Soltan Basiev, Gorsky State Agrarian University
Kuti mitundu ya mbatata ikhale yofunikira pakati pa alimi aku North Caucasus Federal District, iyenera kukhala yoyambirira yakucha, canteen pazolinga zake, kugonjetsedwa ndi nematode yagolide komanso kukhala ndi thupi loyera. Komabe, mikhalidwe iyi, ndithudi, siili yathunthu komanso sipadziko lonse lapansi kudera lomwe limagwirizanitsa madera omwe ali ndi zosiyana kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi nyengo. Werengani zambiri za izi poyankhulana ndi Soltan Basiev, Dokotala wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi, Pulofesa, Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi, Kubzala Zomera, Kubzala ndi Kukula kwa Mbewu, Gulu la Agronomy, Gorsky State Agrarian University, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.
Gorsky Agrarian University yakhala ikugwira ntchito yosankha ndi kupanga mbewu za mbatata kwa zaka pafupifupi 13, iyi ndi nthawi yochepa, chifukwa
kupeza mtundu umodzi kumatenga pafupifupi zaka 12-15. Ntchito za obereketsa zikuphatikizapo kupanga mitundu yatsopano yokolola kwambiri ndi ma hybrids. Kuvomerezeka kwa zinthu zatsopano kumachitika m'minda ya Zolsky Potato LLC. Asayansi akupanganso ma microplants ndi minitubers amitundu yawo ya mbatata. Ma minitubers amakula m'malo abwino a phytosanitary kudera lamapiri la Republic of North Ossetia.
- Alanya, pamtunda wa mamita 1400 pamwamba pa nyanja. Nayi mndandanda wa nazale yaku yunivesite, yomwe imamera mitundu yopitilira 100 ya mbatata yosankhidwa m'nyumba ndi kunja. Yunivesiteyo imachita ntchito yolima ma microplants a mbatata muzochita zake za agro-biotechnological.
MALANGIZO OKWERETSA MBATA
Chofunika kwambiri cha mbatata ndi nthawi yakucha. Pagawo la North Caucasian Federal District, mitundu pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya gulu ili ikufunika, zonse zimatengera madera omwe amalima. Mwachitsanzo, ku North Ossetia, ndizotheka kukula koyambirira, sing'anga koyambirira, sing'anga, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata. M'mapiri a North Caucasus - ku Kabardino-Balkaria, mbali za Karachay-Cherkessia, Ingushetia, Chechnya - alimi amapeza zokolola zabwino zamitundu yochedwa. Ndipo ku Dagestan, nyengo imakhala yowuma kwambiri, kotero mitundu yoyambirira yokha ndiyomwe ikufunika kumeneko.
Nthawi zambiri, obereketsa omwe amagwira ntchito yopanga mitundu ku North Caucasus amaika patsogolo mitundu yoyambirira (popeza ambiri
gawo la madera ndizotheka kupeza mbewu ziwiri za mbatata).
Ubwino wotsatira wamitundumitundu ndikukana ma virus osiyanasiyana. Padziko lonse owopsa matenda kwa mbatata
choipitsa mochedwa chimazindikirika. Zingathenso kuwononga kwambiri chuma cha North Caucasus. Komanso, mbatata m'dera lathu nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi rhizoctonia, matenda a mafangasi (wamba nkhanambo, powdery, fusarium, etc.), matenda tizilombo,
zomwe ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa ndi oweta. Tsopano kukana kwa golden nematode kukukulirakulira, chifukwa minda yambiri ili ndi kachilomboka.
Tisaiwale kuti mitundu imagawidwa malinga ndi cholinga.
Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito ya obereketsa a Gorsky SAU ndi mitundu ya tebulo, koma tikuyesera kupanga mitundu yokonzekera. Ndikochedwa kwambiri kuti ndilankhule za zotsatira kumbali iyi, koma ndikukhulupirira kuti ngati pali mwayi ndi anthu omwe akufuna kuchita izi, zonse ndizotheka.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukwanira kwa kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zokolola komanso, zowonadi, kuwonetsa ma tubers ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupambana kwamitundumitundu.
Ku North Ossetia, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yokhala ndi thupi lachikasu sikufunika. Ndikuganiza kuti chifukwa chachikulu ndi ma pie a Ossetian.
ndi mbatata, momwe kudzazidwa koyera kumawoneka kokongola. Ngakhale mbatata yachikasu imakhala yathanzi, imakhala ndi carotenoids, michere yambiri, koma anthu ambiri sadziwa.
Mapasa
Pali mitundu imodzi yokha yomwe ikuphatikizidwa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements mu mbiri ya obereketsa a Gorsky State Agrarian University - Ossetian.
Uwu ndi mtundu wapakatikati womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito patebulo. Zimasiyana muzokonda zabwino kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa malonda ndi kusunga khalidwe.
Kugonjetsedwa ndi causative wothandizira wa khansa ya mbatata, golidi mbatata chotupa nematode, makwinya, banded mosaics ndi masamba azipiringa.
Mitundu ina - Farn (kutali ndi Ossetian - mtendere, kutukuka, kuchuluka, chisangalalo) - wakhala akukumana ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana kwa chaka chachiwiri. Ife tiri nazo
ili ndi ndemanga zabwino kwambiri, koma ndichedwa kwambiri kuti mufotokoze zotsatira zake. Mu 2023, tikukonzekera kutumiza mitundu yachitatu kuti iyesedwe zosiyanasiyana, ilibe dzina. Ndikuwona kuti izi, monga Farn, zidapangidwa ngati gawo la FSTP.
Gorsky State Agrarian University ndi wothandizira nawo ntchito yovuta ya sayansi ndiukadaulo "Kupanga mbatata zamtundu wapamwamba wamitundu yopikisana yapakhomo pamalo opanda kachilombo kudera lamapiri la Kabardino-Balkarian Republic", kasitomala yemwe ndi kampani ya Zolsky Potato LLC. Ntchitoyi ikuchitika mkati mwa kachigawo kakang'ono "Kukula kwa kusankha ndi kupanga mbewu
mbatata ku Russian Federation" ya Federal Scientific and Technical Program for Development of Agriculture for 2017-2025.