M'malamulo aku Russia, lingaliro la minda yoteteza nkhalango yotetezedwa yawonekera, ndipo omwe ali ndi udindo amapatsidwa zomwe ali nazo. Zosintha zamalamulo aboma "Pa kubwezeredwa kwa nthaka" zidayamba kugwira ntchito pa Januware 1, 2020.
Eni minda adzayenera kusamalira ndi kusunga minda yoteteza nkhalango. Ndipo ngati akukula pazigawo zomwe zili mu umwini wa boma kapena ma municipalities, maudindowa amaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu.
Malo okhala nkhalango zodzitchinjiriza kwenikweni ndi malamba a nkhalango omwe anthu amabzalidwa. Cholinga chawo ndikuteteza zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuzinthu zoyipa zachilengedwe komanso za anthropogenic. Pankhani ya minda, malamba a nkhalango amathandiza kulimbana ndi chilala, kukokoloka kwa nthaka chifukwa cha madzi ndi mphepo. Amakonzedwa ndi kubzala kapena kufesa makamaka m'madera a steppe, nkhalango-steppe ndi theka-chipululu.
Kufunika kotengera lamuloli kunatsimikiziridwa ndi mfundo yakuti malamulo a chitetezo cha minda ya nkhalango sichinadziwike, nkhani za kulembetsa ndi kusamalira kwawo sizinali zoyendetsedwa, Unduna wa Zaulimi unauza RG. Malamba a m'nkhalango omwe anapangidwa mu nthawi za Soviet anali opanda mwini wake kwa zaka zambiri. Mitengo inkadulidwa mosaloledwa kuti ipange nkhuni, kutayidwa ndi cholinga chokulitsa njanji kapena kumanga chinachake m’mphepete mwa msewu. Zonsezi zinawonjezera mavuto a chilengedwe. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano kudzathandiza kuthetsa mipata imeneyi pamlingo wakutiwakuti.
“Biluyo ikunena za udindo wa eni minda kuti awonetsetse kuti minda ya nkhalango yotetezedwa ndi chitetezo ikusamalidwa bwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene minda ili pa ziwembu zomwe zili m'boma kapena umwini, ndipo sizinasamutsidwe kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ku mabungwe a chipani chachitatu, maudindowa amaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu, "utumiki wa atolankhani wa Unduna wa Zaulimi. adafotokozera RG.
Biliyo imapatsa Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia ndi maulamuliro akuluakulu a mabungwe omwe ali mu Russian Federation ndi mphamvu zoyenera. Eni minda amakakamizika kupereka zambiri za kukhalapo ndi chikhalidwe cha ameliorative zoteteza nkhalango m'minda, dipatimenti anafotokoza.
ndemanga
Alexander Petrikov, Academician wa Russian Academy of Sciences
Lamuloli limapanga dongosolo lazamalamulo la agroforestry ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsanso nthaka yaulimi. Izi ndizofunikira kumadera a steppe ndi nkhalango-steppe, komwe kulibe chinyezi m'nthaka, kuteteza minda ndi malo odyetserako ziweto kuti asakokoloke m'madera onse aulimi adzikolo.
Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia "Pa boma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yaulimi mu 2017", mwa mahekitala 10 a malo olima omwe amawunikidwa chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa mphepo ndi madzi, kukokoloka kwa mphepo kunapezeka padera la 485,44 mahekitala zikwi (1, 424,17% ya malo onse omwe adayesedwa), madzi - pa malo a mahekitala 13,6 (1%).
M'buku lakale la lamulo la federal "Pa Land Reclamation", lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1996, mu Art. 7 anakhazikitsa mitundu ambiri agroforestry (odana ndi kukokoloka, munda zoteteza, msipu-zoteteza), koma sizinatsimikizike kuti onsewo ayenera kuchitidwa polenga ameliorative zoteteza minda m'nkhalango, otchedwa malamba nkhalango.
Sizinakhazikitsidwe kuti eni eni oyenerera a malo omwe malo osungiramo nkhalango zotetezera nkhalango ali ndi udindo wosamalira malamba a nkhalango mumkhalidwe woyenera. Sizinakhazikitsidwenso kuti akuluakulu aboma ndi mabungwe odzilamulira okha m'deralo, malinga ndi mphamvu zawo, amakonza njira zotetezera minda yoteteza nkhalango.
Zachilendo zamalamulo ndi nkhani yapadera ya 20.1., yomwe imakhazikitsa njira yowerengera minda yoteteza nkhalango, kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe ndi njira zoperekera chidziwitso pakuwerengera kotere. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko yowerengera ndalama kumabwera chifukwa cha mphamvu za Unduna wa Zaulimi. Ndime 29.1. Zakhazikitsidwanso kuti Unduna wa Zaulimi umakhazikitsa Malamulo osamalira minda yamitengo yoteteza nkhalango ndi mfundo zoyendetsera nkhalango zotetezedwa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia unali ndi mphamvu zotengera malamulo otere (m'mawu akale a "malamulo osamalira minda yoteteza nkhalango") kale (malinga ndi lamulo lakale), koma sanatengedwepo, popeza sizinadziwike kuti iwo anali ndani.
Kusatsimikizirika kwa malo alamulo a malamba a m’nkhalango, dongosolo la malamulo awo oŵerengera ndalama ndi kusamalira, potsirizira pake kunatsogolera ku chenicheni chakuti iwo anali opanda eni ake, onyonyotsoka, ndipo anali magwero a ngozi ya moto. Kubereka kwawo sikunaperekedwe mwachindunji kuchokera ku federal budget.
Madera ena adapereka ndalama zowasamalira kuchokera ku bajeti zachigawo (mwachitsanzo, Krasnodar Territory); likulu la federal lidathandizira pang'ono ndalamazi monga gawo lothandizira mapologalamu obwezeretsanso zigawo. Motsatira lipoti la National Report on Implementation of the State Programme of Agriculture mu 2018, ntchito zaulimi zidachitika pamalo okwana mahekitala 119,1.
Monga mukudziwira, pofika mwezi wa February 2020, unduna wa zamalimidwe uyenera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi malo aulimi ndi chitukuko cha kubwezeredwa kwa nthaka. Ndikoyenera kuti agroforestry akhale gawo la pulogalamuyi. Lamulo latsopanoli, lomwe liyamba kugwira ntchito pa Julayi 1, 2020, limapanga maziko ovomerezeka a izi.
Source: https://rg.ru/