Kuchepetsa ndalama, kuwonjezeka kwachangu ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza bizinesi yamasiku ano yaulimi pamlingo uliwonse ndi mbiri. Kuti akwaniritse momwe zinthu zikuyendera pachuma, malinga ndi akatswiri, lero ndizotheka kudzera pakukhazikitsa njira zamagetsi ndi matekinoloje. Ngakhale njirayi sinali yophweka komanso yachangu.
Poyambira
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia Federation, mu 2018 ku Russia, pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje, 10% yokha yamalo olima ndi yomwe idakonzedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi kuyang'anira kwa akatswiri a kampani Agri 2.0. Ulimi wokhazikika ”, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito pamsika wa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, palibe mabizinesi akuluakulu azolimo omwe asiyidwa ku Russia omwe sanagwiritsepo ntchito chida chimodzi chadigito.
"Tinayamba kukhazikitsa zinthu zina zaulimi woyenera zaka zinayi zapitazo," atero a Alexander Nemirov, wamkulu wa CJSC "Mbatata", bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri yopanga mbatata mdera la Kurgan. - Wodziwa kuthekera kofananira koyendetsa. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono tikudziwa zida zina, popeza lero ndizovuta kukwaniritsa popanda kupanga. Kusintha kwadongosolo sikulinso tsogolo, ndiye gawo lazolimo. "
Ambiri amavomereza lingaliro ili. Opanga zaulimi ochulukirachulukira amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsera GPS, amadalira zomwe amalandira kuchokera kuma satellite am'mlengalenga ndi ma drones, ndipo amagula malo awo okhala nyengo. Komabe, ndi msanga kunena za kufalikira kwakukulu kulikonse kwa matekinoloje atsopano. "Kuchuluka kwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe adakwanitsa kupanga pakompyuta kukukulira chaka chilichonse," akufotokoza akatswiri a "Agri 2.0. Ulimi woyenera ". "Koma pali mabizinesi ochepa okha omwe akhazikitsa njira zolimila molondola pazigawo zonse za ulimi."
"Tikungoyamba kugwira ntchito motere," akutero a Evgeny Tsirulev, wamkulu wa famu ya Tsirulev, famu yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwamaukadaulo kwambiri m'chigawo cha Samara, dera loyendetsa ndege la Digital Agriculture program ya Unduna wa Zaulimi. Chaka chino, kampaniyo ikupitiliza kudziwa ukadaulo wa digito, ndikuyambitsa njira zosiyanitsira umuna.
Kusintha kosakonzekera
Komabe, malinga ndi ofufuza pamsika, kusintha kwa digito paulimi kungoyambira pakona, ndipo chimodzi mwazomwe zakhala zikuchitika ndi zomwe zikulowa m'minda yamagalimoto osakonzedwa. Makinawa adapangidwa kuti athane ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa ntchito kumadera akumidzi, koyenera kumayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.
Kwa zaka zingapo, opanga akuluakulu angapo ku USA, Netherlands, Japan, ndi India akhala akuyesa mitundu yama thirakitala osayendetsedwa ndipo amaphatikiza kwa zaka zingapo. Akatswiri aku Japan awonetsa zotsatira za ntchito yawo pa Meyi 12 chaka chino, pamisonkhano ya mayiko a G20 (GXNUMX). Thirakitara, yokhala ndi makina oyenda okha, idapanga mabwalo angapo m'mundayo, ndikusankha njira payokha, idagwira nthaka moyenera ndikuyima, itakumana ndi chopinga panjira.
Russia ikhozanso kunyadira zomwe yakwanitsa kuchita ndi maloboti. Kudera la Ryazan, pamaziko a zogulira zakumaloko, mayeso amunda wa Agrobot drone thirakitala wa oyambitsa zoweta Avrora Robotic akuyesedwa minda. M'madera a Kurgan ndi Tomsk chaka chino, opanga osakonzekera omwe akutenga limodzi kampani yopanga Cognitive Technologies ndi chomera cha Rostselmash atenga nawo mbali pa ntchito yoyeretsa.
Komabe, mathirakitala osakonzedwa ndikuphatikiza onse padziko lapansi komanso ku Russia akadalipo m'njira zamalingaliro.
Izi sizosadabwitsa: zolakwika zambiri zaumisiri wovuta sizikuwoneka nthawi yomweyo, ndipo kuchotsa zolakwika kumafuna nthawi.
Ngakhale kuchedwa mukukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yopanga kumayambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zina. RBC yatchulapo ena a iwo, pogwira mawu kwa mkulu wamkulu wa Kirovsky Zavod Georgy Semenenko: "Mwachidziwitso, makina athu ali okonzeka. Imeneyi si nkhani yaukadaulo, m'malo mwake ndi yothandiza komanso yowongolera, chifukwa kasitomala ayenera kudziphunzitsa yekha, kupanga mapu, kuchita ukadaulo ndi minda yake kuti ayambe kuyendetsa galimoto mosadalira. Zina zoyendetsera malamulo okhudzana ndi malamulo (omwe adzayendetse ngozi), zina zotero. Izi sizili zokhazokha ku Russia, tsopano zakonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi. "
Ndikosavuta kunena kuti zidzadutsa nthawi yayitali bwanji nthawi yomwe zida zosakhazikitsidwa zidzayamba kugwira ntchito. Akatswiri angapo aku Russia alibe chiyembekezo, akuwonetsa kuti ndizosatheka kugwira ntchito m'minda yomwe ili yosiyanitsidwa ndi malo osavuta komanso kukumana ndi zopinga nthawi zonse. Ngakhale pali malingaliro ena. Malinga ndi zoneneratu za National Association of Robotic Market Participants, pofika chaka cha 2024, pafupifupi theka laogulitsa pamsika wa thirakitala padziko lonse lapansi lidzachokera ku ma drones (ndipo msika wazida izi udzakhala $ 30,7 biliyoni).
SITIYIZA CHIYANI?
Vuto lalikulu loteteza kufalikira mwachangu kwa zida zatsopano, opanga ulimi amatcha kufunika kwachuma chachikulu. Ngakhale magawo azolima amakonda kuyambitsa zatsopano pamlingo, pang'onopang'ono kuwunika momwe gawo lililonse limagwiritsidwira ntchito, kugawa zovuta zachuma ndikupewanso ngongole zina; kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, zopeza pamlingo wapa digito sizikupezekabe.
Gawo lalikulu lazamalonda (malinga ndi kafukufuku - pafupifupi 54%) ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje azama digito pokhapokha pothandizana nawo ndalama, opanga zaulimi amadalira thandizo la boma (poyamba, ma ruble 16,1 biliyoni adaperekedwa kuti akwaniritse ntchito ya Digital Agriculture).
Nthawi zina, malamulo aku Russia amaphatikizaponso njira yokhazikitsira zatsopano. Ndizovuta kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kwa eni ma drones - magalimoto opanda mlengalenga (UAVs) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika minda kapena kukonza kubzala ndi mankhwala oteteza mbewu. Malinga ndi lamuloli, BVS yolemera magalamu opitilira 250 imayenera kulembedwa mwachangu (komabe, njira zolembetsera izi sizinapangidwebe).
Katundu wa ndege wowopsa (wokhala ndi ma kilogalamu oposa 30) amakhala pansi pa kayendetsedwe kokhazikitsidwa ndi Administrative Regulations of the Federal Air Transport Agency.
Koma kulembetsa palokha sikokwanira. Ma Drones amatha kukhazikitsidwa kumwamba mwalamulo pokhapokha atalandira chilolezo chouluka. M'madera ena, amafunika kufunsa kwa akuluakulu aboma kuti atero.
Zonsezi zimafuna nthawi ndi khama, ndipo zotsatira zake sizikhala zofanana ndi ndalama. Zonse ndizokhudza vuto lachitatu - kusowa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito odziwa ntchito za IT ndi agronomy, ndipo amatha, makamaka, kuzindikira bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomwe adapeza kuchokera ku drone pantchito yawo. Kapena yesani bwino ndikuyang'ana masensa omwe adayikapo thirakitara, sprayer kapena kuphatikiza.
Malinga ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia Federation, anthu pafupifupi 113 akugwira ntchito mu ntchito za IT, ndizofunikira zokwanira 90. Ngakhale zili zotheka kuti kuyambitsidwa kwa matekinoloje atsopano (ndi malipiro apamwamba) kukopa anthu akuganiza kumudzi. Mafamu ambiri akuyembekeza izi kwambiri.
Polemba zovuta, ziyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti pali madera ena ku Russia komwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje olimitsa kulondola ndizosatheka: kulibe intaneti yothamanga kwambiri, komanso kulumikizana kwamafoni. Zina mwazovuta kwambiri ndi Chukotka, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, gawo la Far East, ndi Magadan Region. Koma mavuto ofananawo amakumana ndi nzika za Central Russia, dera la Volga, Urals ndi Siberia, kutali ndi mizinda ikuluikulu. Ndizachidziwikire kuti musanalankhule za digito pano.
CHIYAMBI CHABWINO
Malinga ndi akatswiri a Unduna wa Zaulimi ku Russia, kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayankho a digito zaka zikubwerazi kudzakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha ulimi mdziko muno: zipereka chitukuko chaukadaulo chomwe chingapangitse kuti ntchito zambiri zikule bwino komanso kuti phindu la mabizinesi azolimo liyambe kuyenda.
Ndipo bungweli lithandizanso pa izi. Mpaka 2024, Unduna wakonzekera kupanga bungwe limodzi lokhala ndi chidziwitso pa malo azaulimi ndi Central Information and Analytical System of Agriculture, yophatikizidwa ndi Rosstat ndi Federal Forodha Service. M'magawo awa zambiri zidzaphatikizidwa pamtunda womwe ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi alimi komanso zisonyezo zina zamafamu.
Komanso pakati pa ntchito zoyambirira za Unduna wa Zaulimi ndikukhazikitsa malangizo a "Land of Knowledge" - gawo loyamba lazophunzitsira zamagetsi, malinga ndi momwe akatswiri 2021 a zaulimi akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa luso la chuma cha digito pofika 55; Kuyambitsa dongosolo lamapangano anzeru (chifukwa chomwe opanga zaulimi azitha kujambula zikalata zopezera ndalama zothandizira maulimi ndi ngongole zochepa kudzera pa akaunti yawo patsamba). Ntchito zina zokhumba zikutsatira.
Njira zosiyanasiyana, kusinthidwa kwa digito kumakhudza moyo wa bizinesi iliyonse. Lero muyenera kukonzekera izi.