Ntchito muulimi siima kwa mphindi imodzi. Ntchito yofesa ili pafupi, ndipo alimi a m'derali akukonzekera kale kutenga njira zodzitetezera ku udzu, kugula mankhwala a chaka chamawa.
Kusankha yoyenera herbicides, m'pofunika kuganizira mitundu zikuchokera namsongole. Akatswiri ochokera ku nthambi ya Federal State Budgetary Institution "Rosselkhoztsentr" ku Krasnoyarsk Territory pachaka amachita kafukufuku wa mbewu kumapeto kwa nyengo yakukula - panthawi yamaluwa ya mitundu yambiri ya namsongole. Mu 2023, kufufuza kwakukulu kwa mbewu za namsongole kunachitika kudera la mahekitala 166,2.
Panthawi yowunika, akatswiri adapeza mitundu 60 ya namsongole (kuchokera m'magulu 7 achilengedwe), 25 mwa iwo anali namsongole wamkulu (Table 1). Zochuluka kwambiri pakupanga kwamitundu ndi gulu la namsongole (koyambirira ndi kumapeto kwa masika, nyengo yachisanu ndi biennial). Imawerengera 65% ya kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya udzu, yomwe zotsatirazi ndizofala: oats zakutchire, udzu wa bristle, hemlock, udzu wokhazikika, nkhumba zoyera, zomangira ndi udzu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zomera zazing'ono za masika zinali gulu lachilengedwe (58%). Gawo la nyengo yozizira, zaka ziwiri komanso zosatha namsongole m'dera la Krasnoyarsk Territory linali 12%, 7% ndi 19%, motero (Chithunzi 1).
Mbewu zaulimi Zomera m'derali zimapaliridwa mopanda mphamvu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: oat-root shoot-rhizome-root-root (58,2% ya malo omwe adafufuzidwa), oat-root shoot-tap (13,6%), oat-root shoot. -rhizome (10,5%) , oat-rhizoma (9,1%), oat-rhizome (4,1%), ndi rhizome (3,6%).
Kum'maŵa, pakati ndi kumadzulo magulu a Krasnoyarsk Territory, mtundu wa kuthengo wa oat-root sucker-rhizome-root-root unali wochuluka ndipo unakwana 60%, 80% ndi 59%, motero. Kum'mwera kwa chigawocho, mtundu wa oat-root shoot-rhizome udapambana, womwe umakhala ndi 53% ya gawo lonse lomwe adafunsidwa. Gulu lakumpoto la zigawo linali ndi mtundu wa kugwa zakutchire pa 80% ya dera la gululo.
Mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa namsongole kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chilengedwe komanso nyengo ya dera la derali ndipo zimasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana a dera (Table 1).
Kuchuluka kwa mbewu zaulimi mu 2023 ndi namsongole wofala kwambiri m'derali ndi magulu azigawo
Ayi. p / p | Mutu udzu | Coef. Kutsekereza (KZ) | kuphatikiza. ndi magulu azigawo | ||||
Kum'mawa | Masenti | Zap-s | Kumwera | Chakumpoto | |||
Ana oyambirira masika | |||||||
1 | Wamba zakutchire oat | 2,95 | 2,93 | 2,37 | 3,35 | 0,46 | 0,01 |
2 | Mary White | 1,65 | 0,2 | 2,7 | 2,43 | 0,26 | 0,01 |
3 | Cleavers | 0,66 | 0,77 | 0,17 | 0,79 | - | - |
4 | Convolvulus buckwheat | 0,16 | 0,14 | - | 0,23 | - | - |
5 | Buckwheat Tatar | 0,08 | - | - | 0,11 | 0,53 | - |
6 | Nkhuku (nkhuku) | 0,46 | - | - | 0,88 | - | - |
Ana kumapeto kwa masika | |||||||
7 | Mapira a udzu | 0,68 | - | 1,29 | 0,43 | 6,21 | - |
8 | Chicken mapira | 0,48 | 0,09 | 0,12 | 0,42 | 4,56 | - |
9 | Bristle (wobiriwira, imvi) | 0,76 | 0,04 | 0,59 | 1,14 | 1,7 | - |
10 | Pikulnik (zodulidwa ziwiri, zofukiza) | 0,68 | 0,43 | 0,57 | 0,84 | 0,89 | 0,01 |
11 | Shamwari akaponyedwa kumbuyo | 0,56 | 0,03 | 0,88 | 0,87 | - | - |
12 | Udzu wa hemp | 0,43 | 0,22 | 1,93 | 0,24 | - | 0,01 |
13 | Common mallow (mallow) | 0,03 | 0,07 | 0,11 | - | - | - |
14 | Chamomile officinalis | 0,08 | 0,27 | 0,01 | - | - | - |
15 | Common pikulnik (gills) | 0,09 | 0,12 | - | 0,07 | 0,48 | - |
Wintering achinyamata | |||||||
16 | Dokowe | 0,66 | 0,37 | 0,39 | 0,94 | 0,33 | - |
Biennial | |||||||
17 | Velcro yowonekera | 0,15 | - | 0,17 | 0,25 | - | - |
Osatha mizu mphukira | |||||||
18 | Kumunda nthula | 0,67 | 0,71 | 0,72 | 0,62 | 0,95 | - |
19 | Bzalani nthula pinki | 0,3 | 0,73 | 0,34 | 0,01 | 0,51 | 0,01 |
20 | Toadflax wamba | 0,19 | 0,28 | - | 0,19 | - | - |
21 | Bindweed field | 0,18 | 0,14 | 0,76 | 0,05 | 0,39 | - |
Perennial rhizomatous | |||||||
22 | Wheat udzu zokwawa | 0,16 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,22 | - | - |
23 | Mbewa nandolo | 0,02 | 0,06 | - | - | - | - |
Perennial rhizomatous ferns ndi horsetails | |||||||
24 | Mahatchi | 0,16 | 0,16 | 0,06 | 0,2 | 0,08 | - |
Mizu yosatha | |||||||
25 | Chowawa | 0,06 | 0,06 | 0,04 | 0,07 | - | - |
Zida zofufuzira zoyambira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zophatikizira zoletsa udzu ndikupanga maziko ogulira mankhwala ophera udzu. Asanayambe kupalira mankhwala, kuti afotokoze mitundu ya namsongole, dziwani malo ochizirako, nthawi ndi ndondomeko zogwiritsira ntchito herbicide, akatswiri a Rosselkhozcenter, pamodzi ndi ntchito zaulimi m'minda, adzagwira ntchito. kafukufuku wa mbewu.