Gulu la asayansi lapanga mankhwala atsopano omwe amalepheretsa photosynthesis m'masamba a zomera: amalepheretsa ntchito ya mapuloteni omwe amachititsa chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri - kuwonongeka kwa madzi kukhala mpweya. Izi zitha kukhala ngati mankhwala a herbicide omwe amalimbana ndi udzu, pomwe alibe vuto kwa anthu ndi nyama. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, mothandizidwa ndi thandizo lochokera ku Russian Science Foundation (RNF), zidasindikizidwa m'magazini yotchedwa Cells, malipoti. Gazeta.ru.
Photosynthesis ndi njira imene zomera zimapanga organic mankhwala kuchokera ku carbon dioxide ndi madzi. Imachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi ma proteni awiri akuluakulu - ma photosystems 1 ndi 2 (PS1 ndi PS2), iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi malo ochitira, mapuloteni ozungulira ndi ma pigment. Pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, chlorophyll yomwe ili mkati mwake imakondwera ndikusamutsa ma elekitironi ake kupita ku mamolekyu ena mu photosystem. Kusintha kwa ma elekitironi kotsatira kumatsagana ndi kudzikundikira kwa mamolekyu amphamvu kwambiri, monga ATP, omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zachilengedwe. Kuperewera kwa ma elekitironi osiyidwa ku chlorophyll kumalipidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mamolekyu amadzi - ndi panthawiyi pomwe mpweya umatulutsidwa ngati chinthu chongochitika.
Asayansi ochokera ku Institute of Fundamental Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushchino) ndi anzawo ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Gazi (Turkey) apanga gulu latsopano lochokera mkuwa ndi chidutswa cha organic chomwe chimapondereza photosynthesis mumasamba. Kuti adziwe zotsatira za chinthucho, olembawo adapatula ma membranes a thylakoid owonjezera a PS2 kuchokera kumasamba - mapangidwe amkati mwa ma chloroplasts - ndikuwonjezera yankho la gulu latsopanolo pakuyimitsidwa komwe kudachitika. Mphamvu yoletsa idawunikidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka chifukwa cha kuunikira kunachepetsedwa - mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwake kudachepetsedwa ndi 69%. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za chinthucho zidaphunziridwa ndi machitidwe ena angapo omwe amawonetsa zochitika za PS2: mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kwa inhibitor kumachepetsa kuwala kwa chlorophyll pa photosynthesis. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu ya mankhwalawa sinasinthe ndi nthawi, koma idadalira kokha ndende yake.
Kuchepa kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya kunasonyeza kuti photosystem inagwira ntchito mochepa. Zikuganiziridwa kuti cholinga chachikulu cha herbicide yatsopano ndi malo ochitira mapuloteni: chinthucho chimamangiriza pachimake cha PS2 ndikusintha mawonekedwe ake. Zotsatira zake, malinga ndi asayansi, njira yoyendetsera ndalama pakati pa zigawo za electron transport chain inasokonekera.
Inhibitor yopangidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mankhwala atsopano a herbicide, omwe adzagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, polimbana ndi udzu wofulumira womwe umawonekera mbewu zisanamere. Popeza kuti kuwonongeka kwa madzi kumachitika mu cell cell yokha, mankhwala a herbicide amatha kukhala otetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama.
“Tapanga kaphatikizidwe kamene kadzachotseratu zomera zosafunikira, motero kuonjezera zokolola zambiri. Izi zitha kukhala maziko opangira zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mochepera kwambiri," akutero wolemba woyamba wa bukuli, Sergey Zharmukhamedov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Wofufuza Wotsogola ku Institute of Fundamental Biological Problems of the Russian. Academy of Sciences.
Komanso, asayansi ochokera ku Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Baku), Institute of Plant Physiology yotchedwa K.A. Timiryazev (Moscow), King Saud University (Saudi Arabia) ndi Moscow State University dzina lake M.V. Lomonosov (Moscow).