Maria Erokhova, MD, Dipatimenti ya Zovuta Zamasamba ndi Masamba, FGBNU VNIIF
Maria Kuznetsova, Mutu Dipatimenti ya Zakudya Zamasamba ndi Zamasamba, FGBNU VNIIF
Posachedwa, mavairasi asintha kwambiri mbatata ku Russia. Ambiri mwa ma virus (mwachitsanzo, kachilombo ka Y-mbatata) adadziwika kuti anali oyang'anira ziwengo zopanda mbatata za mbatata za mbewu ku EU mu 2019.
1Pa Epulo 4, 2020, World Potato Congress idachita ukadaulo wa webusayiti wotchedwa Potato Virusi: The Latest Information. Kulowa kwa masamba apa Chingerezi kwalembedwa kale patsamba World Potato Congress mwaulemu.
Wolemba webusayiti anali Dr. Alexander Karasev. Ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino pankhani ya phytovirusology. Alexander Karasev adalandira Ph.D. mu sayansi yachilengedwe kuchokera ku Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, wamkulu mu Virology. Kuyambira 2006, agwira ntchito ku Yunivesite ya Idaho (USA). Pantchito yake yofufuza, Dr. Karasev amalipira chidwi chapadera pa kuphunzira kwa mbatata Y-virus.
Pa webinar iyi, Dr. Karasev adakumbukira kuti mbatata Y-virus imagwirizana ndi potivirus (Potyvirus). Monga ma virus onse, tizilomboka timagwira tizirombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo timatha kudzipatsanso timitundu imodzi yokha ya maselo a gulu loyandikana nalo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timasungidwa m'mazira ambewu ndi mu "zodzipereka m'minda". Virus y Y ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa makina, komanso vekitala - kudzera mu vekitala ya tizilombo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda a Y ndi ma aphid omwe timayipatsira mwanjira yosakhazikika.
A Alexander Karasev adatsimikiza kuti kachilombo ka Y ndi kachilombo koyipa kwambiri chifukwa kamayambitsa mbewu. Zinakhazikitsidwa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikakhudzidwa ndi 1% ya dera lomwe limakula mbatata, mlimi amataya $ 17 pa hekitala iliyonse. Mu 2008, 1% ya kuwonongeka kwa mbatata idawononga US $ 6,3 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe chikawonongeka, ma tubers amatayika chifukwa chotukuka kwa matenda a annular necrotic matenda a mbatata tubato pa iwo. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimangokhala osati pa tubers, komanso masamba, omwe amakhala okongoletsedwa. Ndikulimba kwamatendawa, kukula kwa mbewu kumachepetsa.
Wasayansi uja anati mitundu ya mbatata imasiyana pakukaniza kachilombo ka Y. Pakadali pano, mitundu ina yakunja ya mitundu ya mbatata imakhala ndi chidziwitso pakuwunika kwa mitundu kukhala ambiri mwa mafangayi, ma cyst akupanga nematode (Pale Globodera timawu tap Pa 2/3, 1, Globodera rostochiensis Ro1), komanso ma virus. Chitsanzo ndi "Database ya mitundu ya mbatata" (Mbatata ya AHDB, UK).
Pamapeto pa webinar iyi, Dr. Karasev adalimbikitsa chidwi cha omvera kudziwa kuti njira zothanirana ndi kachilombo ka Y-virus ndizogwiritsa ntchito mbatata yotsimikizika (kuphatikiza mbatata zaumoyo), kulima mitundu yosagwirizana, komanso njira yoyenera yophunzitsira ndi ntchito zamanja.