiole) amtundu wamtundu wa bulauni 5-10 mm mulifupi. Mycelium yoyera ya bowa imawoneka pamunsi pa tsamba, ikukhudza mizu, ndiye sclerotia 5-10 mm imapangidwa. Choopsa cha kuvunda koyera ndikuti mbewu za mizu yathanzi zimatsegulidwanso mnyumba yosungiramo. Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Awa ndiwo magwero akulu akulu owopsa kwa kaloti, ndikuwopseza kuwonongeka kwa mbewu. Njira yodzitetezera yogwira mtima imaphatikizapo njira zingapo za agrotechnical pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amakono. Mwamwayi, othandizira oteteza mbewu zatsopano akudziwitsidwa pamsika waku Russia, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amalima asamalize ntchito imeneyi. Chifukwa chake, mu 2019 ndi 2020, Syngenta amaliza kulemba mayendedwe angapo pokonzekera kuteteza mbewu zamasamba zomwe zimatchedwa "masamba set": RIDOMIL® GOLD R, ZIDELI® TOP, EFORIYA ®, BOXER ®, AMPLIGO ®.
Titha kunena mopanda kukokomeza kuti chifukwa cha ichi, limodzi mwamavuto akulu oteteza karoti - kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa zinthu zoteteza mbeu - layandikira kuthetsedwa.
ZIDELI ™ TOP ili ndi zida ziwiri zazikulu zothandiza. Mmodzi umalowa koyamba mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kenako ndikumakulika kwa mafangayi, komwe kumasokoneza ma biosynthesis a sterols mu membrane wamaselo, chifukwa, magwiridwe antchito amaselo amasokonekera ndipo fungusayo imafa. Wina amalepheretsa mapangidwe a apressoria, kukula kwa mycelium, mapangidwe a spores ndi kukula kwa magulu.
Njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito CIDELI ™ TOP ndiyo kupopera mbewu m'nyengo yokula. Kugwiritsa ntchito - 0,8-1.0 l / ha, kugwiritsira ntchito madzimadzi 200-300 l / ha. Kuchita bwino kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (chisanachitike matenda achikhalidwe) - pafupifupi 100% mpaka masiku 14; zotsatira zake zimakhala zolimba mpaka masiku 11 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Cholakwitsa chachikulu cha opanga ndikupanga chithandizo chamankhwala pamaso pa zizindikiritso pazomera zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mndandanda wamankhwala omwe ZIDELI ™ TOP imagwirizana ndiwowonjezeka. Ndi kusakaniza koyenera, zotsatirapo zabwino zotere zimawonetsedwa ngati kukula kwa chiwonetsero cha matenda oponderezedwa, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchitapo kanthu pakuwongolera matenda muzochitika za epiphytotic, ndi kasamalidwe ka kukana. Mwa njira, chiopsezo cha kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuluakulu a karoti mukamagwiritsa ntchito fangayi ndi ochepa. Gawo lofunika: ZIDELI ™ TOP ilibe phytotoxicity mukamagwiritsa ntchito Mlingo wovomerezeka wa mankhwalawo. Ndiotetezeka mbeu zonse zamasamba ndi ma encomophages.
Chifukwa chake, kuonekera kwa mankhwala ngati ZIDELI ™ TOP pamsika waku Russia, zovuta zambiri zamatenda a karoti ndizosavuta kuthana nazo. Fangayi samateteza kaloti kokha, zimathandizira kuwonjezera zokolola ndi phindu la agribusiness ambiri.
Mutu wa akatswiri amisili mwapadera zikhalidwe za Syngenta Olga Voblova:
- Mukamakula kaloti omwe amayenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kuti mupewe kupsinjika komwe kumalepheretsa kukula ndi kukula kwa chomeracho. Kupanda kutero, njira zakuthupi sizingamalizidwe muzu, ndipo kaloti amasungidwa bwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa china kulabadira makamaka kupewa ndi kuchepetsa matenda karoti, komanso mosamala kusankha mulingo woyenera azitsamba.
Syngenta pakadali pano ikulembetsa mankhwala a herbicide a BOXER® kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kaloti ndi anyezi. Ndikufuna kunena kuti pa mbewu izi, mosiyana ndi mbatata, BOXER ® imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala obwezeretsa mbewu pambuyo pake, ndipo magwiridwe antchito abwino amakwaniritsidwa ndikamagwiritsa ntchito pang'ono (2-2,5 l / ha pa kudya). Pogwiritsira ntchito izi, timagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wamtengo wapatali kwambiri wa BOXER® herbicide - kuthekera kokutira sera pazomera. Pogwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza zamatangi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amapezeka kale pamsika, ndizotheka kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole woponderezedwa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa mbewu za mbeu, ndikuchepetsa mavuto omwe mbewuyo imachita.