Nikolay Yuzefov safuna kuyambitsa. "Mfumu ya mbatata" - Don agrarians amamuyitana. Mlimiyo, mosiyana ndi anthu achifumu, sanalandire ulemuwu monga cholowa, koma adalandira chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso modzaza. Sabata yatha, Agro-Trader Club ya Publishing House "Krestyanin" idachita Tsiku Lamasamba ku munda wa Nikolai Nikolaevich.
Wogwirizana naye pamwambowu anali Syngenta; Wothandizirana naye ndi Agrotehnik LLC.
KFH Yuzefova sagwirizana kwenikweni pankhani yachuma cha "ulimi". Mahekitala osawerengeka asanu ndi awiri a dziko, matani masauzande 54 a mbatata pachaka, phindu la ma ruble 900 miliyoni - ndipo zonsezi, osati zokhazokha, komanso pamodzi ndi anthu mazana awiri okhala m'chigawo cha Semikarakorsky omwe amagwira ntchito m'mafamu ocheperako.
Mbewu: Pezani Professional
Nikolai Nikolaevich amayesetsa kukhala ndi chilichonse “ngati ku Europe”. Bungwe loyang'anira ntchito, zida zopangira, ukhondo ndi kukongola pamaziko.
Kwa alendo omwe ali pakatikati pake adapangidwa hotelo yaying'ono yokhala ndi malo odyera pansi. A French, omwe adabwera kuno ku seminare, "adadodoma," akuvomereza Yuzefov.
Tinadabwitsanso. Pofikira Field Day, Nikolai Nikolayevich adalonjeza kuti azisamba ndikuyika patebulo mitundu yonse ya mbatata yomwe amalima pafamu yake. Pa ora lokhazikitsidwa, batire lonse la mbale linakutidwa pa tebulo loyera - mitundu 20, kuchokera ku Red Scarlett ndi Gala kupita ku zachilendo Indigo - muzu wokhala ndi peel wakuda.
-Timangokhala zochitika zosiyanasiyana zakukonzanso ndipo chaka chilichonse timayesera kuti tidzipeza tokha ndikuwonetsa anthu omwe mitundu imapereka zokolola zabwino. Koma sindikukulonjezani kuti mitundu yomwe itigwira bwino ikula mwa inu, ku Voronezh kapena Stavropol, ”Yuzefov anachenjeza omvera. - Mbewu ziyenera kumangidwa kumadera.
Nikolai Nikolaevich adakhala zaka zingapo asanadziwe mitundu yake yabwino.
"Kudera lathu kale kunali masamba," atero a Vladimir Talalaev, wamkulu wa chigawo cha Semikarakorsky. - Koma zovuta zidachitika mumafakitale, malo omwe adathiriridwa madzi atatsika kuchoka pa mahekitala 36 mpaka 12, tidataya mabizinesi omwe amatulutsa mbewu. Nikolai Nikolaevich adayenera kutola zinthu zodzala m'dziko lonselo.
Ndiosavuta kugwira ntchito tsopano. Dera la Rostov limathandizira mbatata ikukula. Mwachitsanzo, adauza Deputy Minister of Agriculture Dmitry Repka, kuti amathandizira pakugulitsa mbewu zapamwamba - ma ruble 64 pa hekitala imodzi yofesedwa ndi "osankhika". Pali chithandizo chakuthirira ndi njira zothirira, pakumanga ndi kumanganso njira zothirira - ma ruble 546 miliyoni apatsidwa kuchokera ku bajeti pazolinga izi. Alimi abwezeredwa gawo la ndalama zomwe amapereka pantchito zam'madzi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa phosphogypsum.
Koma mavuto, kumene, amakhalapo. Chachikulu ndi komwe mungapeze mbewu zabwino. Nikolai Nikolaevich adachoka pamalowo ndikukonza zowongolera zonse zomwe opanga kubzala.
- Mu Ogasiti, asanu mwa akatswiri athu ofukula zakuthambo amapita kumadera osiyanasiyana ndi zigawo za Russia - kupita kumafamu omwe timagwira nawo ntchito - kuti akawonane mbewu, momwe imakulira m'munda. Ngati mkhalidwe wawo, virology siyofanana, timakana. Ndipo tikawona kuti mbewu zikukula bwino, kachilombo ka HIV ndi kochepa, timamaliza mapangano ndikupanga chindapusa.
Mu mgwirizano wamafamu ocheperako, Yuzefova akuwonetsa gawo lomwe adawona ndi maso ake, pomwe mbewuzo zimayenera kuperekedwa ku famuyo. Pambuyo pake, wokhulupirira zakuthambo amapita ku famu ya mbewu kuti akatumizidwe - kachiwiri, onaninso zonse. Ndipo mbewu zikafika ku Semikarakorsk, famuyo imatumiza zitsanzo kuchokera ku mtanda uliwonse kupita ku Rosselkhoznadzor kuti ziunikidwe: chifukwa mutha "kugula" ziphaso zoyikika, akuti Yuzefov. Pakhala pali milandu pomwe, chifukwa cha zomwe zili ndi ma virus ambiri, mbatata zambewu zidabwezedwa kwa wopangayo.
- Inde, njira zonsezi ndi zokwera mtengo. Koma amaonetsetsa kuti tikhala otetezeka, ”akufotokoza Nikolai Nikolaevich.
Mmodzi mwa omwe amapereka kwambiri mbewu za Yuzefov ndi SPSK Ustyuzhensky Mbatata kuchokera ku Vologda Oblast. Woyendetsa wamkulu wawo, Alexander Kuznetsov, adalangiza alimi a mbatata kuti azionera mbewu za mbewu kuyambira pa Ogasiti 10 mpaka 25.
- Pakadali pano, padakali tsamba lalikulu pamtunda, ndipo wobzala mbewu sangathe kusakaniza chilichonse. Pambuyo pa Ogasiti 25, a Rosselkhoztsentr amapanga chidwi, pambuyo pake timagwira kufunsa, "adafotokozera Alexander Kuznetsov.
M'mafamu a anthu wamba, mutu wa Ustyuzhensky Potato adawonetsa mitundu pafupifupi khumi yolonjeza. Mwa awa, Krepysh wapamwamba kwambiri waku Russia adakumbukiridwa kwambiri. Kuznetsov adanena kuti ku Vologda amapatsa matani 75 pa hekitala iliyonse, ndipo mbewu zonse za mizu 55 magalamu.
- Yokhala ndi maboma ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino a tuber: mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yoyambirira, maso ndi ochepa. Imapangika bwino, ikakumana ndi mavuto onse a moyo, "atero Kuznetsov.
Famu ina yomwe Yuzefov amagwira ntchito ndi a Molyanov Agro Group LLC ochokera ku Samara Region. Mutu wake, Vladimir Molyanov, adalankhula za mitundu yoteteza kutentha. Adalangiza kuti atchere khutu ku Ultimate-Gulliver woyamba ndi Junior, ku kachilombo ka Red-Sonia ndi Arosa. Wodziwika bwino waakulima mbatata ndi Red Ndimalingaliro.
- Mtunduwu umakhala ndi nsonga zamphamvu komanso kutentha kwambiri, ndipo chimodzi mwazinsinsi zake ndikuti posachedwa mitundu mitundu ikadzayamba mzere, ndibwino kuti ipirire. Ndondomeko Yofiyira imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri ma virus, imagona bwino, ilibe mavuto ndi bacteriosis, Vladimir Molyanov adalimbikitsa.
Mitundu yokolola ndi mbatata zabwino ndizomwe zimabweretsa phindu, malinga ndi omwe akupanga mbewu.
"Zaka zingapo zapitazo, mabanja adadandaula kuti mtengo wa mbatata udatsika ndi ma ruble 10," atero a Molyanov. - Koma tiyeni tiwone Kumadzulo: mtengo wa mbatata sunapamwamba kuposa masenti 10-12 - ku Europe, ku America. Ndiye kuti, ma ruble 8-9 omwewo. Izi zikuyenera kuwongoleredwa. Kuti mukhale wolimba, muyenera kuchita bwino komanso moyenera.
Mafamu ena kumwera kwa Russia nawonso amadzala osankhika ndipo amadzipatsa zokolola zoyamba kubereka. Yuzefov analinso ndi zoyesa zoterezi, koma adakana.
- Zingabzalidwe bwanji ngati mitundu ina yapafupi? Mbewu zikuyenera kukula, monga Sasha: munda ndi nkhalango mozungulira, malo osadetsedwa, "anafotokozera mkulu wa famu ya anthu wamba.
- Mbeu zobzala zimafunikira labotale, muyenera kuchita izi padera ... Koma bwanji? Ntchito yanga kudyetsa mbatata zaku Russia, ndikuti mbewuzo zikulidwe ndi akatswiri, ngati ku Europe.
Kusamalira mbewu: kudalira Syngenta
- Kuti tipeze mbatata zabwino, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mfumuyi ili ndi ndalama, - nthabwala, ndikuyamba mawu ake okhudzana ndi kudyetsa ndi kuteteza, wamkulu wa zaulimi wa famuyo Yuzefova Sergey Voronov. - Zonsezi zimayamba ndi feteleza. Tikuponya 700 kg ya ma diammophos polima. Tikulima mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 32-35. Timadula zisa tisanalowe m'nyengo yozizira, kuti tibzale pamapiri kumapeto kwa nyengo. Kufesa kumayambira masika. Chaka chino tidayamba pa Marichi 12 - atangotha kulowa mundawo.
Pankhani yachitetezo chomera, chuma cha Yuzefov sichidapuse mwachinyengo: adadalira njira yotetezera yomwe Syngenta idatulutsa.
Mwachitsanzo, mutabzala, katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo adalongosola, adaganiza zochita potsatira "osasunga mazira mudengu limodzi." Chifukwa chake, theka la tubers limathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwakukuru kwa Celest Top, theka linabzalidwa m'nthaka yothiridwa ndi fungulo la Unform ndi tizilombo toyambitsa Volyam Flexi.
Pazomera zaulimi, Yuzefova amagwira ntchito ndi fungicides "Ridomil", "Shirlan", "Revus"; mankhwalawa ikuchitika tsiku lililonse 6-7.
Chief agronomist wa famuyo Sergey Voronov (kuloza woimira "Syngenta" Dmitry Gorobets): "Chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo kumatenda ndi tizirombo, sitikudziwa zovuta zilizonse!"
Anatha kuthana ndi tizirombo chifukwa cha "Volyam Flexi". Famu itayang'anizana ndi kuwukira kwa scoop, akatswiri aza zakuthambo adatembenukira kwa akatswiri a Syngenta. Omwe adathandizanso kukonza dongosolo la mankhwalawo, kusinthana mankhwala ena - ndipo famuyo idachotsa tizirombo tonse "tosatulutsa".
- Gulu la Syngenta, lomwe limalangiza famu yathu, lili ndi azimayi awiri okongola - Svetlana Spiglazova ndi Olga Voblova. Akatswiri odziwika omwe amatha kutchedwa usana ndi usiku, "adatero Sergey Voronov. - Chaka chatha tinali ndi vuto la anyezi. Adamenya nkhondo ngati ana agalu akhungu, mpaka adafika, sanatolere kanthu. Chaka chino sitikudziwa chisoni ngakhale pang'ono!
"Zowona," adatsimikiza Yuzefov. - Alangizi a "Syngenta" amalithetsa msanga vuto lililonse - ndipo mukudziwa kuti nthawi zina zimatenga maola kuti muwerenge kutentha. Loweruka ndi Lamlungu limatha. Sichisoni kuti mupeze mukawona zotsatira. Iyi ndi njira yaku Europe!
Kudyetsa: perekani zakudya zosiyanasiyana
Feteleza wa mbatata pafamu Yuzefova amapereka zosiyanasiyana: chilengedwe, ndi potashi, ndi zosakaniza zina za zinthu. Pazakudya za mchere, Nikolai Nikolaevich, monga pakupanga mbewu, zimatengera wopanga. Chifukwa chake, opanga feteleza Yuzefov anakonzanso mayeso paminda yake. Ndi okhawo amene adatsimikiza zomwe adalonjeza.
Mukukula kwa mbatata, munthu sayenera kuyiwala za feteleza wama micronutrient, adalangiza omvera mlangizi wa sayansi wa kampani ya Harvest XXI Andrei Varich. Yokolola XXI imatulutsa feteleza wophatikiza ndi micronutrient mu chelated, mosavuta digestible. Amatchedwa ZhUSS (feteleza wa feteleza wa madzi). JUSSY amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimanga ndi nyemba, pakulima ndi maluwa akukula, ndipo samangodyetsa chomeracho, komanso amalimbikitsira ntchito zake zoteteza. Mwachitsanzo, Argentum Agro JUSS yokhala ndi siliva imaletsa bacteriosis ndikukulitsa moyo wa alumali wa mbewuyo.
- Belarusian State Agricultural Academy inachita kafukufuku pa mbatata. Zokolola zikuwonjezeka pambuyo pa ZhUMS "Gumiks" (humic acids) mpaka 16 kg / ha, pambuyo pa ZhUSS "Complex" - 35 kg / ha. Malinga ndi zokolola za wowuma, kuchuluka kwa zokolola zofesedwa ndi Gumix ZhUSS - 3,6 c / ha malinga ndi wowuma, ZhUSS "Complex" - 11,2 c / ha malinga ndi okhuthala, "adatero Varich.
Wothandizira adafotokoza momwe amino acid alili ofunikira zamasamba m'nyumba ya Yuzefov. General Director wa Agrotechcenter Kolkhoz LLC Vladimir Biryukov. ATC "Kolkhoz" amagwira ntchito zothandizira kuphatikizira ntchito zaulimi kuminda ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aku Spain a Kimitec monga ndiwo zamasamba: mycorrhiza inoculum "Mikogel", muzu wolimbikitsira "Razer", ovuta othandizira "Bombardir". Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala okonza zakudya - Magnozinc Plus (gwero la magnesium ndi nthaka), amasintha photosynthesis ndikuletsa masamba chlorosis) ndi Kaos HT (gwero la calcium).
"Zinthu zonse kupatula Razer ndi zinthu zachilengedwe," adatero Vladimir Biryukov.
Ndani adakwaniritsa aerobatics pakupanga masamba omwe amakula ndi kampani ya Agro-Sistema, yomwe ikupereka upangiri ndi kuthandiza agribusiness.
- Kulima kwamakono kwadzetsa mavuto azachilengedwe okhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndikuwonongeka kwa chonde m'nthaka. Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pakulima masamba ndizovuta kwambiri, popeza kuti ntchitoyi ndiyofunika kwambiri, - atero a Igor Kutishchev, wamkulu wa Agro-Sistema. - Njira zambiri zamatekinoloje zimatha kusokoneza mtundu wazogulitsa zamasamba, kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zapoizoni. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndikofunikira kusunthira kuchoka kukulira kwambiri kupita ku sayansi, njira zolimira organic.
Kupanga kwachilengedwe kunadzakhala ngati bizinesi yodziyimira mu ma 1970. Ku Europe, chitukuko chake chimagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa ku Russia: kumeneko, malinga ndi akatswiri, mu 2020, 30% ya minda idzakhala yamafamu organic. Ku Russia, mayendedwe opita ku "organic" ndi ovuta kwambiri, komabe pali zitsanzo zabwino.
M'chigawo cha Labinsky m'chigawo cha Krasnodar, Igor Kutishchev adalima malo akuluakulu a mahekitala 4 molingana ndi dongosolo laulimi wa organic kwa zaka zitatu. Palibe chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku chemistry. Matenda ndi tizirombo tidamenyedwa mothandizidwa ndi kasinthasintha ka mbeu ndi kulima pang'ono, "kuthira manyowa" nthaka ndi zomera zobiriwira, namsongole adawonongedwa ndi herbiphages, harrows, flamethrowers. Mkhalidwe wa famuyo udatsimikiziridwa ndi kampani yaku Germany Ceres.
Njira zachilengedwe zachilengedwe sizinakhudze phindu la bizinesi. Mwachitsanzo, anyezi amakololedwa pano pamatani 30 pa hekitala iliyonse.
- Mtengo wogulitsa masamba organic ndi 20-30% kuposa kuposa wamba. Koma, ndikuganiza, lamulo loti liteteze ufulu wa ogwiritsa ntchito pophatikiza likaperekedwa, kusiyana kudzawonjezeka kufika pa 50%, ”atero Igor Kutishchev wonena za chiyembekezo chazaulimi.
Komabe, zilibe kanthu kuti famuyo yasankha chiyani - famuyo kapena yachikhalidwe - kusintha kwaulimi molondola sikungapewereke, atero Alexei Tenekov, mtsogoleri wa Agro-Soft LLC, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu ku Russia.
Tenekov akukhulupirira kuti zokolola zilizonse zimayamba ndikutulutsa chidziwitso chokhudza dzikolo. Zida zazikulu za Agro-Soft ndizithunzi za satellite ndi kafukufuku wa nthaka ya agrochemical. Zomwe zapezedwa zimatsitsidwa mu pulogalamu yapadera, kusanthula ndikuwonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe amagetsi am'munda. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mutha kupanga mapu opangira feteleza wosiyanitsa, kuwunika momwe mbewu ziliri, kuzindikira malo ofooka ndi olimba pamunda, yerekezerani ndikufanizira mitundu pakati pawo. Makhadi okufalitsa feteleza wa Zonal atha, mwachitsanzo, atsekerezedwa kukhala woyala wofalitsa feteleza - onetsetsani kuti mundawo upereka zotsatira zabwino.
- Mtengo wa cosmomonitoring ndi 30 ... 50 rubles pa hekitala pachaka. Kujambula mapu ofunsira feteleza, mwachitsanzo, a nayitrogeni - ma ruble 15 pa hekitala. Kafukufuku wa agrochemical, yemwe amachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse, amawononga ma ruble 150-180 pa hekitala, "atero a Alexey Tenekov, wamkulu wa Agro-Soft LLC. - Mwambiri, timanena izi: "Sungani gawo limodzi - ndipo mudzabwezeretsanso mtengo waukadaulo."
Kuyeretsa ndi kutumiza: kudalira Grimme
Ulendo wa malo obzala mbatata a Nikolai Yuzefov m'munsi, pomwe mbatata zophikidwa zimatsitsidwa m'magalimoto ndikutumizidwa kwa makasitomala, zatha.
Zomwe zili pamunda nthawi yokolola, chiyani pamunsi pano, njira ya Grimme imagwira ntchito.
"Zaka XNUMX zapitazo, panali chisankho pakati pa ukadaulo wachi Dutch ndi Germany," adatero Yuzefov. - Injiniyo ndi ine tinapita ku Russia monse ndikuwonera. Wopanga Dutch anali ndi zolakwika, motero adasankha Grimme. Ndipo osadandaula. Yosavuta kusamalira, zonse zimagwira ntchito, zonse zili bwino. Palibe zodandaula.
Ubwino wa Grimme - kuwonjezera pamachitidwe apamwamba ndi matekinoloje anzeru - ndikuti mtunduwo uli ndi malo akuluakulu othandizira komanso opanga mu dera la Kaluga komanso malo osungira ambiri.
Zipangizo zaulimi ku Yuzefov zimaperekedwa ndi LLC Agrotehnik, mnzake wa Grimme ku Russia. Chaka chino, a Agrotehnik adzagulitsa makina awiri azilimidwe a mbatata a Grimme. Nikolai Nikolaevich amavomereza kuti atenganso mizere ingapo yosanja.
- Tili ndi mizere inayi yosanja ya Grimme: zotengera, kukonza matebulo, ma telescopic handired. Mbiri yotumizidwa ndi matani 850 a mbatata patsiku, atero Nikolai Nikolaevich. "Koma tsopano zokolola za anyezi zikuyamba, ndipo umodzi mwanjira uyenera kusokonezedwa." Mizere iwiri makamaka ya uta sikupweteka.
Chuma cha ufumu wa mbatata
Chaka chatha, zopezeka ku famu yaulimi Yuzefova zinafika ruble miliyoni 900. Phindu - 110 miliyoni.
- Izi sizokwanira. Zinachitika kuti onse 200 ndi 250 miliyoni adalandira, - atero Yuzefov. "Koma tidachotsa dala phindu kuti timange malo ena osungirako matani 7, tiziwononga." Takonzanso zida zamagetsi, tachulukitsa malowa kuti ulimi wothirira, koma tsopano tiyenera kuyimitsa ndikuchepetsa ngongole yathu.
Chidwi pa ngongole (popanda iwo, Nikolai Nikolaevich akudandaula, palibe chitukuko chomwe chingathekebe) kudya pafupifupi ruble 55 miliyoni.
Nkhani yofunika kwambiri pamtengo wa mbatata ndi anyezi ndi umagwirira. Ma ruble miliyoni miliyoni amathera pa icho pachaka. Amadya dizili wambiri.
"Mukakhala ndi owaza 30 omwe akugwira ntchito m'minda, thandizo lake ndilofunika," akufotokoza motero Yuzefov. - Olima mbatata ena amanama kuti mtengo wa kilogalamu wabatata ndi ma ruble asanu mpaka asanu ndi m'modzi. Sizingakhale choncho. Mtengo wa mbatata zamtundu wabwino ndi ma ruble 7,7-7,8.
Mbatata imagulitsidwa ndi Nikolai Yuzefov zochuluka, gawo limodzi la mbewu zomwe amazipanga limadzalidwa fakitale yachipisi ku Azov. Mlimi samalumikizana ndi ma federal - amadziwa nkhani pomwe masuphamaketi sanabwezeretse ndalama kwa omwe amapanga zokolola, ponena kuti mbatata zinali zoyipa komanso zovunda.
"Ku Finland, mbatata sizidakololedwa kumunda, koma zidagulidwa kale - ndipo mlimiyo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalamazo," atero Yuzefov. - Sindimamaliza mapangano ndi ma network ndipo sindingakulangizeni. Ndimagwira ntchito yolipirira. Sindimapereka ngongole kwa aliyense.
Source: https://agrobook.ru/